![Construction of the yeast whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017101556_1-bfa85c41baff4694fa66f34b9d0e0d40-300x300.png)
Construction of the yeast whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase
... as the control were spread on the medium, respectively. The activities of the lipases were examined by the halo formed around the colony. 2.5 Preparation of ROL-displaying yeast For whole-cell catalyst preparation, the wild-type ROL and codon-optimized ROL-displaying yeasts were cultivated in YGCG m ...
... as the control were spread on the medium, respectively. The activities of the lipases were examined by the halo formed around the colony. 2.5 Preparation of ROL-displaying yeast For whole-cell catalyst preparation, the wild-type ROL and codon-optimized ROL-displaying yeasts were cultivated in YGCG m ...
Genetic analysis of leaf development in cotton
... Clonal analysis in tobacco has revealed that the leaf axis arises from about 100 cells in three layers of the primordium (Poethig and Sussex, 1985a,/?). The lamina (expanded part of the leaf) develops from several rows of cells in three cell layers along the margin of the axis. In dicotyledonous lea ...
... Clonal analysis in tobacco has revealed that the leaf axis arises from about 100 cells in three layers of the primordium (Poethig and Sussex, 1985a,/?). The lamina (expanded part of the leaf) develops from several rows of cells in three cell layers along the margin of the axis. In dicotyledonous lea ...
Formation of Persisting Cell Wall Deficient Forms of Mycobacterium
... bacterial cell walls and conversion to L-forms during phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages in guinea pigs. Although peritoneal macrophages are not typical niche for mycobacteria, we attempted to inhibit the classical bacterial forms and to induce occurrence of cell wall deficient forms by using an ...
... bacterial cell walls and conversion to L-forms during phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages in guinea pigs. Although peritoneal macrophages are not typical niche for mycobacteria, we attempted to inhibit the classical bacterial forms and to induce occurrence of cell wall deficient forms by using an ...
Developmental Changes in the Subcellular Localization of Calretinin
... two antibodies. Sections were viewed on a BioRad (Hercules, CA) 1024 confocal microscope with a 60⫻ oil objective. Optical sections every 2 m through the thickness of a cell were captured at fixed camera gain, pinhole size, and laser intensity. Quantitative anal ysis of subcellular distribution of ...
... two antibodies. Sections were viewed on a BioRad (Hercules, CA) 1024 confocal microscope with a 60⫻ oil objective. Optical sections every 2 m through the thickness of a cell were captured at fixed camera gain, pinhole size, and laser intensity. Quantitative anal ysis of subcellular distribution of ...
The Plant Cell - Semantic Scholar
... green chloroplasts and therefore can be used for mitochondrial localization together with the mitochondria-specific fluorescent probe MitoTracker. When SC cells were transformed with the GFP gene fused to the presequences from FtsH1, FtsH6, FtsH7, FtsH8, FtsH9, FtsH11, and FtsH12, the green fluoresc ...
... green chloroplasts and therefore can be used for mitochondrial localization together with the mitochondria-specific fluorescent probe MitoTracker. When SC cells were transformed with the GFP gene fused to the presequences from FtsH1, FtsH6, FtsH7, FtsH8, FtsH9, FtsH11, and FtsH12, the green fluoresc ...
Understanding the role of growth factors in embryonic development
... different doses of FGF, the signalling pathways mediating FGF-induced lens cell proliferation and fibre differentiation were examined and characterized. Some of the main downstream targets regulating lens cellular processes were the extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), members of the mi ...
... different doses of FGF, the signalling pathways mediating FGF-induced lens cell proliferation and fibre differentiation were examined and characterized. Some of the main downstream targets regulating lens cellular processes were the extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), members of the mi ...
Transcriptional regulation of mammalian autophagy at a glance
... biogenesis. Given that the completion of autophagic flux requires the degradation of cargo by the lysosomal compartment, TFEB has the ability to regulate multiple steps of the autophagic process (Settembre et al., 2011). The overexpression of TFEB alone is sufficient to alleviate disease associated ...
... biogenesis. Given that the completion of autophagic flux requires the degradation of cargo by the lysosomal compartment, TFEB has the ability to regulate multiple steps of the autophagic process (Settembre et al., 2011). The overexpression of TFEB alone is sufficient to alleviate disease associated ...
Chromosome Organization and Dynamics during Interphase, Mitosis
... dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome maintenance. A number of important studies on chromosome organization and dynamics have been conducted i ...
... dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome maintenance. A number of important studies on chromosome organization and dynamics have been conducted i ...
Linker histone H1 in early mouse embryogenesis
... recognized mouse somatic H1 on immunoblot (Fig. 1A, antiH1 panel), and by immunostaining (Fig. 1B, anti-H1 panel), it gave an intense nuclear staining in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and in mouse blastula cells which is consistent with the H1 pattern reported in previous immunocytochemical stud ...
