Platelet surface glutathione reductase-like activity
... simultaneously (0 seconds) with a subthreshold concentration of collagen (0.1 g/mL) or 1 minute (60 seconds) before the subthreshold dose of collagen. (Controls not shown demonstrated the stimulatory effect of GSH (10 M) or GSH (10 M) with GSSG [2 M], added simultaneously with the same dose of c ...
... simultaneously (0 seconds) with a subthreshold concentration of collagen (0.1 g/mL) or 1 minute (60 seconds) before the subthreshold dose of collagen. (Controls not shown demonstrated the stimulatory effect of GSH (10 M) or GSH (10 M) with GSSG [2 M], added simultaneously with the same dose of c ...
Control of Leaf and Vein Development by Auxin
... Figure 2. Stages of leaf development and associated polarities of auxin transport. (A) Leaf initials are specified at the flanks of the SAM ( purple) and correspond to sites of elevated auxin activity (red) resulting from convergence points of PIN1 polarity in the epidermal layer (black arrows). Fro ...
... Figure 2. Stages of leaf development and associated polarities of auxin transport. (A) Leaf initials are specified at the flanks of the SAM ( purple) and correspond to sites of elevated auxin activity (red) resulting from convergence points of PIN1 polarity in the epidermal layer (black arrows). Fro ...
Maternal mRNAs are regulated by diverse P body
... particles in the cytoplasm of developing oocytes (Fig. 2 B). In arrested fog-2(q71) oocytes, the developmental expression pattern was not altered, but PUF-5 became tightly localized to large cytoplasmic foci (Fig. 2 C). Wild-type hermaphrodites depleted of sperm formed similar large particles, where ...
... particles in the cytoplasm of developing oocytes (Fig. 2 B). In arrested fog-2(q71) oocytes, the developmental expression pattern was not altered, but PUF-5 became tightly localized to large cytoplasmic foci (Fig. 2 C). Wild-type hermaphrodites depleted of sperm formed similar large particles, where ...
Isolation and characterization of the Pin1/Ess1p homologue in
... and Mik1/Wee1 protein kinases. Mitotic entry requires dephosphorylation of these two residues by protein phosphatase, Cdc25. The activity and subcellular localization of Cdc25 are also controlled by phosphorylation. In interphase Cdc25 is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a hypophosphorylated, low act ...
... and Mik1/Wee1 protein kinases. Mitotic entry requires dephosphorylation of these two residues by protein phosphatase, Cdc25. The activity and subcellular localization of Cdc25 are also controlled by phosphorylation. In interphase Cdc25 is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a hypophosphorylated, low act ...
Lateral root initiation is a probabilistic event whose frequency is set
... Treating roots with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin that can enter cells without the aid of auxin input carriers, confirms that there is a gradient of responsiveness. After addition of NAA, LRP form along the entire length of the root, but are most concentrated in the basal meriste ...
... Treating roots with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin that can enter cells without the aid of auxin input carriers, confirms that there is a gradient of responsiveness. After addition of NAA, LRP form along the entire length of the root, but are most concentrated in the basal meriste ...
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... cell wall, but bacterial multiplication is gradually affected. Evidently, the cell division mechanism of diplococcic bacteria belonging to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative needs further exploration. It is well-established that the duplication and subsequent error-free segregation of chromosomes ...
... cell wall, but bacterial multiplication is gradually affected. Evidently, the cell division mechanism of diplococcic bacteria belonging to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative needs further exploration. It is well-established that the duplication and subsequent error-free segregation of chromosomes ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... später zum Verfahrensabbruch oder zur Rücknahme des erlangten Grades führen. ...
... später zum Verfahrensabbruch oder zur Rücknahme des erlangten Grades führen. ...
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... epithelium and differentiation of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme surrounding the ureteric bud into epithelial kidney tubules. These synchronous events are regulated by interactions between the ureteric epithelium and the mesenchyme (Grobstein, 1955; Saxen etal. 1968). The mechanisms underlying these ...
... epithelium and differentiation of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme surrounding the ureteric bud into epithelial kidney tubules. These synchronous events are regulated by interactions between the ureteric epithelium and the mesenchyme (Grobstein, 1955; Saxen etal. 1968). The mechanisms underlying these ...
Lignin biosynthesis in Norway spruce: from a model system to the tree
... study in detail the roles of individual gene family members during developmental and stress-induced lignification, using EST sequencing and real-time RT-PCR. We used, as a model, a Norway spruce tissue culture line that produces extracellular lignin into the culture medium, and showed that lignin po ...
