The Notochord and Floor Plate Guide Growth Cones
... of the zebrafish spinal cord demonstrates that the floor plate is a source of guidance cues, these same results suggested that additional sources of guidance cues must exist at the ventral midline since a significant proportion of CoPA neurons followed their correct pathway despite the absence of th ...
... of the zebrafish spinal cord demonstrates that the floor plate is a source of guidance cues, these same results suggested that additional sources of guidance cues must exist at the ventral midline since a significant proportion of CoPA neurons followed their correct pathway despite the absence of th ...
Towards the Physics of Calcium Signalling in Plants
... Ca2+ can be perceived by calcium binding proteins that can lead to the activation of different cellular programmes. It has been suggested that the need to reduce the toxic effects of high free Ca2+ concentrations drove the evolution of components that could then be taken advantage of as calcium sign ...
... Ca2+ can be perceived by calcium binding proteins that can lead to the activation of different cellular programmes. It has been suggested that the need to reduce the toxic effects of high free Ca2+ concentrations drove the evolution of components that could then be taken advantage of as calcium sign ...
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice (Oryza sativa L - JMS
... A study concerning the effect of 2,4-D on indirect somatic embryogenesis and surface structural changes in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Lumbu Hijau was conducted. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of 2,4-D on the induction of somatic embryogenesis and to observe the developmen ...
... A study concerning the effect of 2,4-D on indirect somatic embryogenesis and surface structural changes in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Lumbu Hijau was conducted. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of 2,4-D on the induction of somatic embryogenesis and to observe the developmen ...
EGFR/Ras Signaling Controls Drosophila Intestinal Stem
... Cic Controls Stem Cell Proliferation in Fly Midgut ...
... Cic Controls Stem Cell Proliferation in Fly Midgut ...
The Populus homeobox gene ARBORKNOX2 regulates
... surface and increased cytokinin levels in several species (Lincoln et al., 1994; Chuck et al., 1996; Ori et al., 2000; Frugis et al., 2001). In Arabidopsis, BP overexpression plants have impaired lignin deposition in inflorescence stems during primary growth, whereas bp plants show ectopic lignifica ...
... surface and increased cytokinin levels in several species (Lincoln et al., 1994; Chuck et al., 1996; Ori et al., 2000; Frugis et al., 2001). In Arabidopsis, BP overexpression plants have impaired lignin deposition in inflorescence stems during primary growth, whereas bp plants show ectopic lignifica ...
Protein kinase C- modulates mitochondrial function and active Na
... processes in RPTC. Nony and colleagues (27) demonstrated that collagen IV, but not collagen I, fibronectin, or laminin, promotes the recovery of mitochondrial function and Na⫹/K⫹ activity in toxicant-injured RPTC. However, the exact cellular mechanisms and pathways that mediate the repair of these f ...
... processes in RPTC. Nony and colleagues (27) demonstrated that collagen IV, but not collagen I, fibronectin, or laminin, promotes the recovery of mitochondrial function and Na⫹/K⫹ activity in toxicant-injured RPTC. However, the exact cellular mechanisms and pathways that mediate the repair of these f ...
The N-Terminal Domain of ERK1 Accounts for the Functional
... Surprisingly, we found that ERK1 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm at a much slower rate than ERK2. This difference is caused by a domain of ERK1 located at its N-terminus since the progressive deletion of these residues converted the shuttling features of ERK1 into those of ERK2. Conversel ...
... Surprisingly, we found that ERK1 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm at a much slower rate than ERK2. This difference is caused by a domain of ERK1 located at its N-terminus since the progressive deletion of these residues converted the shuttling features of ERK1 into those of ERK2. Conversel ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... ABSTRACT The discovery of the organizer by Spemann and Mangold in 1924 raised two kinds of questions: those about the means of patterning the chordate body axis and those about the mechanisms of cell determination by induction. Some researchers, stressing the second, have suggested over the years th ...
... ABSTRACT The discovery of the organizer by Spemann and Mangold in 1924 raised two kinds of questions: those about the means of patterning the chordate body axis and those about the mechanisms of cell determination by induction. Some researchers, stressing the second, have suggested over the years th ...
Induction and Fixation of Polarity -Early Steps in Plant Morphogenesis
... Specific and complex forms of plants and animals emerge from simple, very often symmetric, origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “pola ...
