Alan Peters
... mathematically oriented, and for them the emphasis was on mathematics, physics, chemistry, German, and Latin. The third group, the one to which I was assigned, was the "B form." We were considered not bright enough to understand advanced mathematics and physics, so our emphasis was on biology, chemi ...
... mathematically oriented, and for them the emphasis was on mathematics, physics, chemistry, German, and Latin. The third group, the one to which I was assigned, was the "B form." We were considered not bright enough to understand advanced mathematics and physics, so our emphasis was on biology, chemi ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
... (Goldberg and Costa, 1981). If this were to be the case, the functional implications of such cortical space allocation differences could be intriguing and would merit further examination. However, this assertion was based on old findings and was limited to cortical convexity; therefore its validity ...
... (Goldberg and Costa, 1981). If this were to be the case, the functional implications of such cortical space allocation differences could be intriguing and would merit further examination. However, this assertion was based on old findings and was limited to cortical convexity; therefore its validity ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... day 50) rats The first series of experiments was conducted using slices of visual cortex from young adult [postnatal day 35 (P35)–P50] rats. We first asked what infusion time was required to reach a steadystate concentration of drug in the tissue. To determine this time and to confirm that MCPG was ...
... day 50) rats The first series of experiments was conducted using slices of visual cortex from young adult [postnatal day 35 (P35)–P50] rats. We first asked what infusion time was required to reach a steadystate concentration of drug in the tissue. To determine this time and to confirm that MCPG was ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
... most posterior parts of the GPi. Thus, the middle to posterior part of the dorsal GPi sends outputs to the PM and distinct subportions of the GPi send outputs to specific premotor areas. Much like the GPi regions that send outputs to the motor and higher-order motor areas, other regions, including t ...
... most posterior parts of the GPi. Thus, the middle to posterior part of the dorsal GPi sends outputs to the PM and distinct subportions of the GPi send outputs to specific premotor areas. Much like the GPi regions that send outputs to the motor and higher-order motor areas, other regions, including t ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... In the lateral prefrontal cortex, there is a graded increase in the density of auditory connections along the caudal to rostral axis (Figure 2; Barbas and Mesulam, 1985). Within the caudal lateral prefrontal cortex, auditory input is relatively restricted to specific domains of rostral dorsal area 8 ...
... In the lateral prefrontal cortex, there is a graded increase in the density of auditory connections along the caudal to rostral axis (Figure 2; Barbas and Mesulam, 1985). Within the caudal lateral prefrontal cortex, auditory input is relatively restricted to specific domains of rostral dorsal area 8 ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... overlapped with projection neurons directed to the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, with the aid of neural tracers injected in these disparate structures. We found that axons from orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices converged in the hypothalamus with neurons projecting to brains ...
... overlapped with projection neurons directed to the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, with the aid of neural tracers injected in these disparate structures. We found that axons from orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices converged in the hypothalamus with neurons projecting to brains ...
Monkey Models of Recovery of Voluntary Hand
... rootlet (0.2 to 0.3 mm in diameter), and extracellular recordings are made of the discharge of one to a few axons at variable depths and locations in each fascicle (for further details see C. Darian-Smith 2004; C. Darian-Smith and Brown 2000; Darian-Smith and Darian-Smith 2004). Cutaneous receptive ...
... rootlet (0.2 to 0.3 mm in diameter), and extracellular recordings are made of the discharge of one to a few axons at variable depths and locations in each fascicle (for further details see C. Darian-Smith 2004; C. Darian-Smith and Brown 2000; Darian-Smith and Darian-Smith 2004). Cutaneous receptive ...
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... In recent years we have developed a model of auditory cortical organization in nonhuman primates based on a wide range of anatomical and physiological findings (Hackett et al., 1998a; Kaas et al., 1999; Kaas and Hackett, 2000). According to the model, primate auditory cortex consists of three major ...
... In recent years we have developed a model of auditory cortical organization in nonhuman primates based on a wide range of anatomical and physiological findings (Hackett et al., 1998a; Kaas et al., 1999; Kaas and Hackett, 2000). According to the model, primate auditory cortex consists of three major ...
