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... branching. Specifically, we chose to carry out RNAi screens to identify genes that regulate the branching of PVD neuron dendrites in C. elegans. PVD neurons are bilaterally symmetric nociceptors that respond to harsh mechanical stimuli and cold temperatures (Chatzigeorgiou et al., 2010; Way and Chal ...
... branching. Specifically, we chose to carry out RNAi screens to identify genes that regulate the branching of PVD neuron dendrites in C. elegans. PVD neurons are bilaterally symmetric nociceptors that respond to harsh mechanical stimuli and cold temperatures (Chatzigeorgiou et al., 2010; Way and Chal ...
original version
... anaerobic protist and fungi [18]. Besides, serving as a component of membrane bilayer, acidic phospholipids appear to regulate several critical cellular functions via protein-lipid interactions governed by various mechanisms, such as ion-mediated salt bridges [19] and electrostatic interaction [20–2 ...
... anaerobic protist and fungi [18]. Besides, serving as a component of membrane bilayer, acidic phospholipids appear to regulate several critical cellular functions via protein-lipid interactions governed by various mechanisms, such as ion-mediated salt bridges [19] and electrostatic interaction [20–2 ...
Full-Text PDF
... anaerobic protist and fungi [18]. Besides, serving as a component of membrane bilayer, acidic phospholipids appear to regulate several critical cellular functions via protein-lipid interactions governed by various mechanisms, such as ion-mediated salt bridges [19] and electrostatic interaction [20–2 ...
... anaerobic protist and fungi [18]. Besides, serving as a component of membrane bilayer, acidic phospholipids appear to regulate several critical cellular functions via protein-lipid interactions governed by various mechanisms, such as ion-mediated salt bridges [19] and electrostatic interaction [20–2 ...
Robust methods for purification of histones from cultured
... making the interpretation of mass spectrometry (MS) data difficult (19). Further, as noted above, cells are often incubated, prior to or concomitant with cell lysis by non-ionic detergents, in hypotonic solutions to destabilize the cytoskeleton, facilitating the separation of cytoplasm membranes from ...
... making the interpretation of mass spectrometry (MS) data difficult (19). Further, as noted above, cells are often incubated, prior to or concomitant with cell lysis by non-ionic detergents, in hypotonic solutions to destabilize the cytoskeleton, facilitating the separation of cytoplasm membranes from ...
Formation of Helical Hairpins during Membrane Protein Integration
... Keywords: membrane protein; protein structure; glycosylation; transmembrane helix; helical hairpin ...
... Keywords: membrane protein; protein structure; glycosylation; transmembrane helix; helical hairpin ...
The Multiple Personalities of the Regulatory Subunit of Protein
... example, CK2 has a sequence resembling that of the nine amino acid motif called the destruction box that plays a key role in the specific degradation of cyclin B at the end of mitosis [54, 55]. This motif, which was first recognized in CK2β by Allende and Allende, contains three highly conserved res ...
... example, CK2 has a sequence resembling that of the nine amino acid motif called the destruction box that plays a key role in the specific degradation of cyclin B at the end of mitosis [54, 55]. This motif, which was first recognized in CK2β by Allende and Allende, contains three highly conserved res ...
Cathepsin D released by lactating rat mammary epithelial cells is
... extracts from rat mammary tissue (Baldocchi et al., 1992) and by microsomal pellets from MCF-7 cells (Khurana et al., 1999), and it was suggested that the 16 kDa PRL was generated by CD within the lysosomes. Huge quantities of pituitary PRL is released in the circulation at each milking during lacta ...
... extracts from rat mammary tissue (Baldocchi et al., 1992) and by microsomal pellets from MCF-7 cells (Khurana et al., 1999), and it was suggested that the 16 kDa PRL was generated by CD within the lysosomes. Huge quantities of pituitary PRL is released in the circulation at each milking during lacta ...
Positional Information and the Spatial Pattern of Cellular
... corresponds quite well with experimental observations on the early development of sea urchin embryos, and regeneration of hydroids as well as a large variety of other systems. For example, the proportions of the mesenchyme, endoderm and ectoderm of the sea urchin embryo remain constant over about an ...
... corresponds quite well with experimental observations on the early development of sea urchin embryos, and regeneration of hydroids as well as a large variety of other systems. For example, the proportions of the mesenchyme, endoderm and ectoderm of the sea urchin embryo remain constant over about an ...
Requirements for autosomal gene activity during
... Instead of the normal diploid arrangement in which the left and right arms of a given chromosome are attached to the same centromere, compound autosomes have both left arms attached to one centromere and both right arms attached to the other (Rasmussen, 1960). These individuals contain the normal ge ...
