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... Knowledge about the impact of climate change on hunger has evolved significantly over the last 15 years. Initial studies1 concluded that decreases in yields of wheat, rice and maize caused by increased heat and water stress would be greatest in developing countries, and projected these decreases to ...
... Knowledge about the impact of climate change on hunger has evolved significantly over the last 15 years. Initial studies1 concluded that decreases in yields of wheat, rice and maize caused by increased heat and water stress would be greatest in developing countries, and projected these decreases to ...
Climate Change and Hunger - Responding to the Challenge
... Knowledge about the impact of climate change on hunger has evolved significantly over the last 15 years. Initial studies1 concluded that decreases in yields of wheat, rice and maize caused by increased heat and water stress would be greatest in developing countries, and projected these decreases to ...
... Knowledge about the impact of climate change on hunger has evolved significantly over the last 15 years. Initial studies1 concluded that decreases in yields of wheat, rice and maize caused by increased heat and water stress would be greatest in developing countries, and projected these decreases to ...
Full Text - Oxford Academic
... estimate meta-analysis methods,26,27 to account for potential correlation of estimates within the same publication. We assumed a within-study correlation of 0.1, but evaluated estimates at rho ¼ 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 and found that point estimates and confidence intervals varied by < 0.001 acro ...
... estimate meta-analysis methods,26,27 to account for potential correlation of estimates within the same publication. We assumed a within-study correlation of 0.1, but evaluated estimates at rho ¼ 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 and found that point estimates and confidence intervals varied by < 0.001 acro ...
Emerging threats to human health from global environmental change.
... the course of economic development, most societies rapidly externalize their ecological “footprint” beyond the local ecosystems where they live. Those who have access can procure food, fuel, fiber, building materials, and even water (often in the form of water required to produce imported grain, meat ...
... the course of economic development, most societies rapidly externalize their ecological “footprint” beyond the local ecosystems where they live. Those who have access can procure food, fuel, fiber, building materials, and even water (often in the form of water required to produce imported grain, meat ...
Item 9 Climate and Greenhouse Gases Baseline Report
... assessment (EA) due to their intrinsic importance to climate change as a regional and international issue. Climate change is defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as “the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/ ...
... assessment (EA) due to their intrinsic importance to climate change as a regional and international issue. Climate change is defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as “the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/ ...
Money Talks
... In the context of significant progress that still amounts to inadequate achievement, the importance of the distinction between reducing emissions, and reducing emissions enough, quickly enough, can hardly be overstated.6 The essence of the climate challenge appears to have subtly shifted in the last ...
... In the context of significant progress that still amounts to inadequate achievement, the importance of the distinction between reducing emissions, and reducing emissions enough, quickly enough, can hardly be overstated.6 The essence of the climate challenge appears to have subtly shifted in the last ...
Tipping Points, Thresholds and the Keystone Role of Physiology in
... in species range boundaries, but at least in some cases may be localized extinctions even well within range boundaries. Moreover, recent studies have documented geographic variability in physiological tolerance (Pearson et al., 2009) and have experimentally shown evidence of local adaptation (Kuo an ...
... in species range boundaries, but at least in some cases may be localized extinctions even well within range boundaries. Moreover, recent studies have documented geographic variability in physiological tolerance (Pearson et al., 2009) and have experimentally shown evidence of local adaptation (Kuo an ...
II. Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability: Technical Summary
... locations of significant observed changes in many systems consistent with warming is very unlikely6 to be due solely to natural variability of temperatures or natural variability of the systems [1.4]. For physical systems, (i) climate change is affecting natural and human systems in regions of snow, ...
... locations of significant observed changes in many systems consistent with warming is very unlikely6 to be due solely to natural variability of temperatures or natural variability of the systems [1.4]. For physical systems, (i) climate change is affecting natural and human systems in regions of snow, ...
Effect of Climate Change on Invasion Risk of Giant African Snail
... To develop the niche model, present environmental data and future predictions were downloaded from the Worldclim database website. For present (1950–2000) environmental data, a total of 19 bioclimatic layers were downloaded from Worldclim database version 1.4 [52] (http://www.worldclim.org/; Table 1 ...
