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... no longer be maintained through adaptation [26]. The boundaries of the adaptation frontier for a given system are difficult to define due to uncertainty regarding the capacity of systems to adapt to changes in climate, as well as the complex interactions among driving forces that influence where a s ...
... no longer be maintained through adaptation [26]. The boundaries of the adaptation frontier for a given system are difficult to define due to uncertainty regarding the capacity of systems to adapt to changes in climate, as well as the complex interactions among driving forces that influence where a s ...
fisheries management
... theses of these data have begun to shed light on how salmon and their ecosystems respond to changing climate. Pacific salmon are affected by climate change across a hierarchy of coarse and fine spatial and temporal scales; each of these scales has distinct implications for development of policy that ...
... theses of these data have begun to shed light on how salmon and their ecosystems respond to changing climate. Pacific salmon are affected by climate change across a hierarchy of coarse and fine spatial and temporal scales; each of these scales has distinct implications for development of policy that ...
Climate Change and Food In/Security: A Critical Nexus
... 3. Research Findings 3.1. How Climate Change is Affecting Food Security Although there are many factors affecting climate change, the main factor often flagged as the cause for worsening climate conditions is the increase of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The increased concentration of ...
... 3. Research Findings 3.1. How Climate Change is Affecting Food Security Although there are many factors affecting climate change, the main factor often flagged as the cause for worsening climate conditions is the increase of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The increased concentration of ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: Egypt
... climate change. The decisions that we made in Cancún put the UNFCCC process back on track, saw us agree to limit temperature rise to 2 °C and set us in the right direction for reaching a climate change deal to achieve this. However, we still have considerable work to do and I believe that key econom ...
... climate change. The decisions that we made in Cancún put the UNFCCC process back on track, saw us agree to limit temperature rise to 2 °C and set us in the right direction for reaching a climate change deal to achieve this. However, we still have considerable work to do and I believe that key econom ...
Bytes of Note: Climate Change and the Cryosphere
... &sd=15&sy=2007 for satellite image comparisons of 2007 and 1980). Mountain snowpack across the western United States, measured manually (http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ snowcourse/sc-hist.html) and with automated snowpack telemetry stations (http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snotel and http://www.wrcc.dri. ...
... &sd=15&sy=2007 for satellite image comparisons of 2007 and 1980). Mountain snowpack across the western United States, measured manually (http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ snowcourse/sc-hist.html) and with automated snowpack telemetry stations (http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snotel and http://www.wrcc.dri. ...
Historical and Idealized Climate Model Experiments: An EMIC
... community contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. Historical simulations start at 850 CE and continue through to 2005. The standard simulations include changes in forcing from solar luminosity, Earth’s orbital configuration, CO2, additional greenhouse g ...
... community contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. Historical simulations start at 850 CE and continue through to 2005. The standard simulations include changes in forcing from solar luminosity, Earth’s orbital configuration, CO2, additional greenhouse g ...
Assessment of Climate Variability Impact on Water Resources within
... economy (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007). The IPCC described climate change as a significant long-term shift or change in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators which usually persist for decades or even lo ...
... economy (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007). The IPCC described climate change as a significant long-term shift or change in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators which usually persist for decades or even lo ...
Estimating Effects of Tidal Power Projects and Climate Change on
... to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. We considered how tidal power development and stressors resulting from climate change may affect Puget Sound species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) and their food web. We used risk tables to assess the singular and combined ...
... to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. We considered how tidal power development and stressors resulting from climate change may affect Puget Sound species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) and their food web. We used risk tables to assess the singular and combined ...
Simulated interannual variation in summertime atmospheric
... observed sea surface temperature (SST) of recent 20 years as a lower boundary condition. The spatial pattern associated with the first principal mode of observation of geopotential height at 500 hPa is characterized by a meridional wavy pattern extending over eastern Siberia, the vicinity of Japan a ...
