Seed Germination and Dormancy
... walls allows for their elongation. Whether the mechanisms by which cells of the radicle become more extensible differs from those in other tissues is not known. Cell wall loosening may result from the cleavage and rejoining of xyloglucan molecules that tether adjacent cellulose microfibrils, which w ...
... walls allows for their elongation. Whether the mechanisms by which cells of the radicle become more extensible differs from those in other tissues is not known. Cell wall loosening may result from the cleavage and rejoining of xyloglucan molecules that tether adjacent cellulose microfibrils, which w ...
Lipid interaction of the C terminus and association of the
... processes. Homotypic fusion, i.e., the merging of identical membranes, is required for the remodeling of organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Both organelles contain membrane tubules that are connected into a network by homotypic fusion (1, 2). Much less is known ab ...
... processes. Homotypic fusion, i.e., the merging of identical membranes, is required for the remodeling of organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Both organelles contain membrane tubules that are connected into a network by homotypic fusion (1, 2). Much less is known ab ...
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling by
... Binding of EGF (see Figure) leads to the conversion of the EGFR kinase from an inactive (grey) into a catalytically active conformation (orange). Key to this process is the formation of asymmetric kinase dimers, in which the large C-lobe of one kinase (the ‘activator’; grey) contacts the small N-lob ...
... Binding of EGF (see Figure) leads to the conversion of the EGFR kinase from an inactive (grey) into a catalytically active conformation (orange). Key to this process is the formation of asymmetric kinase dimers, in which the large C-lobe of one kinase (the ‘activator’; grey) contacts the small N-lob ...
Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuit Controlled by the
... for TAL1 complex members determined in our study with those described by three other groups (Hollenhorst et al., 2009; Palii et al., 2011b; Valouev et al., 2008), we determined that ETS1 occupancy correlates with the binding of other members of the TAL1 complex, as compared with two non-ETS transcri ...
... for TAL1 complex members determined in our study with those described by three other groups (Hollenhorst et al., 2009; Palii et al., 2011b; Valouev et al., 2008), we determined that ETS1 occupancy correlates with the binding of other members of the TAL1 complex, as compared with two non-ETS transcri ...
The TSC1–TSC2 complex: a molecular switchboard controlling cell
... were found to rescue the lethality caused by Tsc1 mutations [26]. These studies demonstrated that the TSC1–TSC2 complex acts as an upstream inhibitor of S6K, perhaps through inhibition of TOR signalling. TOR proteins are serine/threonine kinases of the PIKK (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase) ...
... were found to rescue the lethality caused by Tsc1 mutations [26]. These studies demonstrated that the TSC1–TSC2 complex acts as an upstream inhibitor of S6K, perhaps through inhibition of TOR signalling. TOR proteins are serine/threonine kinases of the PIKK (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase) ...
Mitochondrial translation factors of Trypanosoma brucei: elongation
... Extraction of whole cells with low concentrations of digitonin was used to obtain crude mitochondrial fractions that are incubated either with α-ketoglutarate, the substrate for SUBPHOS, or with succinate, a substrate for OXPHOS. Atractyloside, which prevents mitochondrial import of ADP, inhibits bo ...
... Extraction of whole cells with low concentrations of digitonin was used to obtain crude mitochondrial fractions that are incubated either with α-ketoglutarate, the substrate for SUBPHOS, or with succinate, a substrate for OXPHOS. Atractyloside, which prevents mitochondrial import of ADP, inhibits bo ...
Making a Connection: Direct Binding between
... In the absence of the NH2-terminal head domain, DPI molecules were unable to associate with desmosomal plaques, and instead they colocalized with the endogenous IF network (Stappenbeck and Green, 1992; Stappenbeck et al., 1993). In both fibroblasts and in simple epithelial cells, this association wa ...
... In the absence of the NH2-terminal head domain, DPI molecules were unable to associate with desmosomal plaques, and instead they colocalized with the endogenous IF network (Stappenbeck and Green, 1992; Stappenbeck et al., 1993). In both fibroblasts and in simple epithelial cells, this association wa ...
Compare TIRF Geometries
... TIRF is a powerful analytical technique with numerous applications in the area of life sciences [1-3]. In particular, TIRF is “...a method uniquely suited to image the plasma membrane with its associated organelles and macromolecules in living cells. The method shows even the smallest vesicles made ...
... TIRF is a powerful analytical technique with numerous applications in the area of life sciences [1-3]. In particular, TIRF is “...a method uniquely suited to image the plasma membrane with its associated organelles and macromolecules in living cells. The method shows even the smallest vesicles made ...
Document
... replenish amino acids and energy during starvation or growth factor withdrawal; (d) acting on or in concert with the molecular machineries and organelles at the interface between cell survival and cell death (e) controlling and acting as an effector or a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and ...
