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Protein stabilization: a common consequence of mutations
... Myc, originally identi®ed as the transforming component of avian leukosis virus, MC29, functions as a sequence speci®c nuclear transcription factor, working in association with its obligate partner, Max. Both dimerization with Max through the C-terminal helix ± loop ± helix/leucine zipper (HLH-LZ) d ...
... Myc, originally identi®ed as the transforming component of avian leukosis virus, MC29, functions as a sequence speci®c nuclear transcription factor, working in association with its obligate partner, Max. Both dimerization with Max through the C-terminal helix ± loop ± helix/leucine zipper (HLH-LZ) d ...
Type-IV Antifreeze Proteins are Essential for Epiboly and
... in epiboly progression by stabilizing yolk cytoplasmic layer microtubules, and AFP4b is primarily related to convergence movement. Therefore, both AFP4 proteins are essential for gastrulation of zebrafish embryos. Our current results provide first evidence that AFP such as AFP4 has important roles i ...
... in epiboly progression by stabilizing yolk cytoplasmic layer microtubules, and AFP4b is primarily related to convergence movement. Therefore, both AFP4 proteins are essential for gastrulation of zebrafish embryos. Our current results provide first evidence that AFP such as AFP4 has important roles i ...
Autophagy and pancreatitis
... the rates of formation and degradative activity of autolysosomes, the latter being controlled by the levels and proteolytic activities of lysosomal hydrolases, the LAMPs, intralysosomal pH, and other factors. Because the properties and functions of autophagosomes and autolysosomes are so different, ...
... the rates of formation and degradative activity of autolysosomes, the latter being controlled by the levels and proteolytic activities of lysosomal hydrolases, the LAMPs, intralysosomal pH, and other factors. Because the properties and functions of autophagosomes and autolysosomes are so different, ...
Turnover of protein phosphorylation evolving under
... Most proteins are regulated by posttranslational modifications and changes in these modifications contribute to evolutionary changes as well as to human diseases. Phosphorylation of serines, threonines, and tyrosines are the most common modifications identified to date in eukaryotic proteomes. While the ...
... Most proteins are regulated by posttranslational modifications and changes in these modifications contribute to evolutionary changes as well as to human diseases. Phosphorylation of serines, threonines, and tyrosines are the most common modifications identified to date in eukaryotic proteomes. While the ...
Full Text - Labs / Projects - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
... to be important regulators of cellular behavior, especially actin cytoskeletal organization and acto-myosin based contractility (Hall, 1998). Rho proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. Their activation state is controlled b ...
... to be important regulators of cellular behavior, especially actin cytoskeletal organization and acto-myosin based contractility (Hall, 1998). Rho proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. Their activation state is controlled b ...
Bacteria under stress by complement and coagulation
... Complement activation on bacteria supports cellular immune responses and leads to direct killing of bacteria via assembly of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). Recent studies have indicated that the coagulation system also contributes to mammalian innate defense since coagulation factors can entrap ...
... Complement activation on bacteria supports cellular immune responses and leads to direct killing of bacteria via assembly of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). Recent studies have indicated that the coagulation system also contributes to mammalian innate defense since coagulation factors can entrap ...
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... and Suzuki, 2014). Such morphogenetic hot spots must exist in order to generate organ-specific shapes, as otherwise only isotropically expanded, ball-like structures would form. Once these hot spots are identified, inter-hierarchical relationships between events at different spatial scales will be r ...
... and Suzuki, 2014). Such morphogenetic hot spots must exist in order to generate organ-specific shapes, as otherwise only isotropically expanded, ball-like structures would form. Once these hot spots are identified, inter-hierarchical relationships between events at different spatial scales will be r ...
enterocolitica Yersinia Type III Secretion System of Properties of the
... protects the cell against harmful compounds in the extracellular environment, such as antibiotics, detergents, and digestive enzymes, but also forms a barrier to the secretion of proteins and uptake of nutrients. The passage of small hydrophilic molecules across the outer membrane is facilitated by ...
... protects the cell against harmful compounds in the extracellular environment, such as antibiotics, detergents, and digestive enzymes, but also forms a barrier to the secretion of proteins and uptake of nutrients. The passage of small hydrophilic molecules across the outer membrane is facilitated by ...
An autophagy-related kinase is essential for the symbiotic
... involves the formation of an infection peg from the hyphopodium (specialized fungal cell involved in attachment to the plant host), which mediates fungal hyphal growth into the epidermal cell, and then a pre-penetration apparatus, which anticipates the direction of hyphal penetration in the plant ce ...
