Wood - 2010 - Nat Rev Genet
... associate with the nucleolus. Condensin binds all yeast tDNA genes24,25, and disruption of any condensin subunit causes the dispersal of tDNA clusters and infrequent association with the nucleolus. Chemical inhibition of RNAPIII transcription has little effect on condensin binding to tDNA loci, show ...
... associate with the nucleolus. Condensin binds all yeast tDNA genes24,25, and disruption of any condensin subunit causes the dispersal of tDNA clusters and infrequent association with the nucleolus. Chemical inhibition of RNAPIII transcription has little effect on condensin binding to tDNA loci, show ...
regionally specific induction by the spemann
... and inductive properties of which are of paramount importance for the early establishment of the vertebrate body plan. Grafted to the ventral side of a host embryo, the DORSAL BLASTOPORE LIP, which corresponds to the organizer in amphibians, induces a twinned embryo1. The organizer differentiates in ...
... and inductive properties of which are of paramount importance for the early establishment of the vertebrate body plan. Grafted to the ventral side of a host embryo, the DORSAL BLASTOPORE LIP, which corresponds to the organizer in amphibians, induces a twinned embryo1. The organizer differentiates in ...
Fibronectin and Other Adhesive Glycoproteins
... 2009) (see Chap. 1). It has been noted that the N-terminal sub-domain of the VWF type C module of a2 procollagen shows a structural similarity with the fibronectin FN1 module (O’Leary et al. 2004) and suggested that the VWF type C module, which has been found in a large number of proteins of flies a ...
... 2009) (see Chap. 1). It has been noted that the N-terminal sub-domain of the VWF type C module of a2 procollagen shows a structural similarity with the fibronectin FN1 module (O’Leary et al. 2004) and suggested that the VWF type C module, which has been found in a large number of proteins of flies a ...
Microtubule Reconfiguration during Axonal Retraction Induced by
... The prevailing view is that cytoskeletal elements depolymerize extensively during physiological axonal retraction (Song and Poo, 1999). This view is largely based on pharmacological studies showing that wholesale microtubule depolymerization can indeed cause axons to retract (Yamada et al., 1970; Da ...
... The prevailing view is that cytoskeletal elements depolymerize extensively during physiological axonal retraction (Song and Poo, 1999). This view is largely based on pharmacological studies showing that wholesale microtubule depolymerization can indeed cause axons to retract (Yamada et al., 1970; Da ...
The Spemann Organizer Signal noggin Binds and
... receptor—was not inhibited by the presence of this antibody (Figure 6D). We then compared the blocking antibody, MAb1A4, with the nonblocking antibodies 2C3 and 5B1 for their ability to immunoprecipitate a noggin-BMP4 complex. A 50-fold molar excess of each antibody was preincubated with noggin prot ...
... receptor—was not inhibited by the presence of this antibody (Figure 6D). We then compared the blocking antibody, MAb1A4, with the nonblocking antibodies 2C3 and 5B1 for their ability to immunoprecipitate a noggin-BMP4 complex. A 50-fold molar excess of each antibody was preincubated with noggin prot ...
Further analysis on lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+
... concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The result indicated the lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration (Nishimura and Oyama, 2010; Kimura et al., 2011). Removal of external Ca2+ increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 fluorescence under control condition (Fig. 2). The mechanis ...
... concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The result indicated the lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration (Nishimura and Oyama, 2010; Kimura et al., 2011). Removal of external Ca2+ increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 fluorescence under control condition (Fig. 2). The mechanis ...
title of the thesis - UWSpace
... gastrulation. The spatial and temporal regulation of cell movement requires a highly coordinated cross-talk between cadherin and integrin adhesion receptors. While the adhesive properties and morphogenetic movements are well described, the molecular mechanisms controlling these behaviors remain unkn ...
... gastrulation. The spatial and temporal regulation of cell movement requires a highly coordinated cross-talk between cadherin and integrin adhesion receptors. While the adhesive properties and morphogenetic movements are well described, the molecular mechanisms controlling these behaviors remain unkn ...
Functional Domains within Fusion Proteins: Prospectives for
... in detail in phospholipid membranes. It was suggested that it likely inhibits membrane fusion from the surface of the lipid bilayer, but not by forming a tight, stoichiometric complex with the phospholipids (Yeagle et al., 1992; Dentino et al., 1995). In addition, Apolipoprotein A-I and its amphipat ...
