understanding the role of sumoylation in regulating lkb1 function
... (glucose uptake). Therefore, LKB1 is strategically positioned as an essential kinase in maintaining cellular energy balance. A number of studies have described the influence of covalent post-translational modifications in governing LKB1 activity. However, the role of SUMOylation in regulating LKB1 f ...
... (glucose uptake). Therefore, LKB1 is strategically positioned as an essential kinase in maintaining cellular energy balance. A number of studies have described the influence of covalent post-translational modifications in governing LKB1 activity. However, the role of SUMOylation in regulating LKB1 f ...
Utilization and Transport of Mannitol in Olea
... a 250 and 500 mM NaCl pulse, whereas extensive loss of cell viability was observed in sucrose-grown cells. OeMaT1 transcripts increased throughout maturation of olive fruits, suggesting that an OeMaT is involved in the accumulation of mannitol during ripening of olive. Thus, mannitol transport and c ...
... a 250 and 500 mM NaCl pulse, whereas extensive loss of cell viability was observed in sucrose-grown cells. OeMaT1 transcripts increased throughout maturation of olive fruits, suggesting that an OeMaT is involved in the accumulation of mannitol during ripening of olive. Thus, mannitol transport and c ...
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... extending from the eye disc (ED) through the OS into the optic lobe (Silies et al., 2007; Tayler and Garrity, 2003). In early larval stages the two CG, which are specialized subperineurial glia (SPG), form a tubular glial structure encircled by a monolayer of PG. Photoreceptor axons from the develop ...
... extending from the eye disc (ED) through the OS into the optic lobe (Silies et al., 2007; Tayler and Garrity, 2003). In early larval stages the two CG, which are specialized subperineurial glia (SPG), form a tubular glial structure encircled by a monolayer of PG. Photoreceptor axons from the develop ...
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... transporter, a mechanism of cell volume homeostasis apparently unique to early embryos before the morula stage. However, nothing was known of cell volume regulation in oocytes before fertilization. We show here that GLYT1 is quiescent in mouse germinal-vesicle-stage oocytes but becomes fully activat ...
... transporter, a mechanism of cell volume homeostasis apparently unique to early embryos before the morula stage. However, nothing was known of cell volume regulation in oocytes before fertilization. We show here that GLYT1 is quiescent in mouse germinal-vesicle-stage oocytes but becomes fully activat ...
Type XIII collagen. Structural and functional characterization of the
... in various tissues and that it is mostly localized to cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. In order to study type XIII collagen at the molecular level, the protein was expressed in insect cells as a homotrimer. The recombinant protein was found to reside in the plasma membrane of insect cells with it ...
... in various tissues and that it is mostly localized to cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. In order to study type XIII collagen at the molecular level, the protein was expressed in insect cells as a homotrimer. The recombinant protein was found to reside in the plasma membrane of insect cells with it ...
The Neuronal Endomembrane System
... to chromosomal variations seen in highly mitotic tissues. For the sake of discussion, five distinctly different form categories were established. Some forms contained structures that are described herein for the first time. Most notable among these is the cis tubular network, an extensive system of ...
... to chromosomal variations seen in highly mitotic tissues. For the sake of discussion, five distinctly different form categories were established. Some forms contained structures that are described herein for the first time. Most notable among these is the cis tubular network, an extensive system of ...
Spectrin functions upstream of ankyrin in a spectrin cytoskeleton
... of α spectrin abolished function but did not prevent polarized assembly. (4) Removal of the putative ankyrinbinding site had an unexpectedly mild phenotype with no detectable effect on spectrin targeting to the plasma membrane. The results suggest an alternate pathway in which spectrin directs ankyr ...
... of α spectrin abolished function but did not prevent polarized assembly. (4) Removal of the putative ankyrinbinding site had an unexpectedly mild phenotype with no detectable effect on spectrin targeting to the plasma membrane. The results suggest an alternate pathway in which spectrin directs ankyr ...
special paper calcium function and distribution during fertilization in
... concentrations characterize cell signaling and transmission of external stimuli. Receptors like calmodulin and other calciumbinding proteins may trigger changes in active sites or alter the activity of ion channels, which may produce spikes in free calcium concentration. Examples of such interaction ...
... concentrations characterize cell signaling and transmission of external stimuli. Receptors like calmodulin and other calciumbinding proteins may trigger changes in active sites or alter the activity of ion channels, which may produce spikes in free calcium concentration. Examples of such interaction ...
Glycogen Synthase Sensitivity to Insulin and Glucose-6
... 24-h–starved rabbits decreased the total phosphate from 2.7 to 2.3 mol per glycogen synthase polypeptide with the greatest decrease within the region containing phosphorylation sites 3a, 3b, and 3c (7). Even in this study, dephosphorylation of NH2-terminal sites was reported, and several other inves ...
