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... the animal was unrestrained in a 30 × 30 cm cage and sounds were presented from a calibrated magnetic speaker (Tucker Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL, USA) mounted 35 cm directly above the animal (Rennaker, Street, et al. 2005; Rennaker, Ruyle, et al. 2005). A headstage amplifier was directly attache ...
... the animal was unrestrained in a 30 × 30 cm cage and sounds were presented from a calibrated magnetic speaker (Tucker Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL, USA) mounted 35 cm directly above the animal (Rennaker, Street, et al. 2005; Rennaker, Ruyle, et al. 2005). A headstage amplifier was directly attache ...
Primary Motor Cortex
... • Autonomic control center for many visceral functions (e.g., blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility) • Center for emotional response: Involved in perception of pleasure, fear, and rage and in biological rhythms and drives ...
... • Autonomic control center for many visceral functions (e.g., blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility) • Center for emotional response: Involved in perception of pleasure, fear, and rage and in biological rhythms and drives ...
Primary Motor Cortex
... • Autonomic control center for many visceral functions (e.g., blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility) • Center for emotional response: Involved in perception of pleasure, fear, and rage and in biological rhythms and drives ...
... • Autonomic control center for many visceral functions (e.g., blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility) • Center for emotional response: Involved in perception of pleasure, fear, and rage and in biological rhythms and drives ...
50 Emotional States and Feelings
... Perhaps the most serious challenge to the James-Lange theory came in the 1920s from Walter B. Cannon's study of peripheral responses to intense emotion. Cannon's work indicated that intense emotion triggered an emergency reaction—a fight-or-flight response —in anticipation of additional behavioral r ...
... Perhaps the most serious challenge to the James-Lange theory came in the 1920s from Walter B. Cannon's study of peripheral responses to intense emotion. Cannon's work indicated that intense emotion triggered an emergency reaction—a fight-or-flight response —in anticipation of additional behavioral r ...
Emergence of new signal-primitives in neural systems
... Combinatoric novelty is a dynamic, creative strategy insofar as it constantly brings into being new combinations of elements. However, such combinatoric realms are inherently limited by their fixed sets of primitive elements. Arguably, all that can happen within such universes are recombinations of ...
... Combinatoric novelty is a dynamic, creative strategy insofar as it constantly brings into being new combinations of elements. However, such combinatoric realms are inherently limited by their fixed sets of primitive elements. Arguably, all that can happen within such universes are recombinations of ...
12 - Humbleisd.net
... Patterns of neuronal electrical activity Generated by synaptic activity in cortex Each person's brain waves are unique Can be grouped into four classes based on frequency measured as hertz (Hz) – Alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves ...
... Patterns of neuronal electrical activity Generated by synaptic activity in cortex Each person's brain waves are unique Can be grouped into four classes based on frequency measured as hertz (Hz) – Alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves ...
Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex
... shows the corresponding flat maps from this subject and a flat map from a third subject. The signals within the central representation of V3A/ B differ from those in the two other central representations. Specifically, the central representation in V1/2/3 and the central representation in V7 include ...
... shows the corresponding flat maps from this subject and a flat map from a third subject. The signals within the central representation of V3A/ B differ from those in the two other central representations. Specifically, the central representation in V1/2/3 and the central representation in V7 include ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... but rather appear to migrate into the anterior cingulate cortex beginning several months after birth. Our observations are not in conflict with the prenatal development of the spindle cells in chimpanzees because human babies are much less developed at birth than chimpanzee infants. It is possible t ...
... but rather appear to migrate into the anterior cingulate cortex beginning several months after birth. Our observations are not in conflict with the prenatal development of the spindle cells in chimpanzees because human babies are much less developed at birth than chimpanzee infants. It is possible t ...
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the
... between a novel stimulus and a stimulus that has been seen only once before (i.e. ‘trial unique’ DNMS). The duration of the neuronal familiarity signal (i.e. observed following delays of up to 24 hours [34]) is consistent with the delay intervals at which animals with perirhinal lesions are typicall ...
