PDF
... Climate change and the proposed Murray-Darling Basin Plan both result in less water for irrigation. Climate change is projected to take water from all uses including the environment, whereas the likely sustainable diversion limit in the Plan aims (amongst other things) to return water to the environ ...
... Climate change and the proposed Murray-Darling Basin Plan both result in less water for irrigation. Climate change is projected to take water from all uses including the environment, whereas the likely sustainable diversion limit in the Plan aims (amongst other things) to return water to the environ ...
A comment on climate change, conflict and forced migration
... While weather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, climate is the average state of weather over time and space. Mean temperature and the seasonal cycle in temperature over large areas are the clearest signals of change in the climate. Another important indicator is the amount and pattern of ra ...
... While weather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, climate is the average state of weather over time and space. Mean temperature and the seasonal cycle in temperature over large areas are the clearest signals of change in the climate. Another important indicator is the amount and pattern of ra ...
Global Warming and the Free State
... stable for the past 6,000 years. Around these longterm average conditions, there have, of course, been variations in temperature and precipitation due to ocean current cycles and solar and volcanic activity. However, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases—gases, such as carbon dioxide, metha ...
... stable for the past 6,000 years. Around these longterm average conditions, there have, of course, been variations in temperature and precipitation due to ocean current cycles and solar and volcanic activity. However, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases—gases, such as carbon dioxide, metha ...
Climate projections: Past performance no guarantee of future skill?
... question arises of how to make a best estimate prediction of future temperature change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) combines the results of the available models to form an ensemble average, giving all models equal weight. Other studies argue in ...
... question arises of how to make a best estimate prediction of future temperature change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) combines the results of the available models to form an ensemble average, giving all models equal weight. Other studies argue in ...
Nature Communications Review Integrating Pliocene Geological
... change, and altered patterns of surface temperature and precipitation. The synergy between both communities is identifying challenges and methodological improvements to meet those challenges in order to enhance our understanding of global change. ...
... change, and altered patterns of surface temperature and precipitation. The synergy between both communities is identifying challenges and methodological improvements to meet those challenges in order to enhance our understanding of global change. ...
besugo NAO-authors - Instituto Español de Oceanografía
... of animal protein was recently emphasized in a Food and Agriculture Organization report (FAO, 2010). Sev� eral studies (e.g. Thurstan et al., 2010) have suggested that over the last decade, 88% of monitored marine fish stocks in EU waters have been overfished, and some authors have predicted a globa ...
... of animal protein was recently emphasized in a Food and Agriculture Organization report (FAO, 2010). Sev� eral studies (e.g. Thurstan et al., 2010) have suggested that over the last decade, 88% of monitored marine fish stocks in EU waters have been overfished, and some authors have predicted a globa ...
2. Scope of a possible GMES Climate Change Contribution
... To improve the development of adaptation strategies, high-resolution, tailor-made climate change scenarios at the regional or even local levels are needed, and at the appropriate scale. Thus the above requirements on the past to present state of the climate system will in principle also apply to for ...
... To improve the development of adaptation strategies, high-resolution, tailor-made climate change scenarios at the regional or even local levels are needed, and at the appropriate scale. Thus the above requirements on the past to present state of the climate system will in principle also apply to for ...
Climate Change and Brisbane Biodiversity
... The opportunities for plants to migrate into Brisbane are severely compromised by habitat fragmentation and the rapid rate of climate change. Plants will most often be replaced by hardier local plants or by weeds. The end result will be far more weed invasion in Brisbane reserves. This kind of scena ...
... The opportunities for plants to migrate into Brisbane are severely compromised by habitat fragmentation and the rapid rate of climate change. Plants will most often be replaced by hardier local plants or by weeds. The end result will be far more weed invasion in Brisbane reserves. This kind of scena ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... during 1974 to 1995. Growth rates during the last decade of available data have increased to a higher rate of 0.63 percent, and this difference in growth rates is statistically significant. California’s energy system faces several challenges in attempting to meet future demand (California Energy Comm ...
... during 1974 to 1995. Growth rates during the last decade of available data have increased to a higher rate of 0.63 percent, and this difference in growth rates is statistically significant. California’s energy system faces several challenges in attempting to meet future demand (California Energy Comm ...
Costly Misinformed Diagnosis
... stated that when the ―Costly Diagnosis‖ report came out, it ―caused quite a stir in our department.‖ Upon a detailed review of the document, Friends of Science found that certain facts concerning coal were negatively misrepresented by the Pembina Institute. Pembina claimed coal-fired plants contribu ...
... stated that when the ―Costly Diagnosis‖ report came out, it ―caused quite a stir in our department.‖ Upon a detailed review of the document, Friends of Science found that certain facts concerning coal were negatively misrepresented by the Pembina Institute. Pembina claimed coal-fired plants contribu ...
Climate policy convergence in Europe: an assessment based on
... policy convergence, especially since climate policy was launched as an international issue right from the start. In addition, we also consider domestic factors, particularly to explain variation and divergence in climate policies and measures. Introducing an effective climate policy requires the inv ...
... policy convergence, especially since climate policy was launched as an international issue right from the start. In addition, we also consider domestic factors, particularly to explain variation and divergence in climate policies and measures. Introducing an effective climate policy requires the inv ...
Macedonia: National Climate Vulnerability Assessment
... The reviewers of the “Report on Climate Vulnerability Assessment on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia”: Prof. Dr. Stojan Kuzev, Professor at the European University - Republic of Macedonia, “, reviewer, Prof. Dr Drage Petreski, Associate Professor at the Military Academy “General Mihailo Ap ...