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... frequency and bandwidth [24]. One possibility might be that the auditory cortex only codes for tinnitus intensity discrimination [46], and since both groups are characterized by the same VAS intensity scores, subtracting the two groups results in an absence of activation. Yet, another methodological ...
... frequency and bandwidth [24]. One possibility might be that the auditory cortex only codes for tinnitus intensity discrimination [46], and since both groups are characterized by the same VAS intensity scores, subtracting the two groups results in an absence of activation. Yet, another methodological ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... widely divergent activation patterns 36. In raccoons, which have well-developed digit representations, intracellular recordings showed that spikes within S1 digit subdivisions were evoked by stimulation of only their preferred digit. However, within these same areas, subthreshold potentials were gen ...
... widely divergent activation patterns 36. In raccoons, which have well-developed digit representations, intracellular recordings showed that spikes within S1 digit subdivisions were evoked by stimulation of only their preferred digit. However, within these same areas, subthreshold potentials were gen ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... distinguished translocating cells from locomoting cells [56]. However, other real-time imaging experiments performed in the E14 mouse have provided contradictory results reporting that the majority of neurons migrate either through translocation [62] or through non-translocation modes [41]. These co ...
... distinguished translocating cells from locomoting cells [56]. However, other real-time imaging experiments performed in the E14 mouse have provided contradictory results reporting that the majority of neurons migrate either through translocation [62] or through non-translocation modes [41]. These co ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... Retrogradely labeled neurons were viewed with a fluorescence microscope (Zeiss Axioskop) and charted on enlarged drawings of the entire ipsilateral cortical hemisphere at 1-mm interval. In cases with very limited labeling, data were plotted at 250-m intervals. Cortical areal borders were determined ...
... Retrogradely labeled neurons were viewed with a fluorescence microscope (Zeiss Axioskop) and charted on enlarged drawings of the entire ipsilateral cortical hemisphere at 1-mm interval. In cases with very limited labeling, data were plotted at 250-m intervals. Cortical areal borders were determined ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... cells (i.e., third-order connections; see below). Therefore, in another five animals, we placed multiple injections of rabies into the arm area of M1 (n ⫽ 3) or area 46 (n ⫽ 2) and allowed animals to survive for 4 d to determine the location of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex that project to ...
... cells (i.e., third-order connections; see below). Therefore, in another five animals, we placed multiple injections of rabies into the arm area of M1 (n ⫽ 3) or area 46 (n ⫽ 2) and allowed animals to survive for 4 d to determine the location of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex that project to ...
annual report 2004 - OV Lounasmaa Laboratory
... our new premises, finally started in November about one year behind the original schedule. The LTL will move into the new premises, recently renamed as Nanotalo, in April 2007. The new performance-based salary system, UPJ, will phase out the old age-based system in 2006. The first steps towards the ...
... our new premises, finally started in November about one year behind the original schedule. The LTL will move into the new premises, recently renamed as Nanotalo, in April 2007. The new performance-based salary system, UPJ, will phase out the old age-based system in 2006. The first steps towards the ...
Review Early Steps in the Development of the Forebrain
... Figure 1. Organization of the Rostral Neural Plate and Forebrain in Embryonic Zebrafish (A and B) Cartoons of the rostral neural plate of a zebrafish embryo with anterior to the left. The approximate locations of cells destined to give rise to various territories are shown in different colors. The t ...
... Figure 1. Organization of the Rostral Neural Plate and Forebrain in Embryonic Zebrafish (A and B) Cartoons of the rostral neural plate of a zebrafish embryo with anterior to the left. The approximate locations of cells destined to give rise to various territories are shown in different colors. The t ...
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in
... walking with optic flow available. Furthermore, participants displayed increased reliance on optic flow to reach a target when optic flow was available, reaching heading errors below 2o from the intended goal. Similarly, Turano and colleagues (2005) found that optic flow decreases heading errors by ...