... between a novel stimulus and a stimulus that has been seen only once before (i.e. ‘trial unique’ DNMS). The duration of the neuronal familiarity signal (i.e. observed following delays of up to 24 hours [34]) is consistent with the delay intervals at which animals with perirhinal lesions are typicall ...
The Neuroscientist
... IC to auditory cortex. However, the multiple subdivisions of the MGB have diverse connections with brain circuits responsible for a number of functions, including conditioned avoidance behavior (reviewed Winer 1992). There is also physiological evidence that MGB may play a role in novelty detection ...
... IC to auditory cortex. However, the multiple subdivisions of the MGB have diverse connections with brain circuits responsible for a number of functions, including conditioned avoidance behavior (reviewed Winer 1992). There is also physiological evidence that MGB may play a role in novelty detection ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... the animal was unrestrained in a 30 × 30 cm cage and sounds were presented from a calibrated magnetic speaker (Tucker Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL, USA) mounted 35 cm directly above the animal (Rennaker, Street, et al. 2005; Rennaker, Ruyle, et al. 2005). A headstage amplifier was directly attache ...
... the animal was unrestrained in a 30 × 30 cm cage and sounds were presented from a calibrated magnetic speaker (Tucker Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL, USA) mounted 35 cm directly above the animal (Rennaker, Street, et al. 2005; Rennaker, Ruyle, et al. 2005). A headstage amplifier was directly attache ...
Visual Response Properties of Neurons in Four Extrastriate Visual
... A second set of programs was used for off-line data analysis. A neuron’s spontaneous firing rate (spikes per second) in the 3-s interval before stimulus presentation was subtracted from its firing rate during stimulus presentation to yield the net response rate for a single sweep. The stimulus sweep ...
... A second set of programs was used for off-line data analysis. A neuron’s spontaneous firing rate (spikes per second) in the 3-s interval before stimulus presentation was subtracted from its firing rate during stimulus presentation to yield the net response rate for a single sweep. The stimulus sweep ...
Habit formation
... Automaticity: Action Chunking and Decline of Deliberative Behavior Pioneering SR accounts of habit learning capture a great deal of the behavioral phenomena that arise as habits are formed in tasks, and certainly are valuable, yet the activity recorded in habit-related brain regions as habits are fo ...
... Automaticity: Action Chunking and Decline of Deliberative Behavior Pioneering SR accounts of habit learning capture a great deal of the behavioral phenomena that arise as habits are formed in tasks, and certainly are valuable, yet the activity recorded in habit-related brain regions as habits are fo ...
Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision
... respectively, while the exponent a represents the exponentiation of inputs. The semisaturation term s determines the how quickly the function approaches saturation with increasing input, governing the range of inputs over which the response function is most sensitive. In the normalization algorithm, ...
... respectively, while the exponent a represents the exponentiation of inputs. The semisaturation term s determines the how quickly the function approaches saturation with increasing input, governing the range of inputs over which the response function is most sensitive. In the normalization algorithm, ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... literature showed that receptive Weld changes in multiunit clusters could occur in as few as Wve (CS-US) training trials in an associative fear conditioning task. Moreover, these receptive Weld changes paralleled the appearance of the Wrst behavioral signs (bradycardia) of learning (Edeline et al., ...
... literature showed that receptive Weld changes in multiunit clusters could occur in as few as Wve (CS-US) training trials in an associative fear conditioning task. Moreover, these receptive Weld changes paralleled the appearance of the Wrst behavioral signs (bradycardia) of learning (Edeline et al., ...
Comparison of Quantities: Core and Format
... With respect to the processing of symbolic stimuli, we distinguished between the symbolic representation of positive (e.g., 3) and negative integers (e.g., –3). The latter were introduced as a more abstract level of numerical conceptualization. Even though negative integers have not attracted as muc ...
... With respect to the processing of symbolic stimuli, we distinguished between the symbolic representation of positive (e.g., 3) and negative integers (e.g., –3). The latter were introduced as a more abstract level of numerical conceptualization. Even though negative integers have not attracted as muc ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... Previous studies have shown that neurons of monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) integrate information across modalities and maintain it throughout the delay period of working-memory (WM) tasks. However, the mechanisms of this temporal integration in the DLPFC are still poorly understood. I ...