... The reviewers of the “Report on Climate Vulnerability Assessment on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia”: Prof. Dr. Stojan Kuzev, Professor at the European University - Republic of Macedonia, “, reviewer, Prof. Dr Drage Petreski, Associate Professor at the Military Academy “General Mihailo Ap ...
lepidoptera larvae as an indicator of multi
... Pitfall traps (top) were only located in the control and early snowmelt plots. The experiment included control, early snowmelt, increased temperature, and early snowmelt combined with increased temperature plots. Effects of early snowmelt, increased temperature, sampling period and all their interac ...
... Pitfall traps (top) were only located in the control and early snowmelt plots. The experiment included control, early snowmelt, increased temperature, and early snowmelt combined with increased temperature plots. Effects of early snowmelt, increased temperature, sampling period and all their interac ...
ipcc – saving the climate is possible
... life by 30 years. WWF's research had found that the plant which produces more than 17 million tonnes of CO2 per year is one of the most polluting in the industrialized world. The case argued that the greenhouse gas impact of extending the plant's life needed to be considered. The Victorian Civil and ...
... life by 30 years. WWF's research had found that the plant which produces more than 17 million tonnes of CO2 per year is one of the most polluting in the industrialized world. The case argued that the greenhouse gas impact of extending the plant's life needed to be considered. The Victorian Civil and ...
Self-Governance and Peer Review in Science-for
... co-chairs have broad discretion to define this process and set time limits for it. Nowhere do IPCC rules explicitly address the question of when a report chapter becomes final (i.e., when all changes must cease). Therefore, Santer et al. correctly understood that the Working Group Chairs and the Ple ...
... co-chairs have broad discretion to define this process and set time limits for it. Nowhere do IPCC rules explicitly address the question of when a report chapter becomes final (i.e., when all changes must cease). Therefore, Santer et al. correctly understood that the Working Group Chairs and the Ple ...
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE
... The Pacific Islands Action Plan was used as a pilot by GCOS therefore many activities have already been implemented. Although less advanced in its implementation, the Action Plan for Latin America and the Caribbean has also prompted activities which will increase the effectiveness of observations in ...
... The Pacific Islands Action Plan was used as a pilot by GCOS therefore many activities have already been implemented. Although less advanced in its implementation, the Action Plan for Latin America and the Caribbean has also prompted activities which will increase the effectiveness of observations in ...
Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap
... the Middle East), similar to changes obtained for sulfates. Note that although only the BC emissions from fossil/biofuel sources are different between the simulations used here, small differences in aerosol concentrations do occur, most notably for sulfate. These are due to feedbacks to aerosols (es ...
... the Middle East), similar to changes obtained for sulfates. Note that although only the BC emissions from fossil/biofuel sources are different between the simulations used here, small differences in aerosol concentrations do occur, most notably for sulfate. These are due to feedbacks to aerosols (es ...
Adaptation planning for climate change
... mutually reinforcing (e.g. planting trees to provide additional shade in warming regions) but they can also work against each other (e.g. increasing air-conditioning powered by fossil fuels to cope with rising temperatures). There has recently been much political interest in integrating the two opti ...
... mutually reinforcing (e.g. planting trees to provide additional shade in warming regions) but they can also work against each other (e.g. increasing air-conditioning powered by fossil fuels to cope with rising temperatures). There has recently been much political interest in integrating the two opti ...
Environmental and Climate Change in Latin America and the
... provide incentives for sustainable management of the resources or increased productivity, and therefore exacerbates poverty and environmental degradation. Positive trends in recent years include a diversification of policies with improvements in the instruments, education efforts and increased parti ...
... provide incentives for sustainable management of the resources or increased productivity, and therefore exacerbates poverty and environmental degradation. Positive trends in recent years include a diversification of policies with improvements in the instruments, education efforts and increased parti ...
April Cover.qxd - KNAW Research Portal
... value of 385 ppm, a level that far exceeds that of the natural range of the past 650 000 years. Atmospheric CO2 levels are expected to rise further, to ~750 ppm by the year 2100 (Solomon et al. 2007). The rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases is accompanied by global warming. ...
... value of 385 ppm, a level that far exceeds that of the natural range of the past 650 000 years. Atmospheric CO2 levels are expected to rise further, to ~750 ppm by the year 2100 (Solomon et al. 2007). The rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases is accompanied by global warming. ...
International Climate Technology Strategies The Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements
... technologies includes those for increased energy efficiency, renewable energy, nuclear power, and CO2 capture and storage. Alongside strategies aimed directly at GHG emissions—such as emission targets in an international context or domestic GHG cap-and-trade systems or taxes— much discussion has the ...
... technologies includes those for increased energy efficiency, renewable energy, nuclear power, and CO2 capture and storage. Alongside strategies aimed directly at GHG emissions—such as emission targets in an international context or domestic GHG cap-and-trade systems or taxes— much discussion has the ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: Egypt
... climate change. The decisions that we made in Cancún put the UNFCCC process back on track, saw us agree to limit temperature rise to 2 °C and set us in the right direction for reaching a climate change deal to achieve this. However, we still have considerable work to do and I believe that key econom ...
... climate change. The decisions that we made in Cancún put the UNFCCC process back on track, saw us agree to limit temperature rise to 2 °C and set us in the right direction for reaching a climate change deal to achieve this. However, we still have considerable work to do and I believe that key econom ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).