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... weather basics and explore climate change related issues close to home in the Hudson River Valley. Most of the lessons have been adapted for use from existing peer reviewed plans. The original source material is credited at the beginning of each lesson. The material presented is not designed as a cu ...
... weather basics and explore climate change related issues close to home in the Hudson River Valley. Most of the lessons have been adapted for use from existing peer reviewed plans. The original source material is credited at the beginning of each lesson. The material presented is not designed as a cu ...
SUBREGIONAL CLIMATE ACTION PLAN ADAPTATION AND
... from local and imported sources. From a local government standpoint, the mix of water agencies presents a challenge to implementing jurisdictional water reduction strategies, as some jurisdictions have multiple providers within their boundaries, and some water suppliers function as sub-agencies to o ...
... from local and imported sources. From a local government standpoint, the mix of water agencies presents a challenge to implementing jurisdictional water reduction strategies, as some jurisdictions have multiple providers within their boundaries, and some water suppliers function as sub-agencies to o ...
The Nation Ex-Situ: On climate change, deterritorialized nationhood
... focus. Impacts of climate change may exacerbate pre-existing vulnerabilities typical of nationstates of similar size and stage of development. For certain states, however, climate change and associated sea-level rise threaten the very survival of their entire territory. This consequence, particularl ...
... focus. Impacts of climate change may exacerbate pre-existing vulnerabilities typical of nationstates of similar size and stage of development. For certain states, however, climate change and associated sea-level rise threaten the very survival of their entire territory. This consequence, particularl ...
Oceanic climate and circulation changes during the past four
... plot of residual DD14C (coral D14C minus model D14C) (Figure 3b) shows negative anomalies of 18% during these two time periods. Additionally, the coral D14C values varied on much shorter timescales than the tree ring D14C ...
... plot of residual DD14C (coral D14C minus model D14C) (Figure 3b) shows negative anomalies of 18% during these two time periods. Additionally, the coral D14C values varied on much shorter timescales than the tree ring D14C ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... committed to fighting climate change and making its contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the context of the new legally binding agreement that will be adopted in December 2015 and will be applicable to all parties. Grenada is committed to a low carbon emission development pathway wh ...
... committed to fighting climate change and making its contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the context of the new legally binding agreement that will be adopted in December 2015 and will be applicable to all parties. Grenada is committed to a low carbon emission development pathway wh ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change
... Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in average global sea surface temperatures since the beginning of the twentieth century, that approaches 1◦ C (0.89◦ ...
... Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in average global sea surface temperatures since the beginning of the twentieth century, that approaches 1◦ C (0.89◦ ...
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans
... Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in average global sea surface temperatures since the beginning of the twentieth century, that approaches 1◦ C (0.89◦ ...
... Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2014; Pörtner et al., 2014). The global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra energy arising from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in average global sea surface temperatures since the beginning of the twentieth century, that approaches 1◦ C (0.89◦ ...
Making Paris Work for Vulnerable Populations
... fatalities. Poor people are disproportionally affected: according to the insurance company Munich Re, about 850,000 people lost their lives between 1980 and 2014 as a result of weather-related extreme events. Of these, 62 per cent lived on less than USD 3 per day. However, in 2014, this income group ...
... fatalities. Poor people are disproportionally affected: according to the insurance company Munich Re, about 850,000 people lost their lives between 1980 and 2014 as a result of weather-related extreme events. Of these, 62 per cent lived on less than USD 3 per day. However, in 2014, this income group ...
Faith Based Statements on Climate Change
... It ends with the commitments: to develop an energy fund for carbon reduction; to teach climate justice at all ages and levels of the church; to stay connected as a consortium for climate justice; to support outside initiatives aimed at emissions reduction, to provide support for people directly affe ...
... It ends with the commitments: to develop an energy fund for carbon reduction; to teach climate justice at all ages and levels of the church; to stay connected as a consortium for climate justice; to support outside initiatives aimed at emissions reduction, to provide support for people directly affe ...
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... Also, some of these measures can be considered as autonomous when carried out spontaneously by people (e.g., population movements out of floodplains, adopting flood insurance schemes, change in irrigation systems and introduction of “homemade” water harvesting infrastructures). 3. The costs of adap ...
... Also, some of these measures can be considered as autonomous when carried out spontaneously by people (e.g., population movements out of floodplains, adopting flood insurance schemes, change in irrigation systems and introduction of “homemade” water harvesting infrastructures). 3. The costs of adap ...
A Advance Edited Version Human Rights Council
... Action, a voluntary undertaking initiated by Costa Rica through which States promise to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and best practices between climate and human rights experts at the national level. Before the Paris conference, 30 countries took the pledge. Governments also examined particul ...
... Action, a voluntary undertaking initiated by Costa Rica through which States promise to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and best practices between climate and human rights experts at the national level. Before the Paris conference, 30 countries took the pledge. Governments also examined particul ...
Document
... planning. Therefore, interactive multiple-criteria model analysis has been introduced and applied to the analysis of AEZ models. It is at this level of analysis that socioeconomic considerations can effectively be taken into account, thus providing a spatial and integrated ecological–economic planni ...
... planning. Therefore, interactive multiple-criteria model analysis has been introduced and applied to the analysis of AEZ models. It is at this level of analysis that socioeconomic considerations can effectively be taken into account, thus providing a spatial and integrated ecological–economic planni ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES William D. Nordhaus
... that if we don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP or more.… Our actions now and over the ...
... that if we don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP or more.… Our actions now and over the ...