... Previous studies have shown that neurons of monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) integrate information across modalities and maintain it throughout the delay period of working-memory (WM) tasks. However, the mechanisms of this temporal integration in the DLPFC are still poorly understood. I ...
Insula and Orbitofrontal Cortical Morphology in Substance
... cortex or variations in columnar architecture. In contrast to VBM, surface-based algorithms model sulcal and gyral topologies and provide measures of cortical thickness.20 Using such surfacebased modeling, Makris et al21 have shown cortical thinning in cocaine-dependent subjects in a reward network ...
... cortex or variations in columnar architecture. In contrast to VBM, surface-based algorithms model sulcal and gyral topologies and provide measures of cortical thickness.20 Using such surfacebased modeling, Makris et al21 have shown cortical thinning in cocaine-dependent subjects in a reward network ...
Malformations of Cortical Development (MCD): Genetic Aspects
... The development of the human cerebral cortex is a complex dynamic process that occurs during several gestational weeks [1]. During the first stage, stem cells proliferate and differentiate into young neurons or glial cells deep in the forebrain, in the ventricular and subventricular zones lining the ...
... The development of the human cerebral cortex is a complex dynamic process that occurs during several gestational weeks [1]. During the first stage, stem cells proliferate and differentiate into young neurons or glial cells deep in the forebrain, in the ventricular and subventricular zones lining the ...
Representation in the Human Brain of Food Texture and Oral Fat
... conditions of 50 cP. This oil was chosen because it was the most odorless and tasteless of those that could be obtained. The taste stimulus was 1 M sucrose (Sigma, Poole, UK) (which has a viscosity of ⬃2 cP). The tasteless solution was used as a control stimulus for the effects of the somatosensory ...
... conditions of 50 cP. This oil was chosen because it was the most odorless and tasteless of those that could be obtained. The taste stimulus was 1 M sucrose (Sigma, Poole, UK) (which has a viscosity of ⬃2 cP). The tasteless solution was used as a control stimulus for the effects of the somatosensory ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... the thalamus), S-I (primary somatosensory cortex, areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2), S-II/PV (secondary somatosensory and parietal ventral cortex). Posterior parietal areas (blue): 5d/5v (rostral end of superior parietal lobule), PRR (parietal reach region, caudal end of superior parietal lobule), AIP (anteri ...
... the thalamus), S-I (primary somatosensory cortex, areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2), S-II/PV (secondary somatosensory and parietal ventral cortex). Posterior parietal areas (blue): 5d/5v (rostral end of superior parietal lobule), PRR (parietal reach region, caudal end of superior parietal lobule), AIP (anteri ...
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
... monkeys as the control. By injecting a grid of ibotenic acid, we unilaterally lesioned the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, which provides massive direct and indirect backward projections ipsilaterally to the inferotemporal cortex. After the lesion, the monkeys fixated the cue stimulus normally, re ...
... monkeys as the control. By injecting a grid of ibotenic acid, we unilaterally lesioned the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, which provides massive direct and indirect backward projections ipsilaterally to the inferotemporal cortex. After the lesion, the monkeys fixated the cue stimulus normally, re ...
Chapter 3 - Martinos Center
... increases. According to Poisseuile’s Law, vessel diameter exerts a fourth-order influence on vascular resistance. This suggests that a vessel diameter ratio of only 4:1 can modulate perfusion by a factor of a thousand or more - well in excess of the normal metabolic range for most tissues [50]. ...
... increases. According to Poisseuile’s Law, vessel diameter exerts a fourth-order influence on vascular resistance. This suggests that a vessel diameter ratio of only 4:1 can modulate perfusion by a factor of a thousand or more - well in excess of the normal metabolic range for most tissues [50]. ...
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences
... Unable to construct sensory representations of visual stimuli ...
... Unable to construct sensory representations of visual stimuli ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.