... in detail in phospholipid membranes. It was suggested that it likely inhibits membrane fusion from the surface of the lipid bilayer, but not by forming a tight, stoichiometric complex with the phospholipids (Yeagle et al., 1992; Dentino et al., 1995). In addition, Apolipoprotein A-I and its amphipat ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
... minimizes the energetic cost for lipids to exist in a polar, aqueous environment. The hydrophobic core region makes the bilayer impermeable by blocking passage of polar molecules. Membrane lipids have different properties depending on the chemical composition of their head and tail regions. The hea ...
... minimizes the energetic cost for lipids to exist in a polar, aqueous environment. The hydrophobic core region makes the bilayer impermeable by blocking passage of polar molecules. Membrane lipids have different properties depending on the chemical composition of their head and tail regions. The hea ...
Exocytosis acts as a modulator of the ILT4
... is critical for their antimicrobial activity. Three granule subsets have been characterized: gelatinase, specific, and azurophil granules. They enclose proteolytic enzymes and antimicrobial peptides in their luminal space whereas their membranes contain receptors. Neutrophils also have secretory vesi ...
... is critical for their antimicrobial activity. Three granule subsets have been characterized: gelatinase, specific, and azurophil granules. They enclose proteolytic enzymes and antimicrobial peptides in their luminal space whereas their membranes contain receptors. Neutrophils also have secretory vesi ...
The role of yolk syncytial layer and blastoderm movements during
... methodological foundation allowing its use as a vertebrate model organism (Streisinger et al., 1981; Westerfield, 2000). Indeed, the zebrafish embryo offers many advantages to study embryonic development compared to other organisms. It is very easy to handle; it develops externally and it is relativ ...
... methodological foundation allowing its use as a vertebrate model organism (Streisinger et al., 1981; Westerfield, 2000). Indeed, the zebrafish embryo offers many advantages to study embryonic development compared to other organisms. It is very easy to handle; it develops externally and it is relativ ...
HELICOBACTER PYLORI VacA, A PARADIGM FOR TOXIN
... with the plasma membrane of cells can be categorized into several groups. Members of one group insert into the plasma membrane to form pores or channels. Members of a second group are enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of components of the plasma membrane (or, sometimes, components of the extracell ...
... with the plasma membrane of cells can be categorized into several groups. Members of one group insert into the plasma membrane to form pores or channels. Members of a second group are enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of components of the plasma membrane (or, sometimes, components of the extracell ...
Role of the posterior vacuole in Spraguea lophii (Microsporidia
... oxygen generated was proportional to the level of spore firing and the amount of H2O2 substrate added to the medium containing primed spore material. In the absence of hydrogen peroxide, activated spores yielded no detectable oxygen and spore hatching was greatly reduced. The enzyme ACOX is always f ...
... oxygen generated was proportional to the level of spore firing and the amount of H2O2 substrate added to the medium containing primed spore material. In the absence of hydrogen peroxide, activated spores yielded no detectable oxygen and spore hatching was greatly reduced. The enzyme ACOX is always f ...
Oxidative stress stimulates multiple MAPK signalling pathways and
... Various reports have documented the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways in redox-stressed cells and tissues, including mammalian cardiac myocytes and intact myocardium (reviewed in Sugden and Clerk, 1998; Franklin and McCubrey, 2000). However, the factors t ...
... Various reports have documented the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways in redox-stressed cells and tissues, including mammalian cardiac myocytes and intact myocardium (reviewed in Sugden and Clerk, 1998; Franklin and McCubrey, 2000). However, the factors t ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... OMVs showed the presence of components from the OM as well as other cellular compartments. Therefore, these structures were called ‘membrane vesicles’, ‘extracellular vesicles’, ‘outer membrane fragments’ or ‘blebs’ (Mayrand & Grenier, 1989), although the historical term ‘outer membrane vesicles’ is ...
... OMVs showed the presence of components from the OM as well as other cellular compartments. Therefore, these structures were called ‘membrane vesicles’, ‘extracellular vesicles’, ‘outer membrane fragments’ or ‘blebs’ (Mayrand & Grenier, 1989), although the historical term ‘outer membrane vesicles’ is ...
The Role of Auxin in Abscission of Organs and Tissues
... secondary AZs, also referred to as adventitious AZs, are formed as a response to non-developmental cues, usually late in the development of the lateral organ (Addicott, 1982; Webster & Leopold, 1972; Pierik, 1977, 1980). The number of AZ layers is highly variable between species (Taylor & Whitelaw, ...
... secondary AZs, also referred to as adventitious AZs, are formed as a response to non-developmental cues, usually late in the development of the lateral organ (Addicott, 1982; Webster & Leopold, 1972; Pierik, 1977, 1980). The number of AZ layers is highly variable between species (Taylor & Whitelaw, ...
