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DEFINING THE ROLE OF THE SHP2 PROTEIN TYROSINE
... cell growth factor in vivo5. However, many other cytokines and growth factors have been shown to promote development and determine the exact phenotype of the resulting mast cells in vitro5. The Kit receptor is expressed on the surface of mast cells through all stages of development9. SCF is constitu ...
... cell growth factor in vivo5. However, many other cytokines and growth factors have been shown to promote development and determine the exact phenotype of the resulting mast cells in vitro5. The Kit receptor is expressed on the surface of mast cells through all stages of development9. SCF is constitu ...
Cellular Physiology of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle
... this type of smooth muscle, gap junctions pennit electrical communication between neighboring cells. This communication allows coordinated contraction of many cells. Becausethese cells contract as a single unit, this type of smooth muscle is called unitary smooth muscle (Fig. 928). Unitary smooth mu ...
... this type of smooth muscle, gap junctions pennit electrical communication between neighboring cells. This communication allows coordinated contraction of many cells. Becausethese cells contract as a single unit, this type of smooth muscle is called unitary smooth muscle (Fig. 928). Unitary smooth mu ...
12 Autophagy as a defence against intracellular pathogens
... recognition receptors such as the TLRs (Toll-like receptors), and this activates pro-inflammatory responses and/or production of interferon. Many of these signalling pathways also activate autophagy, allowing autophagy to play a crucial role in innate immunity (reviewed in [19]). Many pathogens ente ...
... recognition receptors such as the TLRs (Toll-like receptors), and this activates pro-inflammatory responses and/or production of interferon. Many of these signalling pathways also activate autophagy, allowing autophagy to play a crucial role in innate immunity (reviewed in [19]). Many pathogens ente ...
Amino acids and mTORC1: from lysosomes to disease
... cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals arising from nutrients, energy, and growth factors, but how exactly these signals are propagated await to be fully understood. Recent findings have placed the lysosome, a key mediator of cellular catabolism, at the c ...
... cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates signals arising from nutrients, energy, and growth factors, but how exactly these signals are propagated await to be fully understood. Recent findings have placed the lysosome, a key mediator of cellular catabolism, at the c ...
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications
... levels of poly-ADP ribosylated histones that have been correlated with a relatively relaxed chromatin state [38]. Presumably, this is a consequence, at least in part, of the negative charge that the modification confers to the histone. In addition, though, it has been reported that the activation of ...
... levels of poly-ADP ribosylated histones that have been correlated with a relatively relaxed chromatin state [38]. Presumably, this is a consequence, at least in part, of the negative charge that the modification confers to the histone. In addition, though, it has been reported that the activation of ...
The Ph1 Locus Suppresses Cdk2-Type Activity during Premeiosis
... is replicated, forming two sister chromatids that remain linked together. At the start of meiosis, each chromosome must recognize its homolog from among all of the chromosomes present in the nucleus. The homologs generally then become intimately aligned or paired along their entire lengths. A protei ...
... is replicated, forming two sister chromatids that remain linked together. At the start of meiosis, each chromosome must recognize its homolog from among all of the chromosomes present in the nucleus. The homologs generally then become intimately aligned or paired along their entire lengths. A protei ...
The Shwachman-Diamond SBDS protein localizes to the nucleolus
... Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS)1,2 is an autosomal recessive disease3 characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bone marrow failure, and leukemia predisposition (reviewed in Dror and Freedman4 and Smith5). Additional features commonly associated with this syndrome include skeletal malform ...
... Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS)1,2 is an autosomal recessive disease3 characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bone marrow failure, and leukemia predisposition (reviewed in Dror and Freedman4 and Smith5). Additional features commonly associated with this syndrome include skeletal malform ...
Single-channel electrophysiology reveals a distinct and uniform
... Conductance steps observed for a-syn pores Having established optimal pre-incubation conditions to generate pore forming a-syn oligomers, we performed all further experiments using 7 mM protein concentration and 72 h of incubation at RT. By applying voltage pulses to membranes with an inserted pore, ...
... Conductance steps observed for a-syn pores Having established optimal pre-incubation conditions to generate pore forming a-syn oligomers, we performed all further experiments using 7 mM protein concentration and 72 h of incubation at RT. By applying voltage pulses to membranes with an inserted pore, ...