... replenish amino acids and energy during starvation or growth factor withdrawal; (d) acting on or in concert with the molecular machineries and organelles at the interface between cell survival and cell death (e) controlling and acting as an effector or a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and ...
S C T
... acids, isoprenoids or sterols. Lipid-protein assemblies containing these three types of lipids are found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, while lipidprotein assemblies containing glycosylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol are found only in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. ...
... acids, isoprenoids or sterols. Lipid-protein assemblies containing these three types of lipids are found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, while lipidprotein assemblies containing glycosylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol are found only in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. ...
The dehydratase ADT3 affects ROS homeostasis
... Original project conceived by KMW; KMW supervised the experiments; KMW performed lab experiments (except proteome) with technical assistance from DM, DO-N, RM, with SA and MJN conducting the proteome on KMW samples, and AP handling data analysis of all proteomic data; KMW designed the experiments wi ...
... Original project conceived by KMW; KMW supervised the experiments; KMW performed lab experiments (except proteome) with technical assistance from DM, DO-N, RM, with SA and MJN conducting the proteome on KMW samples, and AP handling data analysis of all proteomic data; KMW designed the experiments wi ...
Characterization of the Nucleolar Gene Product, Treacle, in Treacher Collins Syndrome
... caused by mutations in the gene TCOF1. Its gene product, treacle, consists mainly of a central repeat domain, which shows it to be structurally related to the nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140. Treacle remains mostly uncharacterized to date. Herein we show that it, like Nopp140, is a highly phosphory ...
... caused by mutations in the gene TCOF1. Its gene product, treacle, consists mainly of a central repeat domain, which shows it to be structurally related to the nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140. Treacle remains mostly uncharacterized to date. Herein we show that it, like Nopp140, is a highly phosphory ...
Theoretical analysis of the stages in bacterial lag phase
... biomass distribution is a good variable for characterizing bacterial cultures at any one time. A backwards shift and narrowing of the biomass distribution is commonly observed when a bacterial culture enters the stationary phase (Montesinos, 1982). This behaviour was well reproduced by INDISIM simul ...
... biomass distribution is a good variable for characterizing bacterial cultures at any one time. A backwards shift and narrowing of the biomass distribution is commonly observed when a bacterial culture enters the stationary phase (Montesinos, 1982). This behaviour was well reproduced by INDISIM simul ...
Thesis titel 1.5 final - SciDok
... Methods: This thesis has a broader aim to construct a complete artificial system for in vitro culture of cells at the liquid│liquid interface like in the developing avian eggs. Even though it was not possible to accomplish the mission in the time span of this thesis work, the preliminary investigat ...
... Methods: This thesis has a broader aim to construct a complete artificial system for in vitro culture of cells at the liquid│liquid interface like in the developing avian eggs. Even though it was not possible to accomplish the mission in the time span of this thesis work, the preliminary investigat ...
The Calpain-Calpastatin System and the Calcium Paradox in the
... following a short period of Ca2+ deprivation [8], is caused by a massive Ca2+ influx [9-10]. The Ca2+ paradox has been experimentally induced in mammalian [8], amphibian [11] and avian [12] myocardium and although the exact mechanisms are uncertain, some major points have been noted: First, a Ca2+ d ...
... following a short period of Ca2+ deprivation [8], is caused by a massive Ca2+ influx [9-10]. The Ca2+ paradox has been experimentally induced in mammalian [8], amphibian [11] and avian [12] myocardium and although the exact mechanisms are uncertain, some major points have been noted: First, a Ca2+ d ...
The 21-day postnatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cell in culture as
... female Sprague–Dawley rats and cultured in tissue culture flasks, as described. On day 7, Ara-C-supplemented culture medium was replaced with culture medium containing no added Ara-C. On days 9, 11 and 13, TPA (Sigma; 50 ng/ml final concentration in culture medium) was added with fresh medium to the ...
... female Sprague–Dawley rats and cultured in tissue culture flasks, as described. On day 7, Ara-C-supplemented culture medium was replaced with culture medium containing no added Ara-C. On days 9, 11 and 13, TPA (Sigma; 50 ng/ml final concentration in culture medium) was added with fresh medium to the ...
PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation
... exists in the plant, which has the ability to relay information about an environmental cue from the site of its perception to the tissues that react by altering their growth rates. Not only does this signal move, but it must be transported through plant tissues in a highly controlled manner, for exa ...
... exists in the plant, which has the ability to relay information about an environmental cue from the site of its perception to the tissues that react by altering their growth rates. Not only does this signal move, but it must be transported through plant tissues in a highly controlled manner, for exa ...
