Formation of a highly peptide-receptive state of class II MHC.
... detergent-solubilized class II molecules from B cell lines. These studies found that antigenic peptides bind to purified class II molecules to form stable complexes, but that this binding is very slow (kon ≈ 1–100 M21 s21) (Buus et al., 1986; Roche and Cresswell, 1990; Roof et al., 1990). It was lat ...
... detergent-solubilized class II molecules from B cell lines. These studies found that antigenic peptides bind to purified class II molecules to form stable complexes, but that this binding is very slow (kon ≈ 1–100 M21 s21) (Buus et al., 1986; Roche and Cresswell, 1990; Roof et al., 1990). It was lat ...
Arabidopsis HAP2 (GCS1) is a sperm-specific gene
... In flowering plants, sperm cells develop in the pollen cytoplasm and are transported through floral tissues to an ovule by a pollen tube, a highly polarized cellular extension. After targeting an ovule, the pollen tube bursts, releasing two sperm that fertilize an egg and a central cell. Here, we iden ...
... In flowering plants, sperm cells develop in the pollen cytoplasm and are transported through floral tissues to an ovule by a pollen tube, a highly polarized cellular extension. After targeting an ovule, the pollen tube bursts, releasing two sperm that fertilize an egg and a central cell. Here, we iden ...
presence of allhnase in isolated vacuoles and of alkyl
... concentrations and the use of strong enzymes such as macerozyme gave fewer intact protoplasts and large amounts of cellular debris. Protoplasts could not be isolated from bulb scales with higher enzyme concentrations and short incubation times of a few hours. ...
... concentrations and the use of strong enzymes such as macerozyme gave fewer intact protoplasts and large amounts of cellular debris. Protoplasts could not be isolated from bulb scales with higher enzyme concentrations and short incubation times of a few hours. ...
Alternative splicing of human cyclin E - Journal of Cell Science
... that was slightly smaller than the major RNA representing the previously described cyclin E (Koff et al., 1991). This shorter cyclin E RNA, termed cyclin Es, was detected by PCR analysis of cDNA from 6 different cell lines, i.e. the small cell lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H69, HepG2 hepatoma cells, ...
... that was slightly smaller than the major RNA representing the previously described cyclin E (Koff et al., 1991). This shorter cyclin E RNA, termed cyclin Es, was detected by PCR analysis of cDNA from 6 different cell lines, i.e. the small cell lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H69, HepG2 hepatoma cells, ...
The Plant Cell - Department of Biology
... and ATPase assays with the KCBP motor confirmed that KIC interacts with KCBP in a Ca 2-dependent manner. Interestingly, although both Ca2-KIC and Ca2-calmodulin were able to interact with KCBP and inhibit its microtubule binding activity, the concentration of Ca2 required to inhibit the microtub ...
... and ATPase assays with the KCBP motor confirmed that KIC interacts with KCBP in a Ca 2-dependent manner. Interestingly, although both Ca2-KIC and Ca2-calmodulin were able to interact with KCBP and inhibit its microtubule binding activity, the concentration of Ca2 required to inhibit the microtub ...
Investigations on Mitochondrial Pleomorphy and
... fluctuations in light, sugar and O2. Light and sugar are shown to induce fission whereas a greento-red photo-convertible mEos fluorescent protein targeted to mitochondria (mitoEos) reveals that hypoxia induces fusion, leading to giant mitochondria. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is shown to be a med ...
... fluctuations in light, sugar and O2. Light and sugar are shown to induce fission whereas a greento-red photo-convertible mEos fluorescent protein targeted to mitochondria (mitoEos) reveals that hypoxia induces fusion, leading to giant mitochondria. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is shown to be a med ...
Intracellular control of developmental and regenerative axon growth
... Axon growth is a highly regulated process that requires stimulating signals from extracellular factors. The extracellular signals are then transduced to regulate coordinately gene expression and local axon assembly. Growth factors, especially neurotrophins that act via receptor tyrosine kinases, hav ...
... Axon growth is a highly regulated process that requires stimulating signals from extracellular factors. The extracellular signals are then transduced to regulate coordinately gene expression and local axon assembly. Growth factors, especially neurotrophins that act via receptor tyrosine kinases, hav ...
NCAM Polypeptides in Heart Development: Association with Z Discs
... four-chambered structure containing valves and the appropriate connections to the rest of the circulatory system involves'a second epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. This transformation is region specific; it results in the growth of the endocardial cushion tissue (ECT) in the atrioventricu- ...
... four-chambered structure containing valves and the appropriate connections to the rest of the circulatory system involves'a second epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. This transformation is region specific; it results in the growth of the endocardial cushion tissue (ECT) in the atrioventricu- ...
