Climate Change and Adaptation in Muskoka
... C02 levels have now risen by 110 parts per million, an increase of 39 % over preindustrial levels of 280 parts per million, with two-thirds of that increase occurring in the past 50 years; C02 levels are now 30 per cent higher than at any time over the last 650,000 years, and the rate of rise is unp ...
... C02 levels have now risen by 110 parts per million, an increase of 39 % over preindustrial levels of 280 parts per million, with two-thirds of that increase occurring in the past 50 years; C02 levels are now 30 per cent higher than at any time over the last 650,000 years, and the rate of rise is unp ...
Risk, uncertainty and the institutional geographies of
... ambiguity, ignorance, surprise and indeterminacy, as a term for qualifying our knowledge about the world and its dynamics (Stirling, 2007; Wynne, 1992). Thus Knight (1921) classically distinguished risk, where the probability and impacts of an event occurring are known in advance so that expected ga ...
... ambiguity, ignorance, surprise and indeterminacy, as a term for qualifying our knowledge about the world and its dynamics (Stirling, 2007; Wynne, 1992). Thus Knight (1921) classically distinguished risk, where the probability and impacts of an event occurring are known in advance so that expected ga ...
Author`s personal copy - Santa Clara University
... 18.3 °C (WRCC 2011; Fig. 2). As a result, streamflow is highly seasonal, with most of the winter precipitation arriving as snowmelt-derived streamflow during the months of April through August. 2.2 Hydrologic model SWAT is a continuous-time, quasi-physically based, distributed watershed model design ...
... 18.3 °C (WRCC 2011; Fig. 2). As a result, streamflow is highly seasonal, with most of the winter precipitation arriving as snowmelt-derived streamflow during the months of April through August. 2.2 Hydrologic model SWAT is a continuous-time, quasi-physically based, distributed watershed model design ...
Smith et al. 2008
... lepida (the desert woodrat) is much smaller (∼85–240 g) and found in low elevation xeric sites from extreme southeast Oregon and southern Idaho, through Nevada, California, and Baja California and surrounding islands in Mexico (Hall, 1981). In contrast, N. cinerea (the busytailed woodrat) is a large ...
... lepida (the desert woodrat) is much smaller (∼85–240 g) and found in low elevation xeric sites from extreme southeast Oregon and southern Idaho, through Nevada, California, and Baja California and surrounding islands in Mexico (Hall, 1981). In contrast, N. cinerea (the busytailed woodrat) is a large ...
drainage development in a changing environment:overview
... dramatically in the last half century. In the older irrigated lands of the temperate zone groundwater levels have risen to produce waterlogging in many areas. In arid climates this process has caused excessive salinity buildup in crop root zones and created yield reductions or caused land abandonmen ...
... dramatically in the last half century. In the older irrigated lands of the temperate zone groundwater levels have risen to produce waterlogging in many areas. In arid climates this process has caused excessive salinity buildup in crop root zones and created yield reductions or caused land abandonmen ...
Marine Ecosystem Sensitivity to Climate Change
... records provide a relatively short time series compared to the instrumental records from more temperate regions of the world, which span more than 100 years. Both warming and cooling trends have been reported for some Antarctic continental regions (Rogers 1983, Taylor et al. 1990, Weatherly et al. 1 ...
... records provide a relatively short time series compared to the instrumental records from more temperate regions of the world, which span more than 100 years. Both warming and cooling trends have been reported for some Antarctic continental regions (Rogers 1983, Taylor et al. 1990, Weatherly et al. 1 ...
Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting
... Chemical breakdown of rocks, weathering, is an important but very slow part of the carbon cycle that ultimately leads to CO2 being locked up in carbonates on the ocean floor. Artificial acceleration of this carbon sink via distribution of pulverized silicate rocks across terrestrial landscapes may h ...