... To develop the niche model, present environmental data and future predictions were downloaded from the Worldclim database website. For present (1950–2000) environmental data, a total of 19 bioclimatic layers were downloaded from Worldclim database version 1.4 [52] (http://www.worldclim.org/; Table 1 ...
2 Andean montane forests and climate change
... increments were collected along a transect in the KosnÄipata Valley, Peru. The elevational range of the samples was from 300 m to 3,400 m. Despite high pollen diversity (more than 400 types identi®ed) in these samples, >90% of pollen was identi®ed to family level and 30±50% to genus level (Weng et a ...
... increments were collected along a transect in the KosnÄipata Valley, Peru. The elevational range of the samples was from 300 m to 3,400 m. Despite high pollen diversity (more than 400 types identi®ed) in these samples, >90% of pollen was identi®ed to family level and 30±50% to genus level (Weng et a ...
Air pollution and associated human mortality: the role of air pollutant
... tions for tropospheric chemistry calculations. Anthropogenic emissions (including from energy production, industry, land transport, maritime transport, aviation, residential and commercial sectors, solvents, agriculture, agriculture waste burning on fields, and waste) and biomass burning emissions ( ...
... tions for tropospheric chemistry calculations. Anthropogenic emissions (including from energy production, industry, land transport, maritime transport, aviation, residential and commercial sectors, solvents, agriculture, agriculture waste burning on fields, and waste) and biomass burning emissions ( ...
Incorporating climate change into systematic conservation planning
... communities, or ecosystems of a specific region, the science of conservation planning is now advancing to better incorporate ecological processes and more recently, ecosystem services (Egoh et al. 2007). Despite these advances, many of the species and ecosystems for which these conservation plans we ...
... communities, or ecosystems of a specific region, the science of conservation planning is now advancing to better incorporate ecological processes and more recently, ecosystem services (Egoh et al. 2007). Despite these advances, many of the species and ecosystems for which these conservation plans we ...
How does climate change alter agricultural strategies to - PIM
... has direct effects on the timing and duration of crop growing seasons, with concomitant impacts on plant growth. Rainfall variability is expected to increase in the future, and floods and droughts will become more common. Changes in temperature and rainfall regime may have considerable impacts on ag ...
... has direct effects on the timing and duration of crop growing seasons, with concomitant impacts on plant growth. Rainfall variability is expected to increase in the future, and floods and droughts will become more common. Changes in temperature and rainfall regime may have considerable impacts on ag ...
Confronting Climate Change in California
... he most likely world climate future, based on current understanding, is a globally averaged warming of about 4° F (2° Celsius) by 2100. [See The International Consensus on Climate Change, page 12.] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of more than 500 scientists who reviewed ...
... he most likely world climate future, based on current understanding, is a globally averaged warming of about 4° F (2° Celsius) by 2100. [See The International Consensus on Climate Change, page 12.] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of more than 500 scientists who reviewed ...
Article - Biogeosciences
... that distribution and intensity of precipitation can also indirectly affect ecosystem carbon balance because the induced water stress could alter the leaf area index (LAI) (Le Dantec et al., 2000; Barr et al., 2007), the carbohydrate reserve status (Sala et al., 2010), the plant allocation pattern ( ...
... that distribution and intensity of precipitation can also indirectly affect ecosystem carbon balance because the induced water stress could alter the leaf area index (LAI) (Le Dantec et al., 2000; Barr et al., 2007), the carbohydrate reserve status (Sala et al., 2010), the plant allocation pattern ( ...
Climate change and the distribution and conservation of the world`s
... Tree-ring studies of P. tarapacana have demonstrated that its annual radial growth is strongly associated with moisture availability (Morales et al., 2004; Solíz et al., 2009; Carilla et al., 2013). These studies have also shown that since the 1930s their growth has exhibited a persistently negative ...
... Tree-ring studies of P. tarapacana have demonstrated that its annual radial growth is strongly associated with moisture availability (Morales et al., 2004; Solíz et al., 2009; Carilla et al., 2013). These studies have also shown that since the 1930s their growth has exhibited a persistently negative ...
