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Crosstalk in NF-κB signaling pathways
... that occurs in the course of noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Regulation of the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the course of an innate immune response has been added to the functional repertoire of TRAFs29. TRAF6 associates with ECSIT, an adaptor protein required for embr ...
... that occurs in the course of noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Regulation of the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the course of an innate immune response has been added to the functional repertoire of TRAFs29. TRAF6 associates with ECSIT, an adaptor protein required for embr ...
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... Durell et al. proposed a 3-D structural model of amyloid channels obtained from a computer simulation of the secondary structure of AβP(1–40) in membranes that showed the aggregation of 5- to 8-mers to form pore-like structures on the membranes (Durell et al., 1994). Jang et al. established a model ...
... Durell et al. proposed a 3-D structural model of amyloid channels obtained from a computer simulation of the secondary structure of AβP(1–40) in membranes that showed the aggregation of 5- to 8-mers to form pore-like structures on the membranes (Durell et al., 1994). Jang et al. established a model ...
2 common staining technique
... image. Stains and dyes are frequently used in biological tissues for viewing, often with the aid of different microscopes. Stains may be used to define and examine bulk tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells, for i ...
... image. Stains and dyes are frequently used in biological tissues for viewing, often with the aid of different microscopes. Stains may be used to define and examine bulk tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells, for i ...
Cadaverine is Transported into Vibrio vulnificus Through its CadB in
... cadaverine comes out of the cell, lysine simultaneously goes into the cell through an antiporter CadB to result in forming more cadaverine. It was examined whether cadaverine, when added exogenously, was effective in protecting cells from superoxide stress. No protective effect by the exogenously ad ...
... cadaverine comes out of the cell, lysine simultaneously goes into the cell through an antiporter CadB to result in forming more cadaverine. It was examined whether cadaverine, when added exogenously, was effective in protecting cells from superoxide stress. No protective effect by the exogenously ad ...
Bound by Fate: The Role of Reactive Oxygen
... entire organism. The perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins. The RLKs are a ...
... entire organism. The perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins. The RLKs are a ...
the physiology of mechanoelectrical transduction channels in hearing
... externally and the cytoskeleton internally (FIGURE 3C), and act as force sensors between these two attachments. There are intermediate models in which the channels are connected only to the tip links or only to the cytoskeleton. The tip links are helical extracellular filaments ⬃150 nm in length and ...
... externally and the cytoskeleton internally (FIGURE 3C), and act as force sensors between these two attachments. There are intermediate models in which the channels are connected only to the tip links or only to the cytoskeleton. The tip links are helical extracellular filaments ⬃150 nm in length and ...
PROTEIN-LIPID INTERPLAY IN FUSION AND FISSION OF
... where dm ⬇ 1.5 nm is the monolayer thickness. For r ⫽ dm ⫽ 1.5 nm, the energy of the rupture is ⬃160kBT. A circular rupture of the whole bilayer (Figure 1B) has the energy Fbr ⫽ 4rdm 䡠 ␥, which for the same radius r ⫽ 1.5 nm equals ⬃350kBT. This hydrophobic energy is so large that lipid molecules a ...
... where dm ⬇ 1.5 nm is the monolayer thickness. For r ⫽ dm ⫽ 1.5 nm, the energy of the rupture is ⬃160kBT. A circular rupture of the whole bilayer (Figure 1B) has the energy Fbr ⫽ 4rdm 䡠 ␥, which for the same radius r ⫽ 1.5 nm equals ⬃350kBT. This hydrophobic energy is so large that lipid molecules a ...
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... the G2/M transition during mitosis. For some factors, reduced DNA-binding activities have been observed in extracts from mitotic cells (Caelles et al., 1995; Martinez-Balbas et al., 1995; Gottesfeld and Forbes, 1997). For other factors, DNA-binding activities were not affected, but they were displac ...
... the G2/M transition during mitosis. For some factors, reduced DNA-binding activities have been observed in extracts from mitotic cells (Caelles et al., 1995; Martinez-Balbas et al., 1995; Gottesfeld and Forbes, 1997). For other factors, DNA-binding activities were not affected, but they were displac ...
Identification and Characterization of the Acid Phosphatase HppA in
... world’s population and is believed to be the main etiological agent of gastric diseases and/or carcinomas [19, 20]. H. pylori apparently favors neutral pH for growth, but it resides in extremely low pH conditions, which results from the presence of gastric acid or the occasional acid shocks that occ ...
... world’s population and is believed to be the main etiological agent of gastric diseases and/or carcinomas [19, 20]. H. pylori apparently favors neutral pH for growth, but it resides in extremely low pH conditions, which results from the presence of gastric acid or the occasional acid shocks that occ ...
The Differential Degradation of Two Cytosolic Proteins As a Tool to
... ice cold 0.25 M sucrose in 0.2 M KCI. Crude lysosomal fractions were prepared according to De Duve et al. (1955). After homogenizing twice in a loose fitting Potter and centrifugation at 650 g for 5 rain, the supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 12,000 g for 30 min. The resulting pellet (p2) ...