... Chemical breakdown of rocks, weathering, is an important but very slow part of the carbon cycle that ultimately leads to CO2 being locked up in carbonates on the ocean floor. Artificial acceleration of this carbon sink via distribution of pulverized silicate rocks across terrestrial landscapes may h ...
The amplitude and phasing of climate change during the last
... and by inference salinity, between the western and eastern equatorial Pacific indicates that similar extratropical-tropical interactions also occurred on millennial time-scales. [10] Studies of SST change in tropical regions since the LGM suggest a spatially inhomogeneous initiation of rapid deglaci ...
... and by inference salinity, between the western and eastern equatorial Pacific indicates that similar extratropical-tropical interactions also occurred on millennial time-scales. [10] Studies of SST change in tropical regions since the LGM suggest a spatially inhomogeneous initiation of rapid deglaci ...
The Kyoto Protocol: A Review and Perspectives
... for helpful comments. Regarding any remaining inadequacies, the usual caveat applies. ...
... for helpful comments. Regarding any remaining inadequacies, the usual caveat applies. ...
Lecture 2 FINAL DRAFT
... planning tools are best suited to the task. Reticence on the part of the public and stakeholders would be countered by providing more and better scientific information showing the expected climate change and associated risks (this is the so-called ‘deficit-model’ of science-for-policy). The reality ...
... planning tools are best suited to the task. Reticence on the part of the public and stakeholders would be countered by providing more and better scientific information showing the expected climate change and associated risks (this is the so-called ‘deficit-model’ of science-for-policy). The reality ...
A Complex Constellation: Displacement, Climate Change and Arctic
... GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND MOBILITY (MIGRATION, DISPLACEMENT AND RELOCATIONS In 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the greatest single impact of climate change might be on human migration.8 The report estimated that by 20 ...
... GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND MOBILITY (MIGRATION, DISPLACEMENT AND RELOCATIONS In 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the greatest single impact of climate change might be on human migration.8 The report estimated that by 20 ...
Is it Colonial Déjà Vu? Indigenous Peoples and Climate Injustice
... specifically about different kinds of anthropogenic environmental change. That is, humaninduced alterations in the environment can range from the ‘anthropogenic’ change involved with cultivating landscapes in a seasonal round to that involved at earth system scales with the massive amounts of burnin ...
... specifically about different kinds of anthropogenic environmental change. That is, humaninduced alterations in the environment can range from the ‘anthropogenic’ change involved with cultivating landscapes in a seasonal round to that involved at earth system scales with the massive amounts of burnin ...
14 Historic and Likely Future Impacts of Climate Change on Lake
... The 20-year running average for that case reached a maximum of 114 cm year−1 in 2060, and then dropped to a minimum of 79 cm year−1 in 2098. The PCM results, however, did not show major changes in future precipitation in the basin (see Coats et al . in press for more detail). Changes in the form of ...
... The 20-year running average for that case reached a maximum of 114 cm year−1 in 2060, and then dropped to a minimum of 79 cm year−1 in 2098. The PCM results, however, did not show major changes in future precipitation in the basin (see Coats et al . in press for more detail). Changes in the form of ...
Spatial and Temporal Responses of Soil Erosion to Climate Change
... relationships between monthly precipitation and rainfall erosivity to assess potential changes in rainfall erosivity in the USA. The study found that the changes were significant, but results from the two models differed both in magnitude and regional distributions. Zhang et al. [3] used HadCM3 to a ...
... relationships between monthly precipitation and rainfall erosivity to assess potential changes in rainfall erosivity in the USA. The study found that the changes were significant, but results from the two models differed both in magnitude and regional distributions. Zhang et al. [3] used HadCM3 to a ...
The Psychological Distance of Climate Change
... been using the terms “scepticism” and “uncertainty” interchangeably and, to compound confusion, there is also uncertainty over scepticism, for example, perceived agreement amongst scientists, and scepticism over uncertainty, for example, perceptions of what is knowable about the future. Here, we wil ...