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications
... third group can be established with annexins that possess a long N-terminus with more than 100 amino acid residues (annexins A7 and A11). Even though the N-terminus of annexins is significantly smaller than the C-terminal protein core, it is essentially involved in the structural and functional pecu ...
... third group can be established with annexins that possess a long N-terminus with more than 100 amino acid residues (annexins A7 and A11). Even though the N-terminus of annexins is significantly smaller than the C-terminal protein core, it is essentially involved in the structural and functional pecu ...
PDF
... that amino acids 626-678 of Smo is responsible for either direct or indirect association between SmoCT and PP4. We reasoned that if PP4 inhibits Smo phosphorylation through amino acids 626-678, deletion of this Smo-PP4 interacting domain should abolish Smo-PP4 interaction thus may lead to high basal ...
... that amino acids 626-678 of Smo is responsible for either direct or indirect association between SmoCT and PP4. We reasoned that if PP4 inhibits Smo phosphorylation through amino acids 626-678, deletion of this Smo-PP4 interacting domain should abolish Smo-PP4 interaction thus may lead to high basal ...
... role of FHT as regards suberized tissues is still awaited. The present work was designed to provide experimental evidence for FHT promoter activity and protein accumulation in the native periderm together with other constitutively suberized tissues, as well as to widen FHT studies into the woundindu ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization and Disturbed Na Homeostasis
... excitation and 510-nm emission wavelengths in a Deltascan fluorescence spectrophotometer (PTI, Monmouth Junction, NJ). A calibration curve was used to quantify [Na1]i (in millimolar). The calibration curve was made in the presence of 3 mM gramicidin in a medium containing different concentrations of ...
... excitation and 510-nm emission wavelengths in a Deltascan fluorescence spectrophotometer (PTI, Monmouth Junction, NJ). A calibration curve was used to quantify [Na1]i (in millimolar). The calibration curve was made in the presence of 3 mM gramicidin in a medium containing different concentrations of ...
Evidence for an apical Na–Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in
... in the yolk-sac membrane of seawater-acclimatized tilapia embryos showed the colocalization of basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase, basolateral NKCC and apical CFTR (Hiroi et al., 2005), which was completely consistent with the current accepted model for ion secretion by MRCs in seawater. In this study, we un ...
... in the yolk-sac membrane of seawater-acclimatized tilapia embryos showed the colocalization of basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase, basolateral NKCC and apical CFTR (Hiroi et al., 2005), which was completely consistent with the current accepted model for ion secretion by MRCs in seawater. In this study, we un ...
Stacks off tracks
... terminal 463 base pairs, including a transmembrane domain that confers Golgi localisation ...
... terminal 463 base pairs, including a transmembrane domain that confers Golgi localisation ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anaerobic Respiration in Biofilms
... formation and cell viability, we grew biofilms in LBN under anaerobic conditions using a panel of mutant strains designed to test genetically whether NO killed the rhlR mutant bacteria. Figure 3E shows that most of the anaerobic ⌬rhlR biofilm bacteria were dead, consistent with the results described ...
... formation and cell viability, we grew biofilms in LBN under anaerobic conditions using a panel of mutant strains designed to test genetically whether NO killed the rhlR mutant bacteria. Figure 3E shows that most of the anaerobic ⌬rhlR biofilm bacteria were dead, consistent with the results described ...
Ectopic Expression of AINTEGUMENTA in Arabidopsis Plants
... EREBP family [Buttner and Singh, 1997; Kagaya et al., 1999; Liu et al., 1998; Ohme-Takagi and Shinshi, 1995; Stockinger et al., 1997; Zhou et al., 1997]. In addition, ANT has been shown to function as a transcription factor in yeast [Vergani et al., 1997]. ANT is expressed in cotyledon, leaf, floral ...
... EREBP family [Buttner and Singh, 1997; Kagaya et al., 1999; Liu et al., 1998; Ohme-Takagi and Shinshi, 1995; Stockinger et al., 1997; Zhou et al., 1997]. In addition, ANT has been shown to function as a transcription factor in yeast [Vergani et al., 1997]. ANT is expressed in cotyledon, leaf, floral ...
Airway surface liquid pH in well-differentiated airway - AJP-Cell
... BCECF-dextran suspension in perfluorocarbon using a microcatheter passed through a feeding needle that was introduced via the mouth. The mouse was positioned on the microscope stage for fluorescence measurements as described below. Arterial blood (0.2–0.3 ml) was sampled through a PE-10 catheter ins ...