... involves the formation of an infection peg from the hyphopodium (specialized fungal cell involved in attachment to the plant host), which mediates fungal hyphal growth into the epidermal cell, and then a pre-penetration apparatus, which anticipates the direction of hyphal penetration in the plant ce ...
Gain and Loss of Photosynthetic Membranes during
... neither homogeneous nor necessarily null. Rather, their developmental state varies with the specific region and/or layer of the SAM in which they are found. Plastids throughout the L1 and L3 layers of the SAM possess fairly developed thylakoid networks. However, many of these plastids eventually los ...
... neither homogeneous nor necessarily null. Rather, their developmental state varies with the specific region and/or layer of the SAM in which they are found. Plastids throughout the L1 and L3 layers of the SAM possess fairly developed thylakoid networks. However, many of these plastids eventually los ...
COP9 signalosome turns the key on protein degradation
... and structurally to the proteasome lid [27,29]. Fourth, the CSN may be able to interact with the proteasome directly in fungi and plants [24,55,56]. Fifth, a lid-like complex appears to detach from the proteasome in csn mutants [57]. Sixth, csn mutants accumulate elevated amounts of ubiquitinated pr ...
... and structurally to the proteasome lid [27,29]. Fourth, the CSN may be able to interact with the proteasome directly in fungi and plants [24,55,56]. Fifth, a lid-like complex appears to detach from the proteasome in csn mutants [57]. Sixth, csn mutants accumulate elevated amounts of ubiquitinated pr ...
Identification and localization of the multiple bacterial
... flagellate may benefit the fermentative processes of the host flagellate or the ‘Endomicrobia’ symbionts (Sato et al., 2009). Apparently, the symbiotic interactions are not restricted to the bacterial symbionts and their host flagellate, but occur also between the bacterial symbionts themselves. Ano ...
... flagellate may benefit the fermentative processes of the host flagellate or the ‘Endomicrobia’ symbionts (Sato et al., 2009). Apparently, the symbiotic interactions are not restricted to the bacterial symbionts and their host flagellate, but occur also between the bacterial symbionts themselves. Ano ...
Space to grow: interplay between growth and patterning in plant
... Clonal analysis: Labeling of a group of cells and observation of their descendents (which constitute a clone) after mitotic divisions. This method enables to track cell fate and differentiation. CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON2 (CUC2): Transcription factor involved in the initiation of Arabidopsis thaliana lea ...
... Clonal analysis: Labeling of a group of cells and observation of their descendents (which constitute a clone) after mitotic divisions. This method enables to track cell fate and differentiation. CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON2 (CUC2): Transcription factor involved in the initiation of Arabidopsis thaliana lea ...
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters
... the enzyme, thereby stabilizing cleavable enzyme-DNA complexes that lead to DNA double-strand breaks and eventually to cell death.6 Gene rearrangement in the MLL gene at chromosome 11q23 is frequently observed in chemotherapy-associated leukemias.7,8 The break cluster region in this gene has been sh ...
... the enzyme, thereby stabilizing cleavable enzyme-DNA complexes that lead to DNA double-strand breaks and eventually to cell death.6 Gene rearrangement in the MLL gene at chromosome 11q23 is frequently observed in chemotherapy-associated leukemias.7,8 The break cluster region in this gene has been sh ...
A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is perhaps the most prevalent and wellregulated means of cell death. The cell must precisely coordinate the actions of many proteins in order to destroy itself without causing damage to surrounding cells. This precise coordination presents a distinctly identifiab ...
... Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is perhaps the most prevalent and wellregulated means of cell death. The cell must precisely coordinate the actions of many proteins in order to destroy itself without causing damage to surrounding cells. This precise coordination presents a distinctly identifiab ...
effects of light on photosynthesis, grazing, and population dynamics
... RhodPfiest1) and was then maintained for 48 h without feeding. The culture was divided into six 50-mL aliquots with P. piscicida concentrations of 7500 cellsmL1. Three of the six cultures were wrapped in aluminum foil, and R. sp. was added to the six experimental and to six R. sp. control flasks ...
... RhodPfiest1) and was then maintained for 48 h without feeding. The culture was divided into six 50-mL aliquots with P. piscicida concentrations of 7500 cellsmL1. Three of the six cultures were wrapped in aluminum foil, and R. sp. was added to the six experimental and to six R. sp. control flasks ...
Dishevelled: at the crossroads of divergent
... Signaling is often context speci®c. In response to different upstream signals, cells often use the same signaling molecule for different purposes, as in the example of Dishevelled that we discuss in this review. Also, the `activation' of the same protein can route information into distinct downstrea ...