... study in detail the roles of individual gene family members during developmental and stress-induced lignification, using EST sequencing and real-time RT-PCR. We used, as a model, a Norway spruce tissue culture line that produces extracellular lignin into the culture medium, and showed that lignin po ...
The p57 CDKi integrates stress signals into cellcycle progression to
... assessed p57 phosphorylation upon osmostress. HeLa cells expressing Flag–p57 or Flag–p57T143A were subjected to osmostress and we found that only p57 but not p57T143A was phosphorylated (Figure 3C). The importance of finding a novel in-vivo p38 substrate prompted us to generate specific antibodies tar ...
... assessed p57 phosphorylation upon osmostress. HeLa cells expressing Flag–p57 or Flag–p57T143A were subjected to osmostress and we found that only p57 but not p57T143A was phosphorylated (Figure 3C). The importance of finding a novel in-vivo p38 substrate prompted us to generate specific antibodies tar ...
Inositol trisphosphate and calcium oscillations
... oscillator might function is to follow what happens when cells are stimulated with the low agonist concentrations that set up Ca2+ oscillations. The agonist usually has two effects. It acts to stimulate the formation of InsP3, but this is not sufficient at low agonist concentrations to stimulate rel ...
... oscillator might function is to follow what happens when cells are stimulated with the low agonist concentrations that set up Ca2+ oscillations. The agonist usually has two effects. It acts to stimulate the formation of InsP3, but this is not sufficient at low agonist concentrations to stimulate rel ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... coli (EHEC), resulting in 5 to 7 days of bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and severe cramping before recovery. About 15% of the time the disease progresses into life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) [17], which children and the elderly are particularly susceptible to develop [18]. Stx productio ...
... coli (EHEC), resulting in 5 to 7 days of bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and severe cramping before recovery. About 15% of the time the disease progresses into life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) [17], which children and the elderly are particularly susceptible to develop [18]. Stx productio ...
Dominant-Negative Receptor Uncovers
... and differentiation take place. The basic pattern and identity of the shoots are determined at the shoot apical meristem, and their final size and shape, which contribute to the diversity of the plant form, are elaborated by localized cell division and cell expansion during plant organ morphogenesis ...
... and differentiation take place. The basic pattern and identity of the shoots are determined at the shoot apical meristem, and their final size and shape, which contribute to the diversity of the plant form, are elaborated by localized cell division and cell expansion during plant organ morphogenesis ...
View PDF - OMICS International
... Expressions of glgC and glgA genes are regulated by intracellular bacterial signals, which denote the energy status of the cell [40]. Deletion or mutations in glgC gene prevent glycogen synthesis in E. coli. [9]. The outcome of recent studies suggested that a tiny amount of glycogen can be synthesiz ...
... Expressions of glgC and glgA genes are regulated by intracellular bacterial signals, which denote the energy status of the cell [40]. Deletion or mutations in glgC gene prevent glycogen synthesis in E. coli. [9]. The outcome of recent studies suggested that a tiny amount of glycogen can be synthesiz ...
Regulation of Arabidopsis Leaf Hydraulics Involves
... Plant water status critically affects two major functions of plant leaves: stomata-mediated photosynthetic gas exchange and expansion growth, which both rely on the proper maintenance of leaf cell turgor and are regulated by the water stress–induced hormone abscisic acid (ABA) (Parent et al., 2009; ...
... Plant water status critically affects two major functions of plant leaves: stomata-mediated photosynthetic gas exchange and expansion growth, which both rely on the proper maintenance of leaf cell turgor and are regulated by the water stress–induced hormone abscisic acid (ABA) (Parent et al., 2009; ...
Linkage Novel Type of Antigen with an Isopeptide Peptide Splicing
... the scissile peptide bond, resulting in the formation of an O-acyl enzyme intermediate and the release of the C-terminal part of the peptide. In a second step, an aminolysis reaction takes place, in which this intermediate ester is captured by an amino group of a second peptide (the C-terminal ligat ...
... the scissile peptide bond, resulting in the formation of an O-acyl enzyme intermediate and the release of the C-terminal part of the peptide. In a second step, an aminolysis reaction takes place, in which this intermediate ester is captured by an amino group of a second peptide (the C-terminal ligat ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... vitro into filaments, sheets and other structures. To study the roles that GTP binding and hydrolysis play in the dynamics of FtsZ polymerization, the nucleotide contents of FtsZ were measured under different polymerizing conditions using a nitrocellulose filterbinding assay, whereas polymerization ...
... vitro into filaments, sheets and other structures. To study the roles that GTP binding and hydrolysis play in the dynamics of FtsZ polymerization, the nucleotide contents of FtsZ were measured under different polymerizing conditions using a nitrocellulose filterbinding assay, whereas polymerization ...