... 24-h–starved rabbits decreased the total phosphate from 2.7 to 2.3 mol per glycogen synthase polypeptide with the greatest decrease within the region containing phosphorylation sites 3a, 3b, and 3c (7). Even in this study, dephosphorylation of NH2-terminal sites was reported, and several other inves ...
Three distinct ribosome assemblies modulated by translation are the
... not shown for clarity. Fractions containing 80S, LMW, MMW, and HMW polysomes observed by AFM in air are shown as 3D projections (middle row). In the bottom row, the grain analysis of AFM structures is reported, showing the height, width, and length scatterplot for the 80S, LMW, MMW, and HMW polysome ...
... not shown for clarity. Fractions containing 80S, LMW, MMW, and HMW polysomes observed by AFM in air are shown as 3D projections (middle row). In the bottom row, the grain analysis of AFM structures is reported, showing the height, width, and length scatterplot for the 80S, LMW, MMW, and HMW polysome ...
Schubert, C. M., R. Lin, C. J. de Vries, R. H. A.
... mRNAs that encode determinative factors, and the early blastomeres have markedly different potentials for expressing these factors. This results in the asymmetric expression patterns of transcriptional factors that appear to determine blastomere fates directly, and components of NOTCH-like and WNT/W ...
... mRNAs that encode determinative factors, and the early blastomeres have markedly different potentials for expressing these factors. This results in the asymmetric expression patterns of transcriptional factors that appear to determine blastomere fates directly, and components of NOTCH-like and WNT/W ...
Development of Competitive Direct Enzyme
... suspended in 100 µl DMEM medium, and fused using 1.5 ml PEG 1,500. PEG 1,500 was added slowly over 1 min to the cell pellet while resuspending the cells by stirring with the end of the pipet. Stirring was continued for an additional minute. One milliliter of medium without serum was added to the cel ...
... suspended in 100 µl DMEM medium, and fused using 1.5 ml PEG 1,500. PEG 1,500 was added slowly over 1 min to the cell pellet while resuspending the cells by stirring with the end of the pipet. Stirring was continued for an additional minute. One milliliter of medium without serum was added to the cel ...
Paramecium - tekkieoldteacher
... slipper animalcules from their slipper shape. They are commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group. Paramecia range from about 50 to 350 µm in length, depending on species. Simple cilia cover the body which allow the cell to move with a synchronous motion. There is also a deep oral gro ...
... slipper animalcules from their slipper shape. They are commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group. Paramecia range from about 50 to 350 µm in length, depending on species. Simple cilia cover the body which allow the cell to move with a synchronous motion. There is also a deep oral gro ...
Auxin transport – shaping the plant
... auxin gradients also contrasts with the classical image of morphogens freely diffusing from a source [11]. It is therefore questionable how much can we gain from grafting concepts that are derived from different experimental systems onto a plant-speci®c situation. Currently, the morphogen concept i ...
... auxin gradients also contrasts with the classical image of morphogens freely diffusing from a source [11]. It is therefore questionable how much can we gain from grafting concepts that are derived from different experimental systems onto a plant-speci®c situation. Currently, the morphogen concept i ...
Dentin-pulp complex
... in the dental pulp decreases as cell death occurs with age. The volume of the pulp chamber with continued deposition of dentine. In older teeth, the pulp chamber decreases in size; in some cases the pulp chamber can be obliterated. An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age. ...
... in the dental pulp decreases as cell death occurs with age. The volume of the pulp chamber with continued deposition of dentine. In older teeth, the pulp chamber decreases in size; in some cases the pulp chamber can be obliterated. An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age. ...
Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of
... Figures 1B and 1F, they are out of the plane of focus. The characteristics of the barley aleurone protein storage vacuole have been described previously (Jacobsen et al., 1971; Fernandez and Staehelin, 1985; Bush et al., 1986). Protein storage vacuoles are the predominant organelle of barley aleuron ...
... Figures 1B and 1F, they are out of the plane of focus. The characteristics of the barley aleurone protein storage vacuole have been described previously (Jacobsen et al., 1971; Fernandez and Staehelin, 1985; Bush et al., 1986). Protein storage vacuoles are the predominant organelle of barley aleuron ...
Interactions of Annexins with the mu Subunits of the Clathrin
... calcium levels are elevated. The “bivalent” ability of many of the annexins to bind to two membranes and form tight contacts between them led to the early suggestion that the annexins may act as “chaperones” of membrane fusion in processes such as exocytosis (3, 4). However, more recent cell biologi ...
... calcium levels are elevated. The “bivalent” ability of many of the annexins to bind to two membranes and form tight contacts between them led to the early suggestion that the annexins may act as “chaperones” of membrane fusion in processes such as exocytosis (3, 4). However, more recent cell biologi ...