... Signaling is often context speci®c. In response to different upstream signals, cells often use the same signaling molecule for different purposes, as in the example of Dishevelled that we discuss in this review. Also, the `activation' of the same protein can route information into distinct downstrea ...
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates ZYG
... the number of daughter centrioles produced each cycle. ...
... the number of daughter centrioles produced each cycle. ...
Par3/Baz levels control epithelial folding at actomyosin
... generated ectopic parasegment boundaries by expressing wingless in the whole epithelium (armGal4/UAS-wg, hereafter arm>wg) (Sanson et al., 1999; Larsen et al., 2008). In these embryos, Engrailed expression expands posteriorly to fill its competence domain and an ectopic boundary forms at the posteri ...
... generated ectopic parasegment boundaries by expressing wingless in the whole epithelium (armGal4/UAS-wg, hereafter arm>wg) (Sanson et al., 1999; Larsen et al., 2008). In these embryos, Engrailed expression expands posteriorly to fill its competence domain and an ectopic boundary forms at the posteri ...
Arpp19 and Cdc6, two major regulators of the meiotic division
... a. Effects of S109A-‐ and S109D-‐Arpp19 mutants on meiosis resumption induced by progesterone or PKI b. S109D-‐Arpp19 blocks the initial activation of Cdk1 but not the MPF autoamplification loop c ...
... a. Effects of S109A-‐ and S109D-‐Arpp19 mutants on meiosis resumption induced by progesterone or PKI b. S109D-‐Arpp19 blocks the initial activation of Cdk1 but not the MPF autoamplification loop c ...
12 October 2000
... it cannot explain how the first, most upstream caspase gets activated. At least two other approaches are used to get the ball rolling. Induced proximity Caspase-8 is the key initiator caspase in the death-receptor pathway (see review in this issue by Krammer, pages 789–795). Upon ligand binding, dea ...
... it cannot explain how the first, most upstream caspase gets activated. At least two other approaches are used to get the ball rolling. Induced proximity Caspase-8 is the key initiator caspase in the death-receptor pathway (see review in this issue by Krammer, pages 789–795). Upon ligand binding, dea ...
A microfluidic culture platform for CNS axonal injury, regeneration
... isolated from developing axons (6 d in vitro). We isolated approxi- axotomy. Vacuum aspiration in the axonal compartment (axomately 60 ng of axonal RNA from each chamber. RT-PCR analysis tomy) was followed by collection of somal fraction. Changes in revealed the presence of H1 histone (H1f0), calciu ...
... isolated from developing axons (6 d in vitro). We isolated approxi- axotomy. Vacuum aspiration in the axonal compartment (axomately 60 ng of axonal RNA from each chamber. RT-PCR analysis tomy) was followed by collection of somal fraction. Changes in revealed the presence of H1 histone (H1f0), calciu ...
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... In human cells, symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA) modification of Sm proteins is carried out by two distinct type II protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): PRMT5 and PRMT7 (Gonsalvez et al., 2007). In agreement with inhibitor-based results showing that the recruitment of Sm proteins to the S ...
... In human cells, symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA) modification of Sm proteins is carried out by two distinct type II protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): PRMT5 and PRMT7 (Gonsalvez et al., 2007). In agreement with inhibitor-based results showing that the recruitment of Sm proteins to the S ...
Diarch Symmetry of the Vascular Bundle in
... the central cylinder or stele is the pericycle, which is traditionally regarded as one extra concentric layer. Indeed, all pericycle cells share common physical properties and form a unique layer of regularly shaped cells in contact with each other by their tangential cell walls (Dolan et al., 1993) ...
... the central cylinder or stele is the pericycle, which is traditionally regarded as one extra concentric layer. Indeed, all pericycle cells share common physical properties and form a unique layer of regularly shaped cells in contact with each other by their tangential cell walls (Dolan et al., 1993) ...
Chediak-Higashi–Like Granules in Acute
... powerful tool for better understanding of happenings inside cells, and showing different processes affecting blood and bone marrow cells. Two years ago Blood honored my devotion to this morphology by publishing one picture of a cytoplasmic bridge between basophilic normoblasts. (Delayed Cytokinesis ...
... powerful tool for better understanding of happenings inside cells, and showing different processes affecting blood and bone marrow cells. Two years ago Blood honored my devotion to this morphology by publishing one picture of a cytoplasmic bridge between basophilic normoblasts. (Delayed Cytokinesis ...
Cytokinesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unk.cilliate.jpg?width=300)
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.