... Specific and complex forms of plants and animals emerge from simple, very often symmetric, origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “pola ...
Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and cardiovascular disease
... associated with mitochondrial fission (red zone) and therapeutic interventions or molecular processes related to mitochondrial fusion and linked with an improved cardiovascular function (green zone). ...
... associated with mitochondrial fission (red zone) and therapeutic interventions or molecular processes related to mitochondrial fusion and linked with an improved cardiovascular function (green zone). ...
Presequence-Independent Manner Transported by the TIM23
... imidazole, 1 mM PMSF, 50 mM NaH2PO4), and bound proteins were eluted using the same buffer supplemented with 300 mM imidazole. Subsequently, imidazole was diluted using buffer C, and samples were incubated with IgG-Sepharose beads. Beads were washed extensively with buffer C, and bound protein was r ...
... imidazole, 1 mM PMSF, 50 mM NaH2PO4), and bound proteins were eluted using the same buffer supplemented with 300 mM imidazole. Subsequently, imidazole was diluted using buffer C, and samples were incubated with IgG-Sepharose beads. Beads were washed extensively with buffer C, and bound protein was r ...
THE ROLE OF NODAL SIGNALING IN PATTERNING THE
... Induction is the process whereby one group of cells signals to a second group of cells to specify or influence the fate of the second group of cells. In order for this process to occur, an inducer has to produce the signal (such as a secreted factor) and the responder cells must have competence to r ...
... Induction is the process whereby one group of cells signals to a second group of cells to specify or influence the fate of the second group of cells. In order for this process to occur, an inducer has to produce the signal (such as a secreted factor) and the responder cells must have competence to r ...
Physiology and molecular biology of petal senescence
... fluorescence after staining the DNA with a fluoroprobe, indicating DNA condensation. This is often accompanied by a decrease in nuclear diameter (Yamada et al., 2006a, b). In the petals of Ipomoea, a doubling of the number of DNA masses (‘nuclei’) per petal was found, together with a continuing decr ...
... fluorescence after staining the DNA with a fluoroprobe, indicating DNA condensation. This is often accompanied by a decrease in nuclear diameter (Yamada et al., 2006a, b). In the petals of Ipomoea, a doubling of the number of DNA masses (‘nuclei’) per petal was found, together with a continuing decr ...
1 - The Mostowy Lab
... aggregates associated with ubiquitin, p62 and LC3 [27], all of which are hallmarks of autophagosomes [28]. Cytosolic lectins (e.g. Galectin 3, 8 and 9) are also recruited to vesicles damaged by LLO and probably other factors [29,30], and this recruitment may trigger autophagy (see Salmonella below). ...
... aggregates associated with ubiquitin, p62 and LC3 [27], all of which are hallmarks of autophagosomes [28]. Cytosolic lectins (e.g. Galectin 3, 8 and 9) are also recruited to vesicles damaged by LLO and probably other factors [29,30], and this recruitment may trigger autophagy (see Salmonella below). ...
1-Michelle_Stone_thesis
... and invertebrate body. They in fact are highly polarized, typically consisting of a single axon that sends signals to other neurons or muscle cells, and multiple dendrites that receive signals from oth ...
... and invertebrate body. They in fact are highly polarized, typically consisting of a single axon that sends signals to other neurons or muscle cells, and multiple dendrites that receive signals from oth ...
TEF30 interacts with photosystem II monomers and is involved in the
... no effect on CGE1’s exclusive localization to the soluble fraction, but resulted in a partial ...
... no effect on CGE1’s exclusive localization to the soluble fraction, but resulted in a partial ...
Determinants of Action Potential Propagation in Cerebellar Purkinje
... Axons have traditionally been viewed as highly faithful transmitters of action potentials. Recently, however, experimental evidence has accumulated to support the idea that under some circumstances axonal propagation may fail. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons fire highfrequency simple spikes, as well as ...
... Axons have traditionally been viewed as highly faithful transmitters of action potentials. Recently, however, experimental evidence has accumulated to support the idea that under some circumstances axonal propagation may fail. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons fire highfrequency simple spikes, as well as ...
The Small RNA Chaperone Hfq and Multiple Small RNAs Control
... Hfq is an RNA chaperone for a large number of sRNAs Presence of multiple sRNAs is important in fine tuning the transition between low to high cell density by allowing the influence of additional regulatory inputs. Simultaneous inactivation of all four sRNAs is necessary to eliminate Hfq-mediated quo ...