Multiple classes of yeast mutants are defective in vacuole
... date, few yeast mutants had been identified that are defective in vacuole partitioning (vac), and most such mutants are also defective in vacuole protein sorting (vps) from the Golgi to the vacuole. Both the vps mutants and previously identified non-vps vac mutants display an altered vacuolar morpho ...
... date, few yeast mutants had been identified that are defective in vacuole partitioning (vac), and most such mutants are also defective in vacuole protein sorting (vps) from the Golgi to the vacuole. Both the vps mutants and previously identified non-vps vac mutants display an altered vacuolar morpho ...
Sialic Acid Binding Domains of CD22 Are Required For Negative
... myelin-associated glycoprotein (Siglec-4), Siglec-5, Siglec-6, Siglec7, Siglec-8, Siglec-9, Siglec-10, mSiglec-E, MIS, and S2V, are type 1 transmembrane proteins containing multiple extracellular Ig-like domains that recognize different types and linkages of sialic acid (1). Most Siglecs, including ...
... myelin-associated glycoprotein (Siglec-4), Siglec-5, Siglec-6, Siglec7, Siglec-8, Siglec-9, Siglec-10, mSiglec-E, MIS, and S2V, are type 1 transmembrane proteins containing multiple extracellular Ig-like domains that recognize different types and linkages of sialic acid (1). Most Siglecs, including ...
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of
... extracellular and plasma membrane proteins brought there by endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These include macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), microautoph ...
... extracellular and plasma membrane proteins brought there by endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These include macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), microautoph ...
Functional Analysis of Class 1 RSL Genes in Caulonema and
... and Dietrich, 1997; Cove, 2005). After caulonema cell division in the distal region of protonemal filaments, a small swelling usually forms at the apical end of the second or third sub-apical cells and subsequently develops into a side branch initial. Before side branch cell division, bundles of mic ...
... and Dietrich, 1997; Cove, 2005). After caulonema cell division in the distal region of protonemal filaments, a small swelling usually forms at the apical end of the second or third sub-apical cells and subsequently develops into a side branch initial. Before side branch cell division, bundles of mic ...
ELM1 is required for multidrug resistance in
... factor SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase) (MILGROM et al. 2005). However, factors other than Pdr1 and SAGA that are required for proper transcriptional regulation of PDR5 remain to be ...
... factor SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase) (MILGROM et al. 2005). However, factors other than Pdr1 and SAGA that are required for proper transcriptional regulation of PDR5 remain to be ...
Combinatorial signals from the neural tube, floor plate and
... expressed in proliferating myoblasts prior to their differentiation into skeletal muscle (Tapscott et al., 1988; Braun et al. 1989), these myogenic transcription factors are the earliest available markers of myogenic precursor cells. Therefore, we monitored the expression of MyoD and Myf-5 to assay ...
... expressed in proliferating myoblasts prior to their differentiation into skeletal muscle (Tapscott et al., 1988; Braun et al. 1989), these myogenic transcription factors are the earliest available markers of myogenic precursor cells. Therefore, we monitored the expression of MyoD and Myf-5 to assay ...
BMP4 regulation of sensory organ development in the chick inner ear
... All living organisms have developed highly specialized structures that are receptive to mechanical forces originating either from the surrounding environment or from within the organism itself. Among the most elaborate and greatly efficient of such structures are the mechanotransducers responsible f ...
... All living organisms have developed highly specialized structures that are receptive to mechanical forces originating either from the surrounding environment or from within the organism itself. Among the most elaborate and greatly efficient of such structures are the mechanotransducers responsible f ...
Mutational Analysis of Synaptobrevin Transmembrane Domain
... The vast majority of information about SNAREs arises from studies of the soluble cytoplasmic domains, but it is now becoming clear that the transmembrane domains affect both the structure and the function of SNAREs. Synaptobrevin forms a complex with synaptophysin that is dependent on the presence o ...
... The vast majority of information about SNAREs arises from studies of the soluble cytoplasmic domains, but it is now becoming clear that the transmembrane domains affect both the structure and the function of SNAREs. Synaptobrevin forms a complex with synaptophysin that is dependent on the presence o ...
Photoactivatable GFP tagging cassettes for protein
... Yeast cell biologists use a variety of fluorescent protein tags for determining protein localization and for measuring protein dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Although many modern fluorescent proteins, such as those with photoactivatable and photoconvertible charact ...
... Yeast cell biologists use a variety of fluorescent protein tags for determining protein localization and for measuring protein dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Although many modern fluorescent proteins, such as those with photoactivatable and photoconvertible charact ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.