... observed sea surface temperature (SST) of recent 20 years as a lower boundary condition. The spatial pattern associated with the first principal mode of observation of geopotential height at 500 hPa is characterized by a meridional wavy pattern extending over eastern Siberia, the vicinity of Japan a ...
From headwater tributaries to international river
... D. Conway / Global Environmental Change 15 (2005) 99–114 ...
... D. Conway / Global Environmental Change 15 (2005) 99–114 ...
Impacts of climate change on vegetation distribution. No. 1
... In contrast to Claussen and Esch (1994), Kirilenko and Solomon (1998) conducted their simulation for different time slices. Wooded tundra, steppe and desert vegetation are predicted to begin to migrate during the first 50 years of simulation, while changes in forest vegetation appear first during ye ...
... In contrast to Claussen and Esch (1994), Kirilenko and Solomon (1998) conducted their simulation for different time slices. Wooded tundra, steppe and desert vegetation are predicted to begin to migrate during the first 50 years of simulation, while changes in forest vegetation appear first during ye ...
Text - Reading`s CentAUR
... chemical ozone loss. The resulting changes in ozone would then alter the zonal mean temperature (through radiation) and zonal wind (through thermal wind balance), which could in turn affect wave propagation and the residual circulation. Since changes in both GHGs and ODSs are required for this to ha ...
... chemical ozone loss. The resulting changes in ozone would then alter the zonal mean temperature (through radiation) and zonal wind (through thermal wind balance), which could in turn affect wave propagation and the residual circulation. Since changes in both GHGs and ODSs are required for this to ha ...
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... exercise. In this article we regress long-run migration patterns of households on climatic conditions and on other control variables. The advantage of this method is that it fully accounts for adaptation to the present climate. The set of adaptation options is large. In a rural setting, as in Ghana ...
... exercise. In this article we regress long-run migration patterns of households on climatic conditions and on other control variables. The advantage of this method is that it fully accounts for adaptation to the present climate. The set of adaptation options is large. In a rural setting, as in Ghana ...
Garamvölgyi - Climate change - Applied Ecology and Environmental
... In contrast to Claussen and Esch (1994), Kirilenko and Solomon (1998) conducted their simulation for different time slices. Wooded tundra, steppe and desert vegetation are predicted to begin to migrate during the first 50 years of simulation, while changes in forest vegetation appear first during ye ...
... In contrast to Claussen and Esch (1994), Kirilenko and Solomon (1998) conducted their simulation for different time slices. Wooded tundra, steppe and desert vegetation are predicted to begin to migrate during the first 50 years of simulation, while changes in forest vegetation appear first during ye ...
Working Paper 171 - Steeves and Surminski 2014 (opens in new window)
... While there are a range of theoretical frameworks through which researchers are looking at private sector adaptation (see section 2), our investigation adopts an organisational approach, widely applied to adaptation case studies, which considers adaptation as the result of adjustments to organisatio ...
... While there are a range of theoretical frameworks through which researchers are looking at private sector adaptation (see section 2), our investigation adopts an organisational approach, widely applied to adaptation case studies, which considers adaptation as the result of adjustments to organisatio ...
Understanding Farmers` Perceptions and Adaptations to
... Adaptation is widely recognized as a vital component of any policy response to climate change. Studies show that without adaptation, climate change is generally detrimental to the agriculture sector; but with adaptation, vulnerability can largely be reduced (Easterling et al. 1993; Rosenzweig and Pa ...
... Adaptation is widely recognized as a vital component of any policy response to climate change. Studies show that without adaptation, climate change is generally detrimental to the agriculture sector; but with adaptation, vulnerability can largely be reduced (Easterling et al. 1993; Rosenzweig and Pa ...
Climate extremes indices in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: Part 2
... Received 5 July 2012; revised 1 November 2012; accepted 1 November 2012; published 25 March 2013. ...
... Received 5 July 2012; revised 1 November 2012; accepted 1 November 2012; published 25 March 2013. ...