Climate Risk and Adaptation Strategy Discussion Paper (DOCX, 6.9
... Bushfire weather conditions Severe weather (storms etc.) Flooding. Over the past 20 years, Maroondah has experienced many climate events that have affected things that the community values. Many of the risks we face are not new, but their duration, frequency and severity will change. ...
... Bushfire weather conditions Severe weather (storms etc.) Flooding. Over the past 20 years, Maroondah has experienced many climate events that have affected things that the community values. Many of the risks we face are not new, but their duration, frequency and severity will change. ...
Natural Disasters and Their Mitigation for Sustainable Agricultural
... with natural catastrophes.” The cost of coping with such climatic anomalies is rising because of a combination of changes in the nature of natural disasters and the increasing vulnerability of society to these disasters (IPCC, 2001). Costs not absorbed by national governments, foreign aid, or insura ...
... with natural catastrophes.” The cost of coping with such climatic anomalies is rising because of a combination of changes in the nature of natural disasters and the increasing vulnerability of society to these disasters (IPCC, 2001). Costs not absorbed by national governments, foreign aid, or insura ...
Bradford, Mark A., et al. "Climate fails to predict wood decomposition
... proper understanding of these activities is needed to inform model projections such as carbon cycle–climate feedbacks1,14 . ...
... proper understanding of these activities is needed to inform model projections such as carbon cycle–climate feedbacks1,14 . ...
Day 18
... • Evidence that climate conditions have changed since industrialization is now overwhelming and indisputable • The way each of us experiences these impacts will vary tremendously • The impacts on Canada could be particularly severe, depending on where we live ...
... • Evidence that climate conditions have changed since industrialization is now overwhelming and indisputable • The way each of us experiences these impacts will vary tremendously • The impacts on Canada could be particularly severe, depending on where we live ...
The Economics of Climate Change Impacts and Policy
... The topic of cities and climate change has recently become an active area of research. Relevant activities include the Tyndall Centre in the UK2 with their project “Engineering Cities: how can cities grow while reducing vulnerability and emissions?” and the German Potsdam Institute for Climate (PIK) ...
... The topic of cities and climate change has recently become an active area of research. Relevant activities include the Tyndall Centre in the UK2 with their project “Engineering Cities: how can cities grow while reducing vulnerability and emissions?” and the German Potsdam Institute for Climate (PIK) ...
Climate Investment Funds (CIFs): An Overview CRS Report for Congress Richard K. Lattanzio
... million for the CIFs (H.R. 3288, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010, signed into law December 16, 2009, as P.L. 111-117), and for FY2011, the Administration has requested an additional $635 million for the program. As the CIFs are just one set of financial mechanisms in a larger network of in ...
... million for the CIFs (H.R. 3288, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010, signed into law December 16, 2009, as P.L. 111-117), and for FY2011, the Administration has requested an additional $635 million for the program. As the CIFs are just one set of financial mechanisms in a larger network of in ...
Climate Change, Energy and South Africa`s Foreign Policy
... particularly carbon intensive, depending on coal-fired power stations for over 90% of its electricity. As Winkler points out: About 70% of total primary energy supply in South Africa derives from coal. Coal-fired power-stations provide 93% of electricity production. Given its coal-based energy econo ...
... particularly carbon intensive, depending on coal-fired power stations for over 90% of its electricity. As Winkler points out: About 70% of total primary energy supply in South Africa derives from coal. Coal-fired power-stations provide 93% of electricity production. Given its coal-based energy econo ...
Climate change in size-structured ecosystems
... scenario used [1]. Predicted increases in global mean temperature conceal, of course, considerable regional and local variation. For example, land surfaces, mountain ranges and arctic regions are experiencing stronger increases in temperature than other areas [1]. A pressing issue is predicting the ...
... scenario used [1]. Predicted increases in global mean temperature conceal, of course, considerable regional and local variation. For example, land surfaces, mountain ranges and arctic regions are experiencing stronger increases in temperature than other areas [1]. A pressing issue is predicting the ...
Protecting health from climate change - WHO/Europe
... change in seven European countries: Albania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Uzbekistan. The project supports actions and pilot-tests some interventions in countries that are already experiencing climate-related problems (such ...
... change in seven European countries: Albania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Uzbekistan. The project supports actions and pilot-tests some interventions in countries that are already experiencing climate-related problems (such ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).