Overview of IACCF
... It is clear from the above that a re-assessment of the size of the wedges from those proposed in the 2004 paper is required. The gap between the WEO Reference Scenario (i.e. BAU) and the 450 Stabilisation Case amounts to 19 Gt in 2030, compared to the 7 Gt “gap” in 2054 (approximately 3.3Gt in 2030) ...
... It is clear from the above that a re-assessment of the size of the wedges from those proposed in the 2004 paper is required. The gap between the WEO Reference Scenario (i.e. BAU) and the 450 Stabilisation Case amounts to 19 Gt in 2030, compared to the 7 Gt “gap” in 2054 (approximately 3.3Gt in 2030) ...
Uncertainty in science and its role in climate policy
... terms of probability; imprecision is expressed quantitatively through a statement of probability. This is a deeply entrenched aspect of science, particularly in empirical measurement and forecasting. Thus, imprecision in a forecast can be quantified and communicated by providing a probability forecas ...
... terms of probability; imprecision is expressed quantitatively through a statement of probability. This is a deeply entrenched aspect of science, particularly in empirical measurement and forecasting. Thus, imprecision in a forecast can be quantified and communicated by providing a probability forecas ...
designed solutions to global threats
... SOURCES OF NON-HUMAN CHANGES CAUSES OF PAST EXTINCTIONS CLIMATE CHANGE/GLACIATION HAS CAUSED EXTINCTIONS - ROTATION IN ELIPTICAL ORBIT AROUND THE SUN- ONE YEAR - SEASONS CAUSED BY TILT OF EARTHS AXES IN SOLAR PLANE - WINTER AND SUMMER VARY IN CLOSENESS TO SUN- 21000 YEARS - CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF T ...
... SOURCES OF NON-HUMAN CHANGES CAUSES OF PAST EXTINCTIONS CLIMATE CHANGE/GLACIATION HAS CAUSED EXTINCTIONS - ROTATION IN ELIPTICAL ORBIT AROUND THE SUN- ONE YEAR - SEASONS CAUSED BY TILT OF EARTHS AXES IN SOLAR PLANE - WINTER AND SUMMER VARY IN CLOSENESS TO SUN- 21000 YEARS - CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF T ...
CN: CO 2
... Summary of offline results • C-N coupling results in large decrease in CO2 fertilization of land ecosystems. • Sensitivities of net carbon flux to temperature and precipitation variation are damped by C-N coupling. • C-N coupling reverses sign of trend in carbon-climate sensitivity under increasing ...
... Summary of offline results • C-N coupling results in large decrease in CO2 fertilization of land ecosystems. • Sensitivities of net carbon flux to temperature and precipitation variation are damped by C-N coupling. • C-N coupling reverses sign of trend in carbon-climate sensitivity under increasing ...
SEEKING CLIMATE JUSTICE: A CRITICAL RESPONSE TO SINGER
... support could be impossible if there were no greenhouse effect. The earth’s temperature was in balance for human beings for fifty thousand years. But due to increase of greenhouse gases the earth surface becomes warmer for a few centuries. Human activities are responsible mostly for increasing green ...
... support could be impossible if there were no greenhouse effect. The earth’s temperature was in balance for human beings for fifty thousand years. But due to increase of greenhouse gases the earth surface becomes warmer for a few centuries. Human activities are responsible mostly for increasing green ...
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... DRR in Sectoral Policies • Nicaraguan government has promoted in all governmental institutions a culture of prevention through Sectoral Commissions that have been created by the Law 337. The DRR responsibilities are being gradually delegated to the municipalities as a contribution to decentralisati ...
... DRR in Sectoral Policies • Nicaraguan government has promoted in all governmental institutions a culture of prevention through Sectoral Commissions that have been created by the Law 337. The DRR responsibilities are being gradually delegated to the municipalities as a contribution to decentralisati ...
- White Rose Research Online
... Hurd & McGarry, 2002). The validity of risk perceptions reported on a 0-100% probability scale is no different from the validity of risk perceptions reported on a 1-7 rating scale, but it facilitates comparisons to actual risks (Weinstein & Diefenbach, 1997). 2.2.3. Perceived role of climate change. ...
... Hurd & McGarry, 2002). The validity of risk perceptions reported on a 0-100% probability scale is no different from the validity of risk perceptions reported on a 1-7 rating scale, but it facilitates comparisons to actual risks (Weinstein & Diefenbach, 1997). 2.2.3. Perceived role of climate change. ...
INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Chapter 11 Antarctica and Neogene
... elsewhere around the world. In particular, the steps in the Antarctic climate that have been interpreted from these studies include those shown in Table 11.1. This is an important point. Some students think only of the impact that global climate has on Antarctica. Antarctic Ice can be both influence ...
... elsewhere around the world. In particular, the steps in the Antarctic climate that have been interpreted from these studies include those shown in Table 11.1. This is an important point. Some students think only of the impact that global climate has on Antarctica. Antarctic Ice can be both influence ...
Semiarid watershed response in central New Mexico and its
... model: Agustin, Brushy Mountain, Datil, Laguna, and Socorro (Fig. 3). Each gauge provides hourly measurements with record lengths varying from 4 to 30 years (Table 2). The records were used to identify consecutive rainfall periods, estimate their average intensity over the event duration and determi ...
... model: Agustin, Brushy Mountain, Datil, Laguna, and Socorro (Fig. 3). Each gauge provides hourly measurements with record lengths varying from 4 to 30 years (Table 2). The records were used to identify consecutive rainfall periods, estimate their average intensity over the event duration and determi ...
Public open house summary
... inform the province’s action plan on climate change. The engagement process was led by Alberta’s Climate Change Advisory Panel with support from the Climate Change Secretariat, within the Department of Environment and Parks. The engagement process included Aboriginal engagement, public open houses, ...
... inform the province’s action plan on climate change. The engagement process was led by Alberta’s Climate Change Advisory Panel with support from the Climate Change Secretariat, within the Department of Environment and Parks. The engagement process included Aboriginal engagement, public open houses, ...
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE: THE
... This paper investigates the relationship between environmental concern and the business cycle. The fact that both have undergone such remarkable changes in recent years provides a unique opportunity to evaluate how economic conditions affect public opinion about the environment, which in turn has im ...
... This paper investigates the relationship between environmental concern and the business cycle. The fact that both have undergone such remarkable changes in recent years provides a unique opportunity to evaluate how economic conditions affect public opinion about the environment, which in turn has im ...
Chapter 19
... http://www.alternet.org/environment/63895/ Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction Studies (COAPS). Global Climate Change Research Explorer. http://www.exploratorium.edu/climate/hydrosphere/index.html CFC Smuggling. Montreal Protocol. www.unep.org/ozone Chameides, William L., and Michael Bergin. 2002 ...
... http://www.alternet.org/environment/63895/ Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction Studies (COAPS). Global Climate Change Research Explorer. http://www.exploratorium.edu/climate/hydrosphere/index.html CFC Smuggling. Montreal Protocol. www.unep.org/ozone Chameides, William L., and Michael Bergin. 2002 ...
Climate Change Adaptation Toolkit (PDF File 1.9 MB)
... Tools 1 and 2 support the development and refining of an adaptation strategy, by exploring risk context, and developing adaptation actions that remain viable under the widest range of probable climate futures. Tool 3 complements existing decision-making processes by providing a methodology for incor ...
... Tools 1 and 2 support the development and refining of an adaptation strategy, by exploring risk context, and developing adaptation actions that remain viable under the widest range of probable climate futures. Tool 3 complements existing decision-making processes by providing a methodology for incor ...
Danish strategy for adaptation to a changing climate
... The goal of the strategy is that in future climate change should be considered and integrated into planning and development in the most appropriate way. The strategy contains a number of sight-lines to enable authorities, businesses and citizens to react promptly and autonomously to the challenges c ...
... The goal of the strategy is that in future climate change should be considered and integrated into planning and development in the most appropriate way. The strategy contains a number of sight-lines to enable authorities, businesses and citizens to react promptly and autonomously to the challenges c ...
national adaptation forum media guide
... facilitated practitioner presentations, and informal exchange of information. This event affords participants the opportunity to learn more about how to make their work climate smart, share what they have learned with others, and develop a stronger network to be climate savvy in all that they do. ...
... facilitated practitioner presentations, and informal exchange of information. This event affords participants the opportunity to learn more about how to make their work climate smart, share what they have learned with others, and develop a stronger network to be climate savvy in all that they do. ...
Climate Change Effects on Aquatic Biota, Ecosystem Structure and
... northwestern Canada. Furthermore, diatom community structure was highly correlated with DOC gradients in Siberian and subarctic Québec lakes (42, 43). Hence, concomitant changes in the phytoplankton component of the food web probably will also cascade through the ecosystem. Increasing temperature h ...