... recognized mouse somatic H1 on immunoblot (Fig. 1A, antiH1 panel), and by immunostaining (Fig. 1B, anti-H1 panel), it gave an intense nuclear staining in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and in mouse blastula cells which is consistent with the H1 pattern reported in previous immunocytochemical stud ...
Current Status and Future Prospectives of C1 Domain Ligands as
... ligands have been characterized are mainly based on the proposed role of PKC in the pathophysiology of cancer and AD. In cancer, the differential effects of PKC isoforms on cell proliferation and apoptosis form the basis for targeting PKC. In the central nervous system, PKC regulates processes linke ...
... ligands have been characterized are mainly based on the proposed role of PKC in the pathophysiology of cancer and AD. In cancer, the differential effects of PKC isoforms on cell proliferation and apoptosis form the basis for targeting PKC. In the central nervous system, PKC regulates processes linke ...
Abnormal Calcium Handling in Muscular Dystrophy
... 110, 119]. Calpains have been implicated in the proteolysis of vesicle-bound Ca2+ leak channels, constitutively activating these channels [3, 4, 69]. Using an artificial fluorogenic calpain substrate Boc-Leu-MetCMAC, the rate of proteolysis in resting mdx myotubes was determined to be markedly eleva ...
... 110, 119]. Calpains have been implicated in the proteolysis of vesicle-bound Ca2+ leak channels, constitutively activating these channels [3, 4, 69]. Using an artificial fluorogenic calpain substrate Boc-Leu-MetCMAC, the rate of proteolysis in resting mdx myotubes was determined to be markedly eleva ...
Profilin association with monomeric actin in
... or nitrocellulose. Antibody P4 immunoprecipitates free profilin and profilin bound to actin, but antibody P5 immunoprecipitates only free profilin. On immunoblots of whole Acanthamoeba, antibodies P1-P7 bind only to bands having the same mobility as profilin-I and profilin-II (Kaiser et al., 1986, 1 ...
... or nitrocellulose. Antibody P4 immunoprecipitates free profilin and profilin bound to actin, but antibody P5 immunoprecipitates only free profilin. On immunoblots of whole Acanthamoeba, antibodies P1-P7 bind only to bands having the same mobility as profilin-I and profilin-II (Kaiser et al., 1986, 1 ...
1 PLASTID OSMOTIC STRESS INFLUENCES CELL
... determined, as plant cell identity is highly plastic (Gaillochet and Lohmann, 2015). A classic illustration ...
... determined, as plant cell identity is highly plastic (Gaillochet and Lohmann, 2015). A classic illustration ...
Investigating the role of papain-like cysteine protease RD21 in plant
... 1.1. Classification and structure of papain-like cysteine proteases Proteases are grouped into families and clans in the MEROPS database based on structural and evolutionary criteria (http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/, Rawlings et al., 2008). To date, 70 families belonging to 12 different clans are cystei ...
... 1.1. Classification and structure of papain-like cysteine proteases Proteases are grouped into families and clans in the MEROPS database based on structural and evolutionary criteria (http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/, Rawlings et al., 2008). To date, 70 families belonging to 12 different clans are cystei ...
Protection by chlorpromazine, albumin and bivalent cations against
... Influence of bivalent cations on kinetics of peptide-induced shape transformation Figure 1 shows typical spectrophotometer traces obtained after addition of peptides and bivalent cations into an RBC suspension. The decrease in absorbance reflects RBC haemolysis [27,28], whereas the initial increase ...
... Influence of bivalent cations on kinetics of peptide-induced shape transformation Figure 1 shows typical spectrophotometer traces obtained after addition of peptides and bivalent cations into an RBC suspension. The decrease in absorbance reflects RBC haemolysis [27,28], whereas the initial increase ...
Formation and excretion of autophagic plastids (plastolysomes) in
... The change in developmental fate of microspores reprogrammed toward embryogenesis is a complex but fascinating experimental system where microspores undergo dramatic changes derived from the developmental switch. After 40 years of study of the ultrastructural changes undergone by the induced microsp ...
... The change in developmental fate of microspores reprogrammed toward embryogenesis is a complex but fascinating experimental system where microspores undergo dramatic changes derived from the developmental switch. After 40 years of study of the ultrastructural changes undergone by the induced microsp ...
Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of
... developmental stages of the chick embryo from laying to primitive streak formation. The primary location of fibronectin at all stages examined was the basal lamina of the epiblast and its associated extracellular material. The remaining tissues showed little or no immunochemical deposit. At the prim ...
