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... After more than a decade in opposition, the win by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) at the 2007 federal election focuses attention on their preelection policies. The paper summarises policies for primary industries, including the resources and seafood sectors; indicates program and policy funding wh ...
Entire Report  - Center for Climate and Energy
Entire Report - Center for Climate and Energy

... greenhouse gases. Compared to a particular reduction achieved by CO2 cuts alone, inclusion of the nonCO2 abatement options available could reduce the carbon-equivalent price of such a policy by two-thirds. This large contribution of the non-CO2 gases, and their potential effect on lowering the cost ...
Impact of Population Growth and Climate Change on the Freshwater
Impact of Population Growth and Climate Change on the Freshwater

... of drinking water. Despite this, there is little quantitative information on groundwater resources on the continent, with groundwater storage capacity being consequently omitted from freshwater availability assessment reports [18]. When considering groundwater resources in areas bordering seas, coas ...
CESifo Working Paper 3959
CESifo Working Paper 3959

... that the assignment of specific adaptation measures to the private or public sphere depends on the impact zone of the respective adaptation measures (i.e., whether the adaptation measure is limited to single private decision makers, localities, regions or countries). Many adaptation activities gene ...
Investing for the climate in Asia
Investing for the climate in Asia

... Against the backdrop of extreme weather events disrupting economic activity and causing hazards across the Asia Pacific, the Paris Climate Agreement was a landmark deal in the fight against climate change. The nations of the world came together to state their commitments to reducing greenhouse gas e ...
Incorporating climate change and growth into the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction (opens in new window)
Incorporating climate change and growth into the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction (opens in new window)

... (UNISDR, 2007), it has also been associated with an accumulation of assets in hazard-prone (typically, urban) areas. Population growth similarly increases exposure. In a much richer, more populous world, it may be little wonder then that losses are rising (Hallegatte, 2011). But, surprisingly, in ma ...
Climate change and water in south Asia
Climate change and water in south Asia

... Observed monsoon rainfall declines since the mid‐20th century have been attributed to  increased aerosol loads.   Future projections indicate continued warming, however precipitation changes are less certain.  Most GCMs project increased monsoon precipitation driven by atmospheric‐oceanic circulati ...
THE PLEDGE PROJECT Overview - Red Cross Red Crescent
THE PLEDGE PROJECT Overview - Red Cross Red Crescent

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- CSIRO Publishing

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Projecting climate change impacts on species distributions in

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TK Biocultural systems and CC Final

... further adapted by farmers, sometimes by crossing them with landraces), farmermaintained landraces and formally conserved landraces. So far, more than 200 varieties have been used in trials at the Guangxi Maize Research Institute station and in the villages. Based on 10 years of experimentation, 6 f ...
Queensland Climate Adaptation Directions Statement
Queensland Climate Adaptation Directions Statement

... natural disasters across the state, including flooding, tropical cyclones, multi-year droughts and severe storms. The climate projections1 over the next few decades suggest Queensland will become warmer and drier with increased average temperatures and higher evaporation. The model projections show ...
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Socio-economic implications of climate change for tea producing countries

... Evidence suggests that GHGs are causing global warming and climate change. While GHGs occur naturally, direct or indirect human activities have intensified their emission into the atmosphere. ...
Projecting climate change impacts on species distributions in
Projecting climate change impacts on species distributions in

... be required to guide conservation planning and adaptation. This is especially true in Mediterranean type ecosystems that are projected to be among the most significantly affected by anthropogenic climate change, and show the highest levels of confidence in rainfall projections. Multiple methods are ...
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Communicating climate change – Learning from business

... As individuals ”do not have a set of socially accepted beliefs on climate change” (Hoffman 2012: 32), any attempt to understand and interpret climate change knowledge requires a thorough ”political, economic, social, and legal debate over values and beliefs” through which social consensus emerges (H ...
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

... The largest people displacements of world history occurred during the twentieth century, as a consequence of major political clashes and transitions. The Russian Revolution of 1917 led approximately 1.5 million Russians who opposed to communism to flee off their homes. In the Caucasus, more than one ...
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Effects of climate change and seed dispersal on airborne ragweed

... Europe because current loads are small and any increase will be significant, whereas in south/central Europe current loads are high. However, in absolute numbers, the increase in the latter areas can be larger, which represents higher risk for the population. Alternative sensitivity simulations were ...
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Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels

... Numerous long-term ecological changes have been attributed to climate change1. Shifts in the ...
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Systems thinking methodology in researching the

A Meta-Analysis Essay on the Environmental Resistance Movement
A Meta-Analysis Essay on the Environmental Resistance Movement

... then goes on to explain that the skeptics have no science on their side at all, and that their attacks are directed towards scientists because there are no solid arguments against the science. This research is important, because it discredits skeptic “science” and creates a political frame for the m ...
19 Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change Coordinating Lead Authors:
19 Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change Coordinating Lead Authors:

... variability and climate change are more likely to be adversely affected in the near future by projected changes in climate and increases in the magnitude and/or frequency of already damaging extreme events. ...
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Communication for Climate Change Multi

... The overall aim of the Communication for Climate Change MDTF is to complement World Bankfinanced operations and initiatives on climate change, by advancing the theory and practice of communication for development in support of climate change awareness. The main objectives of the MDTF are to: • Raise ...
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6 Vegetation Responses to Climate Change in the Alps: Modeling

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Written submissions received for the Adapting to Climate Change in

... and Cabinet will be releasing a 2020 Climate Change Strategy (the Strategy) in late 2013. To inform adaptation responses for inclusion in the Strategy, community consultation was undertaken by the TCCO in late 2012. The consultation focussed on six priority areas: human settlements and infrastructur ...
Trees and Climate Change
Trees and Climate Change

... inevitable due to past emissions. • We can expect a further rise in temperature of 2°C (above the 1961 to 1990 baseline) by 2100 even if we decrease our carbon dioxide emissions dramatically. • If no action is taken now, the rise in temperature could be as high as 7°C by 2100. • The growing season h ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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