... Instead of the normal diploid arrangement in which the left and right arms of a given chromosome are attached to the same centromere, compound autosomes have both left arms attached to one centromere and both right arms attached to the other (Rasmussen, 1960). These individuals contain the normal ge ...
Enhancement of Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis and Bone Formation by
... differentiation, and survival in cells. bFGF is a 16.5-kDa heparin binding growth factor that influences the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types in vitro (Gospodarowicz et al., 1987). The skeleton is an important target tissue for FGFs; these factors are involved in bone developm ...
... differentiation, and survival in cells. bFGF is a 16.5-kDa heparin binding growth factor that influences the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types in vitro (Gospodarowicz et al., 1987). The skeleton is an important target tissue for FGFs; these factors are involved in bone developm ...
Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in
... can initiate a distinctive profile of sugar signals, which in turn can have profound developmental effects (Figure 3). In general, hexoses favor cell division and expansion, whereas sucrose favors differentiation and maturation [6,26,33,34]. These effects, together with information from analyses of ...
... can initiate a distinctive profile of sugar signals, which in turn can have profound developmental effects (Figure 3). In general, hexoses favor cell division and expansion, whereas sucrose favors differentiation and maturation [6,26,33,34]. These effects, together with information from analyses of ...
Introduction Wnt signaling in development
... like proteins BAR-1, WRM-1, SYS-1 and HMP-2. The sequence divergence of the three β-catenin orthologs is remarkable. The C. elegans β-catenins show only 20-30% overall amino acid sequence identity with Drosophila Armadillo and vertebrate β-catenin, whereas the β-catenin of Hydra shows over 60% seque ...
... like proteins BAR-1, WRM-1, SYS-1 and HMP-2. The sequence divergence of the three β-catenin orthologs is remarkable. The C. elegans β-catenins show only 20-30% overall amino acid sequence identity with Drosophila Armadillo and vertebrate β-catenin, whereas the β-catenin of Hydra shows over 60% seque ...
The FTLD risk factor TMEM106B and MAP6 control dendritic
... We detected some endogenous TMEM106B also in the axonal compartment in developing neurons at DIV4 (supplementary Fig S5A), which allows better morphological analysis of axons than in mature neurons. Interestingly, developmental TMEM106B knockdown (DIV0+4) increased axon length by 40% (supplementary ...
... We detected some endogenous TMEM106B also in the axonal compartment in developing neurons at DIV4 (supplementary Fig S5A), which allows better morphological analysis of axons than in mature neurons. Interestingly, developmental TMEM106B knockdown (DIV0+4) increased axon length by 40% (supplementary ...
Dazl regulates mouse embryonic germ cell development
... differentially from the very beginning of the specification process. Germ cells were thought to retain expression of genes associated with pluripotency such as Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 for much longer in embryogenesis than somatic cells (Scholer et al., 1989; Western et al., 2005; Yamaguchi et al., 200 ...
... differentially from the very beginning of the specification process. Germ cells were thought to retain expression of genes associated with pluripotency such as Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 for much longer in embryogenesis than somatic cells (Scholer et al., 1989; Western et al., 2005; Yamaguchi et al., 200 ...
... the extent of protein cycling of ST-GFP and AtERD2-GFP in and out of Golgi bodies using photobleaching recovery techniques. In these experiments, we selectively photobleached a single Golgi body and then monitored recovery into the bleached structure over time. A significant recovery indicates that ...
Sharing In The Swap Shop - Memes, Groups and Altruism
... increase the time required for a single group to dominate the population due to the increase in intergroup conflict. This may not however, be the case when the number of tags are increased (see Axelrod 1995). 5.4 "Genetic" v. Cultural Evolution The “genetic” experiments B, D produced similar results ...
... increase the time required for a single group to dominate the population due to the increase in intergroup conflict. This may not however, be the case when the number of tags are increased (see Axelrod 1995). 5.4 "Genetic" v. Cultural Evolution The “genetic” experiments B, D produced similar results ...
Diapositive 1
... proapoptotic activities. (A) HCT116 cells transfected either with the GFP-tagged constructs rat Par4 (wild type, D123A mutant, left panel) or with the Myc-tagged constructs human Par-4 (wild type, D131A mutant, right panel) were treated with TRAIL (150 ng/ml, 3h) and Par-4 cleavage was evaluated by ...
... proapoptotic activities. (A) HCT116 cells transfected either with the GFP-tagged constructs rat Par4 (wild type, D123A mutant, left panel) or with the Myc-tagged constructs human Par-4 (wild type, D131A mutant, right panel) were treated with TRAIL (150 ng/ml, 3h) and Par-4 cleavage was evaluated by ...
Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation - Beck-Shop
... The function of communicating with the environment is achieved through a number of pathways that receive and process signals originating from the external environment, from other cells within the organism and also from different regions within the cell. In addition to adapting the function of an org ...
... The function of communicating with the environment is achieved through a number of pathways that receive and process signals originating from the external environment, from other cells within the organism and also from different regions within the cell. In addition to adapting the function of an org ...
Apical-basal patterning in Arabidopsis - Development
... originates from descendants of both the apical and the basal daughter cell of the zygote. We have isolated a mutant of a new gene named BODENLOS (BDL) in which the primary root meristem is not formed whereas postembryonic roots develop and bdl seedlings give rise to fertile adult plants. Some bdl se ...
... originates from descendants of both the apical and the basal daughter cell of the zygote. We have isolated a mutant of a new gene named BODENLOS (BDL) in which the primary root meristem is not formed whereas postembryonic roots develop and bdl seedlings give rise to fertile adult plants. Some bdl se ...
Four-cell stage mouse blastomeres have different developmental
... to whether the labelled or unlabelled blastomere first underwent the two- to four-cell stage division. Embryos were examined at the fourcell stage and those with tetrahedral morphology (three blastomeres gathered around the attached polar body and the fourth one more distal) were scored from the pos ...
... to whether the labelled or unlabelled blastomere first underwent the two- to four-cell stage division. Embryos were examined at the fourcell stage and those with tetrahedral morphology (three blastomeres gathered around the attached polar body and the fourth one more distal) were scored from the pos ...
Subcellular trafficking kinetics of GLUT4 mutated at the N
... case of TGN38, both a transmembrane domain and a β-turn type of motif [17,18]. GLUT4 has several potential targeting domains and evidence has been presented suggesting that all three types of motif may be involved in GLUT4 trafficking. Piper et al. [19] have shown that GLUT1}GLUT4 and asialoglycopro ...
... case of TGN38, both a transmembrane domain and a β-turn type of motif [17,18]. GLUT4 has several potential targeting domains and evidence has been presented suggesting that all three types of motif may be involved in GLUT4 trafficking. Piper et al. [19] have shown that GLUT1}GLUT4 and asialoglycopro ...
Surge and destroy: the role of auxin in plant embryogenesis
... ubiquitin ligase, which then ubiquitinates AUX/IAA proteins, targeting them for destruction by the proteosome (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005) (see also Moon et al., 2004). AUX/IAA proteins contain potent transcriptional repression domains but do not bind DNA on their own. Instea ...
... ubiquitin ligase, which then ubiquitinates AUX/IAA proteins, targeting them for destruction by the proteosome (Dharmasiri et al., 2005; Kepinski and Leyser, 2005) (see also Moon et al., 2004). AUX/IAA proteins contain potent transcriptional repression domains but do not bind DNA on their own. Instea ...
Biology - Cellular, Molecular, Professional Emphasis (sample 4 Year Plan) 2011.doc
... Bio 341 Immunology (F) (3 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 350 Electron Microscopy (F) (4 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 354 Parasitology (S) (3 cr) Bio 374 Cell Immunology (3cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 389 Biotechnology (S) (3 cr) (if ...
... Bio 341 Immunology (F) (3 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 350 Electron Microscopy (F) (4 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 354 Parasitology (S) (3 cr) Bio 374 Cell Immunology (3cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 389 Biotechnology (S) (3 cr) (if ...
Many ways to telomere dysfunction: in vivo studies using
... (Boulton and Jackson, 1996, 1998; Laroche et al., 1998; Gravel et al., 1998; Nugent et al., 1998b). The analysis of Ku86 de®cient mice, however, depicts a very dierent scenario. Although Ku86 de®ciency in the mouse results in telomeric fusions (Bailey et al., 1999; Hsu et al., 2000; Samper et al., ...
... (Boulton and Jackson, 1996, 1998; Laroche et al., 1998; Gravel et al., 1998; Nugent et al., 1998b). The analysis of Ku86 de®cient mice, however, depicts a very dierent scenario. Although Ku86 de®ciency in the mouse results in telomeric fusions (Bailey et al., 1999; Hsu et al., 2000; Samper et al., ...
golgi apparatus, gerl, and lysosomes of neurons in rat dorsal root
... and adult (Holtzman) rats were studied . The fetuses were taken from ether-anesthetized females 16 days after they had been placed with males overnight . In each experiment one embryo was placed in warm Hanks' solution . The whole spinal column was rapidly removed and transferred to ice-chilled glut ...
... and adult (Holtzman) rats were studied . The fetuses were taken from ether-anesthetized females 16 days after they had been placed with males overnight . In each experiment one embryo was placed in warm Hanks' solution . The whole spinal column was rapidly removed and transferred to ice-chilled glut ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.