... BCECF-dextran suspension in perfluorocarbon using a microcatheter passed through a feeding needle that was introduced via the mouth. The mouse was positioned on the microscope stage for fluorescence measurements as described below. Arterial blood (0.2–0.3 ml) was sampled through a PE-10 catheter ins ...
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division
... The role of FtsZ in cell division .................................................................................... 8 FtsZ ring positioning........................................................................................... 8 Targeting of other cell division proteins to the FtsZ ring ..... ...
... The role of FtsZ in cell division .................................................................................... 8 FtsZ ring positioning........................................................................................... 8 Targeting of other cell division proteins to the FtsZ ring ..... ...
Cdc6 in S phase in human cells - Journal of Cell Science
... We first asked whether Cdc6 enters the nucleus under in vitro replication conditions. We chose to use purified recombinant Xenopus Cdc6 protein in these studies for three reasons. Firstly, because we know it stimulates replication in mammalian nuclei in vitro (Stoeber et al., 1998), secondly because ...
... We first asked whether Cdc6 enters the nucleus under in vitro replication conditions. We chose to use purified recombinant Xenopus Cdc6 protein in these studies for three reasons. Firstly, because we know it stimulates replication in mammalian nuclei in vitro (Stoeber et al., 1998), secondly because ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... of the Wnt1 pathway (Zeng et al. 1997). The second contains a PDZ domain (Ponting et al. 1997); PDZ domains recognize and bind short motifs at the carboxyl termini of proteins (but may bind other motifs as well). PDZ domains can also form dimers. The third domain, called DEP, is conserved among a se ...
... of the Wnt1 pathway (Zeng et al. 1997). The second contains a PDZ domain (Ponting et al. 1997); PDZ domains recognize and bind short motifs at the carboxyl termini of proteins (but may bind other motifs as well). PDZ domains can also form dimers. The third domain, called DEP, is conserved among a se ...
Plant hormones and growth regulators
... and/or leaf fall; and many other conditions (Table 5). Very small concentrations of these substances produce major growth changes. Hormones are produced naturally by plants, while plant growth regulators are applied to plants by humans. Plant growth regulators may be synthetic compounds (e.g., IBA a ...
... and/or leaf fall; and many other conditions (Table 5). Very small concentrations of these substances produce major growth changes. Hormones are produced naturally by plants, while plant growth regulators are applied to plants by humans. Plant growth regulators may be synthetic compounds (e.g., IBA a ...
boron in plant structure and function
... present as a two-ligand borate-diol, BL2. Matoh’s work was complemented by Brown and his group (48), who reported a correlation between pectin fraction and boron in cell walls of squash and tobacco, and by their survey of 14 plant species (50) showing very close correlation between the uronic fracti ...
... present as a two-ligand borate-diol, BL2. Matoh’s work was complemented by Brown and his group (48), who reported a correlation between pectin fraction and boron in cell walls of squash and tobacco, and by their survey of 14 plant species (50) showing very close correlation between the uronic fracti ...
Calcium: silver bullet in signaling
... Accumulating evidence suggests that Ca2 + serves as a messenger in many normal growth and developmental process and in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Numerous signals have been shown to induce transient elevation of [Ca2 + ]cyt in plants. Genetic, biochemical, molecular and cell bio ...
... Accumulating evidence suggests that Ca2 + serves as a messenger in many normal growth and developmental process and in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Numerous signals have been shown to induce transient elevation of [Ca2 + ]cyt in plants. Genetic, biochemical, molecular and cell bio ...
View - Max-Planck
... (Figure 1). While most structural studies have focused on terrestrial plants, aquatic organisms account for around 50% of global carbon fixation (Field et al., 1998; Behrenfeld et al., 2001), and it is estimated that nearly half of this aquatic production is performed by eukaryotic algae (Jardillier ...
... (Figure 1). While most structural studies have focused on terrestrial plants, aquatic organisms account for around 50% of global carbon fixation (Field et al., 1998; Behrenfeld et al., 2001), and it is estimated that nearly half of this aquatic production is performed by eukaryotic algae (Jardillier ...
lysis strategy of streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages
... to activate the phage lysin. In this study, it was further confirmed that activation of the externalized bacterial autolysin LytA, previously shown to contribute to phage progeny release, is also equally related to perturbations on the energized membrane. Thus, these results demonstrate that in S. p ...
... to activate the phage lysin. In this study, it was further confirmed that activation of the externalized bacterial autolysin LytA, previously shown to contribute to phage progeny release, is also equally related to perturbations on the energized membrane. Thus, these results demonstrate that in S. p ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.