Dynamics of Tubulovesicular Recycling Endosomes in Hippocampal
... recycling endosomes in nonpolarized cells (Prekeris et al., 1998). To determine the subcellular localization of syntaxin 13 in neuronal cells, we stained embryonic and postnatal cultured hippocampal neurons with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies raised against syntaxin 13. In both neuronal cul ...
... recycling endosomes in nonpolarized cells (Prekeris et al., 1998). To determine the subcellular localization of syntaxin 13 in neuronal cells, we stained embryonic and postnatal cultured hippocampal neurons with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies raised against syntaxin 13. In both neuronal cul ...
Localization of retinitis pigmentosa 2 to cilia is regulated by Importin 2
... cilium or centrosome. The gene encoding the retinitis pigmentosa 2 protein (RP2) is mutated in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. RP2 localizes to the ciliary base and this requires the dual acylation of the N-terminus, but the precise mechanism by which RP2 is trafficked to the cilia is unknown. Here w ...
... cilium or centrosome. The gene encoding the retinitis pigmentosa 2 protein (RP2) is mutated in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. RP2 localizes to the ciliary base and this requires the dual acylation of the N-terminus, but the precise mechanism by which RP2 is trafficked to the cilia is unknown. Here w ...
Exceptional preservation of Miocene pollen: plasmolysis captured in
... of spheroidal form and seem to represent a convex form of plasmolysis. In practice, they are indeed spheroidal in inaperturate grains of Cupressaceae (Fig. 2.2-2.3) and Potamogeton (Fig. 2.1). In tricolporate grains (excluding short-axial Tilia) the structures are spheroidal in equatorial view. In p ...
... of spheroidal form and seem to represent a convex form of plasmolysis. In practice, they are indeed spheroidal in inaperturate grains of Cupressaceae (Fig. 2.2-2.3) and Potamogeton (Fig. 2.1). In tricolporate grains (excluding short-axial Tilia) the structures are spheroidal in equatorial view. In p ...
Regulation and mechanism of potassium release from K analysis
... largely been restricted to two areas: compartmental analysis, in which efflux kinetics are used to determine subcellular pool sizes as well as other fluxes such as influx into the cell, and fluxes to the vacuole and shoot (Pitman & Saddler, 1967; Macklon, 1975; Memon et al., 1985; Kronzucker et al., ...
... largely been restricted to two areas: compartmental analysis, in which efflux kinetics are used to determine subcellular pool sizes as well as other fluxes such as influx into the cell, and fluxes to the vacuole and shoot (Pitman & Saddler, 1967; Macklon, 1975; Memon et al., 1985; Kronzucker et al., ...
High-resolution imaging of cardiomyocyte behavior
... series of complex morphogenetic processes that transforms it from a simple myocardial epithelium to the complex 3D structure required for its function. One of these processes leads to the formation of trabeculae to optimize the internal structure of the ventricle for efficient conduction and contrac ...
... series of complex morphogenetic processes that transforms it from a simple myocardial epithelium to the complex 3D structure required for its function. One of these processes leads to the formation of trabeculae to optimize the internal structure of the ventricle for efficient conduction and contrac ...
Negative regulators of integrin activity - Journal of Cell Science
... (Calderwood et al., 2003). The PTB domains of tensins 1–4, numb and docking protein 1 (DOK1) bind to the same membraneproximal NPxY motif in integrins as talin and are thus expected to compete with talin for integrin binding (Fig. 3). However, the relative binding affinities of these interactions ar ...
... (Calderwood et al., 2003). The PTB domains of tensins 1–4, numb and docking protein 1 (DOK1) bind to the same membraneproximal NPxY motif in integrins as talin and are thus expected to compete with talin for integrin binding (Fig. 3). However, the relative binding affinities of these interactions ar ...
The Metamorphosis of the Aleurone Protein Storage Vacuole
... may accumulate hundreds of protein storage vacuoles. Protein storage vacuoles have been intensively investigated in the cotyledons of legumes and in the endosperm of cereals. Despite their functional similarities, differences in protein storage vacuole structure and biogenesis exist between species ...
... may accumulate hundreds of protein storage vacuoles. Protein storage vacuoles have been intensively investigated in the cotyledons of legumes and in the endosperm of cereals. Despite their functional similarities, differences in protein storage vacuole structure and biogenesis exist between species ...
p23 and organization of the Golgi apparatus
... may act as cargo adaptors, and specifically interact with cargo molecules on transport vesicles (Schimmöller et al., 1995; Belden and Barlowe, 1996). Until now, no specific association between a p24 protein and a cargo molecule has been reported. However, it is possible that p24-cargo interactions a ...
... may act as cargo adaptors, and specifically interact with cargo molecules on transport vesicles (Schimmöller et al., 1995; Belden and Barlowe, 1996). Until now, no specific association between a p24 protein and a cargo molecule has been reported. However, it is possible that p24-cargo interactions a ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.