... Hfq is an RNA chaperone for a large number of sRNAs Presence of multiple sRNAs is important in fine tuning the transition between low to high cell density by allowing the influence of additional regulatory inputs. Simultaneous inactivation of all four sRNAs is necessary to eliminate Hfq-mediated quo ...
The Glia of Caenorhabditis elegans - Shaham Lab
... functions, from simple reflexive escape behaviors, to complex cognitive tasks. The diversity of animal behavior is executed through signals speeding down neurons connected in complex ways, and tasked with sensing stimuli, analyzing sensory input, and generating responses. Other complex multicellular ...
... functions, from simple reflexive escape behaviors, to complex cognitive tasks. The diversity of animal behavior is executed through signals speeding down neurons connected in complex ways, and tasked with sensing stimuli, analyzing sensory input, and generating responses. Other complex multicellular ...
Cell cycle checkpoints in Caenorhabditis elegans
... Figure 20. par-5 RNAi does not affect ftt-2 mRNA levels. ..................................................... 53 Figure 21. par-5 inactivation promotes RAD-51 accumulation. ............................................. 55 Figure 22. DNA damage accumulation in par-5(RNAi) meiotic cells. ............ ...
... Figure 20. par-5 RNAi does not affect ftt-2 mRNA levels. ..................................................... 53 Figure 21. par-5 inactivation promotes RAD-51 accumulation. ............................................. 55 Figure 22. DNA damage accumulation in par-5(RNAi) meiotic cells. ............ ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... alter the site of bulge formation. Bulge formation requires highly localized cell wall modifications. Among several potential cell wallmodifying enzymes (Fry, 2000), xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) could account for localized rearrangement of tethers in the apoplast (Fry et al., 1992). XETs ar ...
... alter the site of bulge formation. Bulge formation requires highly localized cell wall modifications. Among several potential cell wallmodifying enzymes (Fry, 2000), xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) could account for localized rearrangement of tethers in the apoplast (Fry et al., 1992). XETs ar ...
What recent ribosome structures have revealed
... various stages of translation. In this review, we focus mainly on structural and mechanistic insights into bacterial translation obtained in the last few years. A previous review deals more extensively with earlier work1. The essentially complete atomic structures of an archaeal 50S subunit from Hal ...
... various stages of translation. In this review, we focus mainly on structural and mechanistic insights into bacterial translation obtained in the last few years. A previous review deals more extensively with earlier work1. The essentially complete atomic structures of an archaeal 50S subunit from Hal ...
Donohoe, B.S., B. - University of Colorado-MCDB
... complex polysaccharides has been shown to occur exclusively in Golgi cisternae (8). Upon completion of these biosynthetic reactions, the mature products are sorted and packaged into different vesicles in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) from where they are transported to their final destinations, the c ...
... complex polysaccharides has been shown to occur exclusively in Golgi cisternae (8). Upon completion of these biosynthetic reactions, the mature products are sorted and packaged into different vesicles in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) from where they are transported to their final destinations, the c ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... cadherin tail is important for strong cell–cell adhesion, at least in some cells. However, cadherin–catenin adhesion is not simply glue (for reviews see Yap et al., 1997; Tepass et al., 2001). It must be modulated during development, tissue remodeling, and wound repair. A series of experiments sugge ...
... cadherin tail is important for strong cell–cell adhesion, at least in some cells. However, cadherin–catenin adhesion is not simply glue (for reviews see Yap et al., 1997; Tepass et al., 2001). It must be modulated during development, tissue remodeling, and wound repair. A series of experiments sugge ...
1 bio. hints of aipmt mt – viii
... Hint: In polysaccharide chain, right end is the reducing end and the left end is the nonreducing end. Cellulose does not contain complex helices and hence cannot hold I2. 25. Ans. (d) Hint: (a) Hookworm is pseudocoelomate (b) Octopus is mollusca and is bilaterally symmetrical (c) Echinoderms have ca ...
... Hint: In polysaccharide chain, right end is the reducing end and the left end is the nonreducing end. Cellulose does not contain complex helices and hence cannot hold I2. 25. Ans. (d) Hint: (a) Hookworm is pseudocoelomate (b) Octopus is mollusca and is bilaterally symmetrical (c) Echinoderms have ca ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.