Bound by Fate: Reactive Oxygen Species in
... perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptorlike protein kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). The RLKs are a large ...
... perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptorlike protein kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). The RLKs are a large ...
The LIR motif – crucial for selective autophagy
... cargo receptors, members of the basal autophagy apparatus, proteins associated with vesicles and of their transport, Rab GTPaseactivating proteins (GAPs) and specific signaling proteins that are degraded by selective autophagy. Here, we comment on these new insights and focus on the interactions of ...
... cargo receptors, members of the basal autophagy apparatus, proteins associated with vesicles and of their transport, Rab GTPaseactivating proteins (GAPs) and specific signaling proteins that are degraded by selective autophagy. Here, we comment on these new insights and focus on the interactions of ...
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... and motility Judith M. Neugebauer*, Adam B. Cadwallader*,‡, Jeffrey D. Amack§, Brent W. Bisgrove and H. Joseph Yost¶ SUMMARY As cells integrate molecular signals from their environment, cell surface receptors require modified proteoglycans for the robust activation of signaling pathways. Heparan sul ...
... and motility Judith M. Neugebauer*, Adam B. Cadwallader*,‡, Jeffrey D. Amack§, Brent W. Bisgrove and H. Joseph Yost¶ SUMMARY As cells integrate molecular signals from their environment, cell surface receptors require modified proteoglycans for the robust activation of signaling pathways. Heparan sul ...
Cotto J. Fox S. Morimoto R . HSF1 granules
... Similar results of co-localization were observed using HSF1GFP (Fig. 4). Whereas GFP alone is distributed in a diffuse pattern throughout the cell under control (Fig. 4A) and heat shocked conditions (Fig. 4B), mHSF1-GFP is primarily nuclear in control cells (Fig. 4C) and upon heat shock relocalizes ...
... Similar results of co-localization were observed using HSF1GFP (Fig. 4). Whereas GFP alone is distributed in a diffuse pattern throughout the cell under control (Fig. 4A) and heat shocked conditions (Fig. 4B), mHSF1-GFP is primarily nuclear in control cells (Fig. 4C) and upon heat shock relocalizes ...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vprmediated G2 cell cycle
... a broad range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and control of DNA replication and cell cycle progression (Lee, 1995; SchoÈnthal, 1995). This diversity of PP2A functions is conferred by a diversity of targeting/regulatory subunits and several levels of ...
... a broad range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and control of DNA replication and cell cycle progression (Lee, 1995; SchoÈnthal, 1995). This diversity of PP2A functions is conferred by a diversity of targeting/regulatory subunits and several levels of ...
FOCAL ADHESION KINASE: IN COMMAND AND CONTROL OF
... membrane protrusions to regulate cell movement. ...
... membrane protrusions to regulate cell movement. ...
Calcium homeostasis in plants
... the PM, which is tightly appressed to the cell wall. These walls, especially in young tissue, are porous, allowing for diffusion of water, nutrients and molecules as large as 40 kDa (Carpita, 1982). Within the matrix of the wall, and ...
... the PM, which is tightly appressed to the cell wall. These walls, especially in young tissue, are porous, allowing for diffusion of water, nutrients and molecules as large as 40 kDa (Carpita, 1982). Within the matrix of the wall, and ...
Effects of nitric oxide on red blood cell deformability
... Cytosolic calcium concentration was determined in a separate series of experiments for RBC incubated with L-NAME (10⫺3 M) or SNP (10⫺6 and 10⫺5 M) using a method modified from David-Dufilho et al. (11). RBCs were separated using a density gradient (Histopaque-1077) to eliminate white blood cell cont ...
... Cytosolic calcium concentration was determined in a separate series of experiments for RBC incubated with L-NAME (10⫺3 M) or SNP (10⫺6 and 10⫺5 M) using a method modified from David-Dufilho et al. (11). RBCs were separated using a density gradient (Histopaque-1077) to eliminate white blood cell cont ...
by Booij (Leyden). Introductory § i. systems § 2
... particles in a given coacervate particles, having lost part of their water-shell, ...
... particles in a given coacervate particles, having lost part of their water-shell, ...