... developmental stages of the chick embryo from laying to primitive streak formation. The primary location of fibronectin at all stages examined was the basal lamina of the epiblast and its associated extracellular material. The remaining tissues showed little or no immunochemical deposit. At the prim ...
Kinetics of MPF and histone H1 kinase activity differ during the G2
... activities between the two might reside in differing half lifes of their active and/or activating principles. We conclude therefore that the two activities should not be used in an interchangeable manner. We interpret the results presented in this paper as showing first that the activation of MPF an ...
... activities between the two might reside in differing half lifes of their active and/or activating principles. We conclude therefore that the two activities should not be used in an interchangeable manner. We interpret the results presented in this paper as showing first that the activation of MPF an ...
Arterial–Venous Specification During Development
... vasculogenesis. Initial embryonic determination of artery or vein identity is regulated by variety of genetic factors that work in concert to specify endothelial cell fate, giving rise to 2 distinct components of the circulatory loop possessing unique structural characteristics. Work in multiple in ...
... vasculogenesis. Initial embryonic determination of artery or vein identity is regulated by variety of genetic factors that work in concert to specify endothelial cell fate, giving rise to 2 distinct components of the circulatory loop possessing unique structural characteristics. Work in multiple in ...
The contractile apparatus and mechanical properties of airway smooth muscle
... conflicting evidence regarding the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in tension maintenance. Tension generated by the contractile filaments is transmitted throughout the cell via a network of actin filaments anchored at dense plaques at the cell membrane, where force is transmitted to the e ...
... conflicting evidence regarding the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in tension maintenance. Tension generated by the contractile filaments is transmitted throughout the cell via a network of actin filaments anchored at dense plaques at the cell membrane, where force is transmitted to the e ...
The AP-3 adaptor complex is required for vacuolar function
... vacuolar identity [10]. In addition, several putative AP-3 adaptins have been identified as suppressors of zigzag 1 (zig1) [11], a mutant affecting a vesicle trafficking regulator, the SNARE VTI11 [12, 13]. Nonetheless, the existence and function of AP complexes, including AP-3, has not been demonst ...
... vacuolar identity [10]. In addition, several putative AP-3 adaptins have been identified as suppressors of zigzag 1 (zig1) [11], a mutant affecting a vesicle trafficking regulator, the SNARE VTI11 [12, 13]. Nonetheless, the existence and function of AP complexes, including AP-3, has not been demonst ...
Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop
... distinct chromosomes is that they bind to two nearby points and then slide to generate a progressively larger loop (Nasmyth, 2001). This ’loop extrusion’ process creates an array of consecutive loops in individual chromosomes (Nasmyth, 2001). When loop-extruding condensins exchange with the solvent, ...
... distinct chromosomes is that they bind to two nearby points and then slide to generate a progressively larger loop (Nasmyth, 2001). This ’loop extrusion’ process creates an array of consecutive loops in individual chromosomes (Nasmyth, 2001). When loop-extruding condensins exchange with the solvent, ...
- Nottingham ePrints
... have been proposed to be part of a gene regulatory network (GRN) promoting trophoblast fate in the ExE (Ng et al., 2008). Cdx2 also promotes Bmp4 expression (Murohashi et al., 2010), which in turn feeds-back to the epiblast to induce mesoderm differentiation (Winnier et al., 1995). These molecular i ...
... have been proposed to be part of a gene regulatory network (GRN) promoting trophoblast fate in the ExE (Ng et al., 2008). Cdx2 also promotes Bmp4 expression (Murohashi et al., 2010), which in turn feeds-back to the epiblast to induce mesoderm differentiation (Winnier et al., 1995). These molecular i ...
Low Catecholamine Concentrations Protect Adult Rat Ventricular
... for 20 min and protein concentrations in the supernatant were determined by Bio-Rad assay. Equal amounts of protein were gently rotated at 4°C with anti-ERK2 immunoglobulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Le Perray-en-Yvelines, France) for 1 h and then with protein A-agarose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) fo ...
... for 20 min and protein concentrations in the supernatant were determined by Bio-Rad assay. Equal amounts of protein were gently rotated at 4°C with anti-ERK2 immunoglobulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Le Perray-en-Yvelines, France) for 1 h and then with protein A-agarose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) fo ...
Antisense Oligonucleotides: problems with use and solutions
... can also protect the drug from degradation and also from rapid clearance from the body. The vector must be of small size to allow intercalation between tissues and to allow intracellular transport, they must be nontoxic and stable in the blood stream, they must retain the drug when in the circulatio ...
... can also protect the drug from degradation and also from rapid clearance from the body. The vector must be of small size to allow intercalation between tissues and to allow intracellular transport, they must be nontoxic and stable in the blood stream, they must retain the drug when in the circulatio ...
Cytokinesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unk.cilliate.jpg?width=300)
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.