Endocytosis, Recycling, and Regulated Exocytosis of Glucose
... via AMP-activated protein kinase and Ca2þ-dependent signals (for reviews, see refs 11!14). Here we address the emerging molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms of GLUT4 traffic and their integration with insulin signaling (to the exclusion of regulation elicited by other stimuli). We address rece ...
... via AMP-activated protein kinase and Ca2þ-dependent signals (for reviews, see refs 11!14). Here we address the emerging molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms of GLUT4 traffic and their integration with insulin signaling (to the exclusion of regulation elicited by other stimuli). We address rece ...
Cellulose Biosynthesis: Current Views and
... Saxena and Brown — Cellulose Biosynthesis crystalline sub-allomorphs of cellulose I, namely Ia and Ib are found to occur in the cellulose obtained from natural sources (Attala and VanderHart, 1984). Cellulose Ia and cellulose Ib differ with respect to their crystal packing, molecular conformation a ...
... Saxena and Brown — Cellulose Biosynthesis crystalline sub-allomorphs of cellulose I, namely Ia and Ib are found to occur in the cellulose obtained from natural sources (Attala and VanderHart, 1984). Cellulose Ia and cellulose Ib differ with respect to their crystal packing, molecular conformation a ...
life cycle, cell wall and cell signal transduction
... and also nuclear division with resultant increase to 2–8 nuclei in each organism (Walzer et al. 1976). The late precyst phase is characterized by a mature cystic appearance with eight well-defined nuclei. It is distinguished from the final cystic form in that it does not yet have eight well-defined ...
... and also nuclear division with resultant increase to 2–8 nuclei in each organism (Walzer et al. 1976). The late precyst phase is characterized by a mature cystic appearance with eight well-defined nuclei. It is distinguished from the final cystic form in that it does not yet have eight well-defined ...
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... elucidate the relation between ligand binding and functional properties, or to resolve structure activity relationships [7]. Biological membranes are the first fence that has to be overcome by toxic compounds targeting the cell. One of the most important membrane proteins is adenosinetriphosphathase ...
... elucidate the relation between ligand binding and functional properties, or to resolve structure activity relationships [7]. Biological membranes are the first fence that has to be overcome by toxic compounds targeting the cell. One of the most important membrane proteins is adenosinetriphosphathase ...
Exosomes: Implications in HIV-1 Pathogenesis
... MHC-I [80,82] and CD4 [80,83–85]. In addition, Nef is sequestered within exosomes released from cells in vitro and within blood plasma-derived exosomes from HIV-1 seropositive individuals [34,76–78,86]. Although the mechanism of Nef association with exosomes is not fully understood, Nef is encased i ...
... MHC-I [80,82] and CD4 [80,83–85]. In addition, Nef is sequestered within exosomes released from cells in vitro and within blood plasma-derived exosomes from HIV-1 seropositive individuals [34,76–78,86]. Although the mechanism of Nef association with exosomes is not fully understood, Nef is encased i ...
RabGDI controls axonal midline crossing by regulating Robo1
... comm (commissureless), which was found to regulate Robo expression [16-19]. In vertebrates, positive regulators of midline crossing were first identified [20]. Both in vivo and in vitro interactions of Axonin-1/TAG-1/ Contactin-2 and NrCAM were shown to mask a repellent activity of the floor plate [ ...
... comm (commissureless), which was found to regulate Robo expression [16-19]. In vertebrates, positive regulators of midline crossing were first identified [20]. Both in vivo and in vitro interactions of Axonin-1/TAG-1/ Contactin-2 and NrCAM were shown to mask a repellent activity of the floor plate [ ...
Calcium at Fertilization and in Early Development
... through a src family kinase pathway and in mammals by the diffusion of a sperm-specific phospholipase C from sperm to egg on sperm-egg fusion. The fertilization calcium wave is then set into the context of cell cycle control, and the mechanism of repetitive calcium spiking in mammalian eggs is inves ...
... through a src family kinase pathway and in mammals by the diffusion of a sperm-specific phospholipase C from sperm to egg on sperm-egg fusion. The fertilization calcium wave is then set into the context of cell cycle control, and the mechanism of repetitive calcium spiking in mammalian eggs is inves ...
Characterization of the Visceral Endoderm Components in Early
... At around E5.5, a cavity is formed in the center of the epiblast. This proamniotic cavity is generated by a mixture of apoptotic and survival signals emanating from the visceral endoderm (Coucouvanis and Martin, 1995). During the immediate post-implantation period (E5.0 to E6.5), the mouse embryo ch ...
... At around E5.5, a cavity is formed in the center of the epiblast. This proamniotic cavity is generated by a mixture of apoptotic and survival signals emanating from the visceral endoderm (Coucouvanis and Martin, 1995). During the immediate post-implantation period (E5.0 to E6.5), the mouse embryo ch ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.