... been using the terms “scepticism” and “uncertainty” interchangeably and, to compound confusion, there is also uncertainty over scepticism, for example, perceived agreement amongst scientists, and scepticism over uncertainty, for example, perceptions of what is knowable about the future. Here, we wil ...
Climate Change and US Interests
... the United States will fare better than most other countries has led some commentators to advance the climate change winner argument, claiming that it is irrational for the United States to take unilateral steps to mitigate climate change or to participate in a globally optimal international agreeme ...
... the United States will fare better than most other countries has led some commentators to advance the climate change winner argument, claiming that it is irrational for the United States to take unilateral steps to mitigate climate change or to participate in a globally optimal international agreeme ...
Climate Change in the Western United States Grape Growing Regions
... seasons, driven mostly by changes in minimum temperatures, with greater heat accumulation, a decline in frost frequency that is most significant in the spring, earlier last spring frosts, later first fall frosts, and longer frost-free periods. While many of these trends may have been beneficial to g ...
... seasons, driven mostly by changes in minimum temperatures, with greater heat accumulation, a decline in frost frequency that is most significant in the spring, earlier last spring frosts, later first fall frosts, and longer frost-free periods. While many of these trends may have been beneficial to g ...
- Wiley Online Library
... fog is consistently increased in a warmer climate, for a given horizontal surface temperature advection. It is also confirmed that the contribution of changes in marine fog to cloud feedback is not negligible, but is small. Keywords: ...
... fog is consistently increased in a warmer climate, for a given horizontal surface temperature advection. It is also confirmed that the contribution of changes in marine fog to cloud feedback is not negligible, but is small. Keywords: ...
Networks Near and Far - International Studies Association
... climate change in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) usage refers to “a change in the state of the climate that can be identified, using statistical tests, by changes in the mean and/or ...
... climate change in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) usage refers to “a change in the state of the climate that can be identified, using statistical tests, by changes in the mean and/or ...
Sudan`s INDC
... amongst the most vulnerable countries to the adverse effects of climate change. As such, adaptation is the first and overriding priority of Sudan’s climate actions and hence constitutes a major part of Sudan’s INDC. Sudan’s A-INDC is informed by and builds on its current commitments under Article 4. ...
... amongst the most vulnerable countries to the adverse effects of climate change. As such, adaptation is the first and overriding priority of Sudan’s climate actions and hence constitutes a major part of Sudan’s INDC. Sudan’s A-INDC is informed by and builds on its current commitments under Article 4. ...
Permafrost-and-Climate
... However the resource, where specified below, contains other 3rd party materials under their own licenses. The licenses and attributions are outlined below: 1. From Slide 11 – Illustration of permafrost migration in response to climate change from: French, H.M. 2007. The Periglacial Environment (3rd ...
... However the resource, where specified below, contains other 3rd party materials under their own licenses. The licenses and attributions are outlined below: 1. From Slide 11 – Illustration of permafrost migration in response to climate change from: French, H.M. 2007. The Periglacial Environment (3rd ...
severe weather
... which include heavy precipitation, droughts, heat-waves, floods and storms. Our ability to predict the weather with any confidence for more than a few weeks is currently limited.1 Severe weather events are likely to increase in the near future and pose an increasing threat to food security (see box ...
... which include heavy precipitation, droughts, heat-waves, floods and storms. Our ability to predict the weather with any confidence for more than a few weeks is currently limited.1 Severe weather events are likely to increase in the near future and pose an increasing threat to food security (see box ...
Climate Change and Hunger - Responding to the Challenge
... Knowledge about the impact of climate change on hunger has evolved significantly over the last 15 years. Initial studies1 concluded that decreases in yields of wheat, rice and maize caused by increased heat and water stress would be greatest in developing countries, and projected these decreases to ...
... Knowledge about the impact of climate change on hunger has evolved significantly over the last 15 years. Initial studies1 concluded that decreases in yields of wheat, rice and maize caused by increased heat and water stress would be greatest in developing countries, and projected these decreases to ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).