The impact of climate change on global river flow in HadGEM1
... in predicted changes in river flow were observed (Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b)). For the 2071–2100 period, significant decreases in river flow were predicted for large areas of the globe, including southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, northern South America and Midwest USA. In contrast, la ...
... in predicted changes in river flow were observed (Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b)). For the 2071–2100 period, significant decreases in river flow were predicted for large areas of the globe, including southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, northern South America and Midwest USA. In contrast, la ...
A Tale of Two Carbon Sinks - Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law
... however, these channels of governance and diplomacy have fallen short of expectations in significant respects in the past two decades. For example, the refusal of the United States to become a member of the Kyoto Protocol1 has severely undermined the effectiveness of this global greenhouse gas emiss ...
... however, these channels of governance and diplomacy have fallen short of expectations in significant respects in the past two decades. For example, the refusal of the United States to become a member of the Kyoto Protocol1 has severely undermined the effectiveness of this global greenhouse gas emiss ...
International Geographical Union Regional Conference, Chile 2011
... biosphere reserves. Protected areas, both terrestrial and marine, have been designated to conserve biodiversity and to protect migratory species. India has 93 National Parks and 485 sanctuaries for protecting various forms of wild life. This list includes 5 Marine National Parks as well. The Forest ...
... biosphere reserves. Protected areas, both terrestrial and marine, have been designated to conserve biodiversity and to protect migratory species. India has 93 National Parks and 485 sanctuaries for protecting various forms of wild life. This list includes 5 Marine National Parks as well. The Forest ...
Business Plan - Central Victorian Greenhouse Alliance
... The Alliance will be accountable for the delivery of KPI’s in the following three priority areas: 1. Member capacity-building and projects Develop projects and services that help build the capacity of member organisations effectively address issues relating to climate change with a special focus on: ...
... The Alliance will be accountable for the delivery of KPI’s in the following three priority areas: 1. Member capacity-building and projects Develop projects and services that help build the capacity of member organisations effectively address issues relating to climate change with a special focus on: ...
ISSN 1392-2785 Inzinerine Ekonomika
... context of climate change as fundamental factor of effective development of organizations is fragmentary. There was no research made until now, the results of which could set the background for preparation and effective implementation of the economically justified complex solutions for corporate str ...
... context of climate change as fundamental factor of effective development of organizations is fragmentary. There was no research made until now, the results of which could set the background for preparation and effective implementation of the economically justified complex solutions for corporate str ...
Impact of Population Growth and Climate Change on the Freshwater
... of drinking water. Despite this, there is little quantitative information on groundwater resources on the continent, with groundwater storage capacity being consequently omitted from freshwater availability assessment reports [18]. When considering groundwater resources in areas bordering seas, coas ...
... of drinking water. Despite this, there is little quantitative information on groundwater resources on the continent, with groundwater storage capacity being consequently omitted from freshwater availability assessment reports [18]. When considering groundwater resources in areas bordering seas, coas ...
Workshop Report - Ontario Centre for Climate Impacts and
... temperatures in the winter and spring, increased variability in the weather (range of temperature change in one day) and an increase in wind. The area has experienced milder and shorter winters. Over the last few years the snow has been very heavy (i.e. lots of moisture in the snow). Like the other ...
... temperatures in the winter and spring, increased variability in the weather (range of temperature change in one day) and an increase in wind. The area has experienced milder and shorter winters. Over the last few years the snow has been very heavy (i.e. lots of moisture in the snow). Like the other ...
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... After more than a decade in opposition, the win by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) at the 2007 federal election focuses attention on their preelection policies. The paper summarises policies for primary industries, including the resources and seafood sectors; indicates program and policy funding wh ...
... After more than a decade in opposition, the win by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) at the 2007 federal election focuses attention on their preelection policies. The paper summarises policies for primary industries, including the resources and seafood sectors; indicates program and policy funding wh ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).