Up-regulation of junctophilin-2 prevents ER stress and apoptosis in
... cardiomyocytes, a condition described as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R is now recognized as a combination determining the final myocardial infarction size. Although the mechanisms underlying I/R-induced cardiac injury remain incompletely understood, emerging evidence suggests that intracell ...
... cardiomyocytes, a condition described as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R is now recognized as a combination determining the final myocardial infarction size. Although the mechanisms underlying I/R-induced cardiac injury remain incompletely understood, emerging evidence suggests that intracell ...
ftsZ mutations affecting cell division frequency, placement and
... the amino acid changes generated by the mutations could be informative about FtsZ function and its protein–protein interactions. ...
... the amino acid changes generated by the mutations could be informative about FtsZ function and its protein–protein interactions. ...
The Glial Cell–Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling Pathway
... affinity. While association of a GFR receptor with c-ret is promoted by ligand engagement (Treanor et al., 1996), in the absence of ligand some of the GFR receptors also interact with c-ret with lower affinities (Sanicola et al., 1997; Eketjall et al., 1999). Association between a GFR subunit and ...
... affinity. While association of a GFR receptor with c-ret is promoted by ligand engagement (Treanor et al., 1996), in the absence of ligand some of the GFR receptors also interact with c-ret with lower affinities (Sanicola et al., 1997; Eketjall et al., 1999). Association between a GFR subunit and ...
Analysis of exocyst subunit EXO70 family reveals
... clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Both NtEXO70A1a and NtEXO70B1 colocalized to a different degree with markers for anionic signaling phospholipids phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid. In contrast, members of EXO70 C-class, which are specifically expressed in tip growing cells, e ...
... clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Both NtEXO70A1a and NtEXO70B1 colocalized to a different degree with markers for anionic signaling phospholipids phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid. In contrast, members of EXO70 C-class, which are specifically expressed in tip growing cells, e ...
The hypoblast (visceral endoderm): an evo
... and is protected from desiccation. They also perfected the yolk sac endoderm as an organ with which to acquire nutrients from outside the embryo itself, as well as to exchange oxygen. Although there is considerable variation between species, the yolk sac endoderm can be both a trophic tissue, taking ...
... and is protected from desiccation. They also perfected the yolk sac endoderm as an organ with which to acquire nutrients from outside the embryo itself, as well as to exchange oxygen. Although there is considerable variation between species, the yolk sac endoderm can be both a trophic tissue, taking ...
Chapter 4 - Neurasync
... such cellular systems (15, 27). Interestingly, in our own work, we have found that Lamp2a downregulation has a more pronounced effect in primary neurons, in terms of leading to more profound accumulation of CMA substrates, compared to neuronal cell lines, where differences are only observed in the ...
... such cellular systems (15, 27). Interestingly, in our own work, we have found that Lamp2a downregulation has a more pronounced effect in primary neurons, in terms of leading to more profound accumulation of CMA substrates, compared to neuronal cell lines, where differences are only observed in the ...
Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Show Specificity of
... outer segment (ROS) shedding is circadian in many vertebrates (2, 37, 38) and has been shown to occur 30-120 min after the onset of illumination in rats (37). Shed ROS are readily phagocytized by adjacent RPE cells (60), a single RPE cell ingesting as many as 30,000 ROS in a day (4). The phagocytic ...
... outer segment (ROS) shedding is circadian in many vertebrates (2, 37, 38) and has been shown to occur 30-120 min after the onset of illumination in rats (37). Shed ROS are readily phagocytized by adjacent RPE cells (60), a single RPE cell ingesting as many as 30,000 ROS in a day (4). The phagocytic ...
Intrinsic Regulation of Cambial Growth
... acid (IAA, auxin) to undergo enlargement but thereafter to experience a protracted delay, sometimes extending over several weeks before commencing differentiation into tracheids (Savidge and Wareing 1981b, 1984; Savidge and others 1982, 1998; Savidge 2000a). Zones of dividing cells (cambial zone, CZ ...
... acid (IAA, auxin) to undergo enlargement but thereafter to experience a protracted delay, sometimes extending over several weeks before commencing differentiation into tracheids (Savidge and Wareing 1981b, 1984; Savidge and others 1982, 1998; Savidge 2000a). Zones of dividing cells (cambial zone, CZ ...
Cytokinesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unk.cilliate.jpg?width=300)
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.