... northwestern Canada. Furthermore, diatom community structure was highly correlated with DOC gradients in Siberian and subarctic Québec lakes (42, 43). Hence, concomitant changes in the phytoplankton component of the food web probably will also cascade through the ecosystem. Increasing temperature h ...
Quantifying Intensive and extensive margin adaptation responses to
... data (e.g. RASS, RECS), the spatial coverage is limited and the exact location of the household is often masked for privacy reasons. Our approach circumvents this data limitation, which would be very costly to overcome, by relying on observed electricity consumption and weather from billing data. Th ...
... data (e.g. RASS, RECS), the spatial coverage is limited and the exact location of the household is often masked for privacy reasons. Our approach circumvents this data limitation, which would be very costly to overcome, by relying on observed electricity consumption and weather from billing data. Th ...
Climate and Terrestrial Ecosystem Change in the
... Figure 24. Average winter (Dec–Feb; top), spring (Mar–May; middle), and annual (bottom) minimum temperatures. ................................................................................................................................................37 Figure 25. Idealized relationship between n ...
... Figure 24. Average winter (Dec–Feb; top), spring (Mar–May; middle), and annual (bottom) minimum temperatures. ................................................................................................................................................37 Figure 25. Idealized relationship between n ...
Boreal Forest and Climate Change
... The boreal forest has a heavy impact on the global climate through its effect on radiation balance and the carbon cycle. The boreal forest holds almost one third of the world´s vegetation and soil carbon. The long-standing view that forests must be managed and regenerated to serve as carbon sinks has ...
... The boreal forest has a heavy impact on the global climate through its effect on radiation balance and the carbon cycle. The boreal forest holds almost one third of the world´s vegetation and soil carbon. The long-standing view that forests must be managed and regenerated to serve as carbon sinks has ...
brief
... The Department of Energy (“DOE”)’s energy conservation standards for commercial refrigeration equipment (“the Rule”), 79 Fed. Reg. 17,726 (Mar. 28, 2014), will reduce carbon pollution, help mitigate climate change, and so generate billions of dollars in quantifiable benefits to economic welfare, pub ...
... The Department of Energy (“DOE”)’s energy conservation standards for commercial refrigeration equipment (“the Rule”), 79 Fed. Reg. 17,726 (Mar. 28, 2014), will reduce carbon pollution, help mitigate climate change, and so generate billions of dollars in quantifiable benefits to economic welfare, pub ...
Multi-decadal variations in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14C
... al., 2013]. This slightly lower CO2 appears associated with maximum cooling within a multicentennial Northern Hemisphere-wide climatic downturn commonly described as the „Little Ice Age‟ (LIA; CE 1250-1850) [Mann et al., 2009; PAGES 2k Consortium, 2013]. The decrease and subsequent increase in atmos ...
... al., 2013]. This slightly lower CO2 appears associated with maximum cooling within a multicentennial Northern Hemisphere-wide climatic downturn commonly described as the „Little Ice Age‟ (LIA; CE 1250-1850) [Mann et al., 2009; PAGES 2k Consortium, 2013]. The decrease and subsequent increase in atmos ...
“Migration with Dignity”: Towards a New
... In its first Assessment Report in 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) first warned that the “gravest effects of climate change may be those on human migration”.1 Successive reports have since then repeatedly confirmed that “the impacts of anthropogenic climate change are expec ...
... In its first Assessment Report in 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) first warned that the “gravest effects of climate change may be those on human migration”.1 Successive reports have since then repeatedly confirmed that “the impacts of anthropogenic climate change are expec ...
Remaking suburbia:
... http://www.norwayheritage.com/gallery/gallery/Steamship_Companies/Inman_Line/inman-line-tradecard.jpg ...
... http://www.norwayheritage.com/gallery/gallery/Steamship_Companies/Inman_Line/inman-line-tradecard.jpg ...
Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and
... complicated by changes in fire reporting over the period of record. However, recent changes in climate were likely the main drivers for increases in area burned both in the western United States [Westerling et al., 2006] and Canada [Gillett et al., 2004; Kasischke and Turetsky, 2006; Girardin, 2007] ...
... complicated by changes in fire reporting over the period of record. However, recent changes in climate were likely the main drivers for increases in area burned both in the western United States [Westerling et al., 2006] and Canada [Gillett et al., 2004; Kasischke and Turetsky, 2006; Girardin, 2007] ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).