The Development of Neural Synchrony and Large
... Evoked oscillations in children were significantly reduced between 30 and 148 Hz over occipital electrodes relative to adults and did not show a modulation by the size of the stimulus. Moreover, Yordanova et al42 reported also differences in alpha oscillations between children and adults during an a ...
... Evoked oscillations in children were significantly reduced between 30 and 148 Hz over occipital electrodes relative to adults and did not show a modulation by the size of the stimulus. Moreover, Yordanova et al42 reported also differences in alpha oscillations between children and adults during an a ...
1 Neural Affective Decision Theory: Choices, Brains, and Emotions
... prospect theory. It also suggests multiple distinct neurological mechanisms by which information framing may affect choices, including ones involving anticipated pleasure. It further offers a neural basis for the interactions among affect, prior expectations and counterfactual comparisons explored i ...
... prospect theory. It also suggests multiple distinct neurological mechanisms by which information framing may affect choices, including ones involving anticipated pleasure. It further offers a neural basis for the interactions among affect, prior expectations and counterfactual comparisons explored i ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
... with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be ...
... with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
The pattern of ocular dominance columns in macaque visual cortex
... Fig. 3 Tangential section from the brain in which the boundaries of ocular dominance colu m n s were marked with lesions. Note that in comparison with figure 3 this section i s deeper into the cortex, so t h a t layer 4C, where t h e b a n d s are visible, is a n a n n u l a r area j u s t within th ...
... Fig. 3 Tangential section from the brain in which the boundaries of ocular dominance colu m n s were marked with lesions. Note that in comparison with figure 3 this section i s deeper into the cortex, so t h a t layer 4C, where t h e b a n d s are visible, is a n a n n u l a r area j u s t within th ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
... It has been traditional to consider both REM and waking states to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some co ...
Emotion and decision-making explained: A prEcis
... involves the combination of many features in a particular spatial relationship (Rolls, 2008; Rolls & Deco, 2002). It may be because there is less sophisticated cortical processing of visual stimuli in this way that other sensory systems are also organized more simply in rodents, with, for example, s ...
... involves the combination of many features in a particular spatial relationship (Rolls, 2008; Rolls & Deco, 2002). It may be because there is less sophisticated cortical processing of visual stimuli in this way that other sensory systems are also organized more simply in rodents, with, for example, s ...
... as a transition zone between areas PF and PG. It shares common characteristics with PF, differing mainly in layer IV, which is clearly separated from the layers III and V, just as in PG. The PFmc lies ventral to PF and caudal to PFop. It has lower cell density than PF and PFm, and its layer II is cl ...
Does Mental Activity Change the Oxidative Metabolism of the Brain?
... Figure 2. Measurement of the oxygen extraction. The cyclotron delivered 150-0,, which was trapped in an oxygen chamber surrounded by a well counter. The blindfolded subject, equipped with a noseclip, inhaled 60 mCi IsO, in a single breath. The regional isotope concentrations in the brain were measur ...
... Figure 2. Measurement of the oxygen extraction. The cyclotron delivered 150-0,, which was trapped in an oxygen chamber surrounded by a well counter. The blindfolded subject, equipped with a noseclip, inhaled 60 mCi IsO, in a single breath. The regional isotope concentrations in the brain were measur ...
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
... Using conductance-based models, they showed that a simple model could reproduce these responses. Their model contained superficial and deep pyramidal cells with a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three neuronal populations received thalamic drive and were fully interconnected. The deep pyramidal ...
... Using conductance-based models, they showed that a simple model could reproduce these responses. Their model contained superficial and deep pyramidal cells with a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three neuronal populations received thalamic drive and were fully interconnected. The deep pyramidal ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... DSN, DSD) were analyzed separately among regions. Specifically, we used a nested ANOVA design (IBM SPSS 18.0), in which each neuron was nested within region (areas 3b, 4, 10, and 18), which was nested within individual brain. We did not consider sex differences in the analysis because of the relative ...
... DSN, DSD) were analyzed separately among regions. Specifically, we used a nested ANOVA design (IBM SPSS 18.0), in which each neuron was nested within region (areas 3b, 4, 10, and 18), which was nested within individual brain. We did not consider sex differences in the analysis because of the relative ...
Chapter Two - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... here do you live? You probably don’t think about it much, but the thinking, feeling, W and acting part of you has to have a body to live in. Psychological life depends on biological life for its very existence. This means that the way we behave is influenced to a great extent by the nature of the bo ...
... here do you live? You probably don’t think about it much, but the thinking, feeling, W and acting part of you has to have a body to live in. Psychological life depends on biological life for its very existence. This means that the way we behave is influenced to a great extent by the nature of the bo ...
Seeing faces and objects with the “mind`s eye”
... mediated by forward connections from early visual areas. In contrast, during visual imagery, when subjects generated mental images of faces, houses, and chairs from LTM, the category-selective effects in the visual cortex were mediated by backward connections from prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, t ...
... mediated by forward connections from early visual areas. In contrast, during visual imagery, when subjects generated mental images of faces, houses, and chairs from LTM, the category-selective effects in the visual cortex were mediated by backward connections from prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, t ...
PDF
... of different unit types are themselves different in normal animals. Inclusion of different unit types would, thus, have introduced an additional variable. 'Event' units are the most commonly encountered. The sizes of 'event' MURFs were plotted quantitatively using computer control of the visual stim ...
... of different unit types are themselves different in normal animals. Inclusion of different unit types would, thus, have introduced an additional variable. 'Event' units are the most commonly encountered. The sizes of 'event' MURFs were plotted quantitatively using computer control of the visual stim ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review
... Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994). This now wellknown task, here referred to as the Iowa gambling task (IGT), requires the participant to repeatedly choose from four decks of cards with the goal of winning as much play money as possible. Each card is associated with a win, and some cards also carr ...
... Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994). This now wellknown task, here referred to as the Iowa gambling task (IGT), requires the participant to repeatedly choose from four decks of cards with the goal of winning as much play money as possible. Each card is associated with a win, and some cards also carr ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... over 3.5 mm to cross cytoarchitectonic borders into other ‘‘unimodal’’ sensory cortical areas. To determine whether long horizontal axons have the spatial distribution necessary to underlie this activity spread, we injected adenoassociated viral vectors into barrel cortex and characterized labeled a ...
... over 3.5 mm to cross cytoarchitectonic borders into other ‘‘unimodal’’ sensory cortical areas. To determine whether long horizontal axons have the spatial distribution necessary to underlie this activity spread, we injected adenoassociated viral vectors into barrel cortex and characterized labeled a ...
Evolution of Specialized Pyramidal Neurons in
... 1993, 1997; Zeki, 1993]. Every attempt was made to sample tissue consistently from only the right hemisphere. In the available materials, however, this could only be ensured for the anthropoids in the sample. Nonetheless, in light of evidence that neuronal sizes in area 4 [Hayes and Lewis, 1995] and ...
... 1993, 1997; Zeki, 1993]. Every attempt was made to sample tissue consistently from only the right hemisphere. In the available materials, however, this could only be ensured for the anthropoids in the sample. Nonetheless, in light of evidence that neuronal sizes in area 4 [Hayes and Lewis, 1995] and ...
Interoception and Emotion: a Neuroanatomical Perspective
... brain is not color-coded, its internal connections are not readily visible, its physiological operations are ephemeral, and it is organized in series of processing areas and nested hierarchies that form networks, so it is difficult to analyze. Studies of the effects of lesions and stimulation first ...
... brain is not color-coded, its internal connections are not readily visible, its physiological operations are ephemeral, and it is organized in series of processing areas and nested hierarchies that form networks, so it is difficult to analyze. Studies of the effects of lesions and stimulation first ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... 3. Contextual modulation of classical receptive field responses The feedforward established response property of visual neurons is not fixed. It can be modified by factors such as experience and learning, or, more importantly, by the spatial and temporal context in which a stimulus is presented. The ...
... 3. Contextual modulation of classical receptive field responses The feedforward established response property of visual neurons is not fixed. It can be modified by factors such as experience and learning, or, more importantly, by the spatial and temporal context in which a stimulus is presented. The ...
Chib et al., 2009 - Rangel Neuroeconomics Laboratory
... Experiment protocol. Subjects were instructed to refrain from eating or drinking any liquids, besides water, for 4 h before the experiment. Subjects were also instructed that they would have to remain in the laboratory for 30 min following the experiment, during which time the only thing they would ...
... Experiment protocol. Subjects were instructed to refrain from eating or drinking any liquids, besides water, for 4 h before the experiment. Subjects were also instructed that they would have to remain in the laboratory for 30 min following the experiment, during which time the only thing they would ...
Society of Toxicologic Pathology Position Paper Recommended
... lymph nodes may be considered for inclusion in the tissue list for nasal inhalation studies. Likewise, depending upon the species or strain of laboratory animal, the addition of organs or tissues unique to or characteristic of that species or strain may be selected, as appropriate. It is also recomm ...
... lymph nodes may be considered for inclusion in the tissue list for nasal inhalation studies. Likewise, depending upon the species or strain of laboratory animal, the addition of organs or tissues unique to or characteristic of that species or strain may be selected, as appropriate. It is also recomm ...
INTRAANALYZER CONDITIONED REFLEX PROPERTIES OF TWO
... Forward and backward conditioned connections demonstrate the acquired properties of two-way relations in the cerebral cortex. Interneuronal cortical connections and their modification i n conditioned reflex activity were studied in a alert cats with chronically implanted electrodes using a statistic ...
... Forward and backward conditioned connections demonstrate the acquired properties of two-way relations in the cerebral cortex. Interneuronal cortical connections and their modification i n conditioned reflex activity were studied in a alert cats with chronically implanted electrodes using a statistic ...
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity
... potentially unidirectional pathways, of which one-third (10% of the total) were shown to originate from corresponding locations within the connected cortical areas. The NFP make an important contribution to the connectivity profile of each area. These findings have important consequences for understan ...
... potentially unidirectional pathways, of which one-third (10% of the total) were shown to originate from corresponding locations within the connected cortical areas. The NFP make an important contribution to the connectivity profile of each area. These findings have important consequences for understan ...
Frequency-Dependent Processing in the Vibrissa Sensory System
... (1999) found that electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve evoked a smaller response in the VPm while a rat was whisking compared with when it was in a quiescent state. One explanation for this effect is that whisking generates sensory feedback at the frequency of vibrissa motion, even when ...
... (1999) found that electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve evoked a smaller response in the VPm while a rat was whisking compared with when it was in a quiescent state. One explanation for this effect is that whisking generates sensory feedback at the frequency of vibrissa motion, even when ...
Contributions of temporal-parietal junction to the human
... behavioral studies of these same temporal-parietal patients have shown reduced orienting to distracting stimuli 17. Other investigators have reported that patients with anterograde memory deficits due to posterior association cortex or limbic pathology have reduced P3s 19'31. These findings suggest ...
... behavioral studies of these same temporal-parietal patients have shown reduced orienting to distracting stimuli 17. Other investigators have reported that patients with anterograde memory deficits due to posterior association cortex or limbic pathology have reduced P3s 19'31. These findings suggest ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.