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
... from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The past decade has seen considerable progress in understanding the ocean response to volcanic aerosols in coupled models. For major volcanic eruptions, reductions in net shortwave heating lead to a drop in global annual sea surface tem ...
... from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The past decade has seen considerable progress in understanding the ocean response to volcanic aerosols in coupled models. For major volcanic eruptions, reductions in net shortwave heating lead to a drop in global annual sea surface tem ...
US-China Relations Core – Wave 2 – HSS
... an existential threat. One would think that two people in a boat on rough seas would, for selfpreservation’s sake, put aside differences and cooperate. High income countries, however, do not suffer as much from extreme weather and rising sea levels as poor countries (although the former is responsib ...
... an existential threat. One would think that two people in a boat on rough seas would, for selfpreservation’s sake, put aside differences and cooperate. High income countries, however, do not suffer as much from extreme weather and rising sea levels as poor countries (although the former is responsib ...
All Countries Need to Take Major Steps on Climate Change: Global
... South Koreans are divided (48% major to 45% modest), as are Egyptians (43% to 43%), and Russians (44% modest to 43% major). Indians favour major steps over modest ones by 37 percent to 26 percent. Only 12 percent say no steps are necessary, though large numbers do not answer (26%). Not surprisingly, ...
... South Koreans are divided (48% major to 45% modest), as are Egyptians (43% to 43%), and Russians (44% modest to 43% major). Indians favour major steps over modest ones by 37 percent to 26 percent. Only 12 percent say no steps are necessary, though large numbers do not answer (26%). Not surprisingly, ...
Climate Change and Justice: A Non-Welfarist Treaty Negotiation
... define thus: ‘all states must believe themselves better off by their lights as a result of the climate treaty’ (Posner & Weisbach, 2010, p. 6).2 They argue also that all countries (and in particular all ‘major emitting countries’) have obligations to join a climate agreement and not to free-ride (Po ...
... define thus: ‘all states must believe themselves better off by their lights as a result of the climate treaty’ (Posner & Weisbach, 2010, p. 6).2 They argue also that all countries (and in particular all ‘major emitting countries’) have obligations to join a climate agreement and not to free-ride (Po ...
Global urban land-use trends and climate impacts
... however, carbon-based aerosols absorb solar radiation and may warm the atmosphere and surface. Such warming can affect the atmospheric stability profile and thereby alter cloud and precipitation morphology. Climate–aerosol interactions are quite complex and beyond the scope of this discussion, but i ...
... however, carbon-based aerosols absorb solar radiation and may warm the atmosphere and surface. Such warming can affect the atmospheric stability profile and thereby alter cloud and precipitation morphology. Climate–aerosol interactions are quite complex and beyond the scope of this discussion, but i ...
Interactive influences of climate change and agriculture on aquatic
... salmonids (Huppert and Kantor 1998). Numerous human activities have negatively influenced water quality in the region over the last several hundred years, including logging, urban and suburban development, and agriculture (NRC 1996). The future of aquatic systems in the Pacific Northwest is predicte ...
... salmonids (Huppert and Kantor 1998). Numerous human activities have negatively influenced water quality in the region over the last several hundred years, including logging, urban and suburban development, and agriculture (NRC 1996). The future of aquatic systems in the Pacific Northwest is predicte ...
Hydroclimatic changes and drivers in the Sava River Catchment and
... changes and identification of the causes and possible longterm consequences of changing water resources. Water conditions in the world’s land areas interact constantly with natural and anthropogenic climate change (Hamlet and Lettenmaier 1999; Christensen et al. 2004; Nilsson et al. 2005; Seneviratn ...
... changes and identification of the causes and possible longterm consequences of changing water resources. Water conditions in the world’s land areas interact constantly with natural and anthropogenic climate change (Hamlet and Lettenmaier 1999; Christensen et al. 2004; Nilsson et al. 2005; Seneviratn ...
Request for CEO Endorsement - Global Environment Facility
... to the PECC as well as a combi-nation of NAMAs, which would contribute 46.5 MtCO2 eq. of emissions reduced by 2020. Although the country has been engaged in addressing climate change, additional needs have been identified. For example, in order to improve the next inventories, it is necessary to con ...
... to the PECC as well as a combi-nation of NAMAs, which would contribute 46.5 MtCO2 eq. of emissions reduced by 2020. Although the country has been engaged in addressing climate change, additional needs have been identified. For example, in order to improve the next inventories, it is necessary to con ...
Assessment of potential climate change impacts on
... types ranging from desert landscapes with sparse plant cover on the western coastal belt with high succulent dominance in the south-west, through arid shrubland and sparse woodland with C4 grasses along the escarpment, to tree-grass mixed savanna and woodland vegetation in areas of higher rainfall i ...
... types ranging from desert landscapes with sparse plant cover on the western coastal belt with high succulent dominance in the south-west, through arid shrubland and sparse woodland with C4 grasses along the escarpment, to tree-grass mixed savanna and woodland vegetation in areas of higher rainfall i ...
Overview of IACCF
... It is clear from the above that a re-assessment of the size of the wedges from those proposed in the 2004 paper is required. The gap between the WEO Reference Scenario (i.e. BAU) and the 450 Stabilisation Case amounts to 19 Gt in 2030, compared to the 7 Gt “gap” in 2054 (approximately 3.3Gt in 2030) ...
... It is clear from the above that a re-assessment of the size of the wedges from those proposed in the 2004 paper is required. The gap between the WEO Reference Scenario (i.e. BAU) and the 450 Stabilisation Case amounts to 19 Gt in 2030, compared to the 7 Gt “gap” in 2054 (approximately 3.3Gt in 2030) ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).