... walking with optic flow available. Furthermore, participants displayed increased reliance on optic flow to reach a target when optic flow was available, reaching heading errors below 2o from the intended goal. Similarly, Turano and colleagues (2005) found that optic flow decreases heading errors by ...
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A
... (“%%%”) appeared simultaneously for 67 msec either in the LVF or in the RVF with a probability of 50%. The forward masks, primes, foils and backward masks were all centered at 2.7 left or right of the fixation, whereas their overall visual length was 2.5 . Each target, subtending with a visual ang ...
... (“%%%”) appeared simultaneously for 67 msec either in the LVF or in the RVF with a probability of 50%. The forward masks, primes, foils and backward masks were all centered at 2.7 left or right of the fixation, whereas their overall visual length was 2.5 . Each target, subtending with a visual ang ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... ‘computation’, an analog process may or may not be an analog computation, and an analog computation may or may not be a computation in the sense relevant to computationalism. In a loose sense, ‘analog’ refers to the processes of any system that at some level of description can be characterized as t ...
... ‘computation’, an analog process may or may not be an analog computation, and an analog computation may or may not be a computation in the sense relevant to computationalism. In a loose sense, ‘analog’ refers to the processes of any system that at some level of description can be characterized as t ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... the retina and primary visual cortex has been extensively described in the literature. Here, we describe how similar computations can also elaborate feature selectivity in the extrastriate areas of both the dorsal and ventral streams of the primate visual system. We discuss recent work that makes us ...
... the retina and primary visual cortex has been extensively described in the literature. Here, we describe how similar computations can also elaborate feature selectivity in the extrastriate areas of both the dorsal and ventral streams of the primate visual system. We discuss recent work that makes us ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... (bursting and tonic) are recognized to serve two basic functions: the bursting mode implies a functional disconnection from the outside world, since it is produced through intrinsic neuronal membrane properties which do not reflect the attributes of the sensory signals; the tonic or transfer mode al ...
... (bursting and tonic) are recognized to serve two basic functions: the bursting mode implies a functional disconnection from the outside world, since it is produced through intrinsic neuronal membrane properties which do not reflect the attributes of the sensory signals; the tonic or transfer mode al ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS – composed of the brain and
... Receives info. from sensory receptors in the skin and proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles, joints, tendons ...
... Receives info. from sensory receptors in the skin and proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles, joints, tendons ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... wrote, “It must be emphasized . . . that this diagram is an inadequate representation of the localization pattern, since in a line drawing one cannot indicate the successive overlap which is so characteristic a feature of cortical representation. . . .” (Woolsey et al. 1952, p. 252). While the examp ...
... wrote, “It must be emphasized . . . that this diagram is an inadequate representation of the localization pattern, since in a line drawing one cannot indicate the successive overlap which is so characteristic a feature of cortical representation. . . .” (Woolsey et al. 1952, p. 252). While the examp ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... of the brain were examined for the presence of retrogradely labeled fluorescent cells. These sections were mounted directly from 0.45% saline as the brain was cut, dried at 37”C, and stored without coverslips in light-tight boxes placed in plastic bags at 4°C. Tissue preservation was aided by desicc ...
... of the brain were examined for the presence of retrogradely labeled fluorescent cells. These sections were mounted directly from 0.45% saline as the brain was cut, dried at 37”C, and stored without coverslips in light-tight boxes placed in plastic bags at 4°C. Tissue preservation was aided by desicc ...
On the importance of the transient visual response in the superior
... greater in magnitude and occurring earlier in time [10,21]. The signal is not particularly selective, however, for visual features such as color, orientation, shape, motion velocity or duration [7,22]. The early part of the signal is also blind to whether a stimulus in its receptive field is a targe ...
... greater in magnitude and occurring earlier in time [10,21]. The signal is not particularly selective, however, for visual features such as color, orientation, shape, motion velocity or duration [7,22]. The early part of the signal is also blind to whether a stimulus in its receptive field is a targe ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.