The Drosophila Sec7 domain guanine nucleotide exchange factor
... Protein trafficking through the secretory pathway plays a key role in epithelial organ development and function. The expansion of tracheal tubes in Drosophila depends on trafficking of coatomer protein complex I (COPI)-coated vesicles between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). How ...
... Protein trafficking through the secretory pathway plays a key role in epithelial organ development and function. The expansion of tracheal tubes in Drosophila depends on trafficking of coatomer protein complex I (COPI)-coated vesicles between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). How ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces a rapid dephosphorylation
... synthesis, was affected by BDNF stimulation, blots were analysed with Tau5, a phosphorylation-independent antibody that recognizes total tau. The results demonstrate that tau protein levels were unchanged following BDNF treatment, as tested by the Tau5 antibody. To verify further that the observed i ...
... synthesis, was affected by BDNF stimulation, blots were analysed with Tau5, a phosphorylation-independent antibody that recognizes total tau. The results demonstrate that tau protein levels were unchanged following BDNF treatment, as tested by the Tau5 antibody. To verify further that the observed i ...
Direct Interaction between Survivin and Smac/DIABLO Is Essential
... with equal amounts. This mixture was incubated first at 94 °C for 4 min, followed by first PCR (PCR1) of 94 °C denaturing for 1 min, 56 °C annealing for 1 min, and 72 °C extension for 1 min. After 10 cycles, another 8-min extension was added to ensure the completion of all the extension at 72 °C. Th ...
... with equal amounts. This mixture was incubated first at 94 °C for 4 min, followed by first PCR (PCR1) of 94 °C denaturing for 1 min, 56 °C annealing for 1 min, and 72 °C extension for 1 min. After 10 cycles, another 8-min extension was added to ensure the completion of all the extension at 72 °C. Th ...
Chromosome Dynamics in Meiotic Prophase I in
... leads to juxtaposition of homologs and the formation of bivalents [Zickler and Kleckner, 1999]. Synapsis closely follows pairing and is a process of installation of the proteinaceous synaptonemal complex between the homologous chromosomes in the bivalent [Zickler and Kleckner, 1999]. Recombination s ...
... leads to juxtaposition of homologs and the formation of bivalents [Zickler and Kleckner, 1999]. Synapsis closely follows pairing and is a process of installation of the proteinaceous synaptonemal complex between the homologous chromosomes in the bivalent [Zickler and Kleckner, 1999]. Recombination s ...
Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in neurodegenerative and
... the degradation of intracytoplasmic contents, including proteins and organelles such as mitochondria. The earliest morphologically recognizable intermediates in this pathway are phagophores, which evolve into double-membraned, sacshaped structures. After the edges of the phagophores extend and fuse, ...
... the degradation of intracytoplasmic contents, including proteins and organelles such as mitochondria. The earliest morphologically recognizable intermediates in this pathway are phagophores, which evolve into double-membraned, sacshaped structures. After the edges of the phagophores extend and fuse, ...
Assembling Neural Crest Regulatory Circuits into a Gene
... Neural crest cells form over a lengthy period of time during development that starts at gastrulation and extends into late organogenesis. This process is initiated by a combination of inductive signals emanating from environing tissues, such as the underlying mesoderm or adjacent neural and non-neur ...
... Neural crest cells form over a lengthy period of time during development that starts at gastrulation and extends into late organogenesis. This process is initiated by a combination of inductive signals emanating from environing tissues, such as the underlying mesoderm or adjacent neural and non-neur ...
The Notochord and Floor Plate Guide Growth Cones
... of the zebrafish spinal cord demonstrates that the floor plate is a source of guidance cues, these same results suggested that additional sources of guidance cues must exist at the ventral midline since a significant proportion of CoPA neurons followed their correct pathway despite the absence of th ...
... of the zebrafish spinal cord demonstrates that the floor plate is a source of guidance cues, these same results suggested that additional sources of guidance cues must exist at the ventral midline since a significant proportion of CoPA neurons followed their correct pathway despite the absence of th ...
ภาพนิ่ง 1
... The chemical structures of the S (counterclockwise array) and R (clockwise array) forms of cis-ABA, the (S)-2-trans form of ABA, and lunularic acid. The numbers in the diagram of (S)-cis-ABA identify the carbon atoms. ...
... The chemical structures of the S (counterclockwise array) and R (clockwise array) forms of cis-ABA, the (S)-2-trans form of ABA, and lunularic acid. The numbers in the diagram of (S)-cis-ABA identify the carbon atoms. ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.