... ice cold 0.25 M sucrose in 0.2 M KCI. Crude lysosomal fractions were prepared according to De Duve et al. (1955). After homogenizing twice in a loose fitting Potter and centrifugation at 650 g for 5 rain, the supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 12,000 g for 30 min. The resulting pellet (p2) ...
The SMN Complex Is Associated with snRNPs throughout Their
... The common neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein. SMN associates with several proteins (Gemin2 to Gemin6) to form a large complex which is found both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The SMN complex functions ...
... The common neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein. SMN associates with several proteins (Gemin2 to Gemin6) to form a large complex which is found both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The SMN complex functions ...
Probing for Binding Regions of the FtsZ Protein Surface through Site
... tsZ (filamentous temperature sensitive Z), a bacterial homologue of tubulin, assembles the cytoskeletal framework of the Z ring, which constricts to divide the cell. FtsZ forms protofilaments (pfs), which are considered the building blocks of the Z ring. The Z ring serves as a scaffold for recruitment ...
... tsZ (filamentous temperature sensitive Z), a bacterial homologue of tubulin, assembles the cytoskeletal framework of the Z ring, which constricts to divide the cell. FtsZ forms protofilaments (pfs), which are considered the building blocks of the Z ring. The Z ring serves as a scaffold for recruitment ...
m o lo
... mechanism to ward off the predator by releasing cyanotoxins. Choi et al. (2005) speculated that microcystins are known to inhibit growth of organisms such as cladocerans, copepods, and mosquito larvae and have been shown to be allelopathetic ...
... mechanism to ward off the predator by releasing cyanotoxins. Choi et al. (2005) speculated that microcystins are known to inhibit growth of organisms such as cladocerans, copepods, and mosquito larvae and have been shown to be allelopathetic ...
Print - Circulation
... Experiments of this type reveal that the various subunits modulate sensitivity to dihydropyridine agonists, kinetics, and voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. The broad conclusion is that all subunits are required before the channel can fully express its native properties, although it ...
... Experiments of this type reveal that the various subunits modulate sensitivity to dihydropyridine agonists, kinetics, and voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. The broad conclusion is that all subunits are required before the channel can fully express its native properties, although it ...
A motif of eleven amino acids is a structural adaptation that
... this MESH motif could also confer chicken prestin with significant gain of NLC. We first measured NLC from chicken prestin-transfected cells (Fig. 3A). As shown in Fig. 3B, the NLC of chicken prestin exhibited a small peak significantly shifted toward the positive potentials compared to gerbil prest ...
... this MESH motif could also confer chicken prestin with significant gain of NLC. We first measured NLC from chicken prestin-transfected cells (Fig. 3A). As shown in Fig. 3B, the NLC of chicken prestin exhibited a small peak significantly shifted toward the positive potentials compared to gerbil prest ...
Vacuoles - Plant Physiology
... uptake in our experiments was very severely depressed at neutral in these isolated vacuoles in the absence of ATP in the medium. and alkaline pH (Fig. 2) we were obliged to investigate the effect Perhaps no energization is required. Uptake as observed in these of SFUM7 at pH 5.4 which is well below ...
... uptake in our experiments was very severely depressed at neutral in these isolated vacuoles in the absence of ATP in the medium. and alkaline pH (Fig. 2) we were obliged to investigate the effect Perhaps no energization is required. Uptake as observed in these of SFUM7 at pH 5.4 which is well below ...
Dual-topology membrane proteins Escherichia coli Susanna Seppälä
... Many fundamental cellular processes and pathways were first illuminated with the aid of this bacterium, and it has proven central to our current understanding of basic biochemistry, molecular genetics and structural biology. It is exceptionally useful as an expression host for heterologous proteins, ...
... Many fundamental cellular processes and pathways were first illuminated with the aid of this bacterium, and it has proven central to our current understanding of basic biochemistry, molecular genetics and structural biology. It is exceptionally useful as an expression host for heterologous proteins, ...
Cardosin A Molecular Determinants and Biosynthetic Pathways
... cardosin A under an inducible promoter was explored to understand cardosin A dynamics in terms of vacuolar accumulation during seed germination events. Similarly to the Nicotiana tabacum one, this system was also validated for cardosin A expression and it allowed to conclude that the protein’s expre ...
... cardosin A under an inducible promoter was explored to understand cardosin A dynamics in terms of vacuolar accumulation during seed germination events. Similarly to the Nicotiana tabacum one, this system was also validated for cardosin A expression and it allowed to conclude that the protein’s expre ...
Genetics of C. elegans Myt1 ortholog wee-1.3
... Dephosphorylation of these residues constitutes the major mitotic entry signal in eukaryotes. In fission yeast, Y15 of Cdc2p is phosphorylated by the Wee1p and Mik1p kinases (Lundgren et al., 1991), while dephosphorylation is carried out by the Cdc25p phosphatase (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Berry and ...
... Dephosphorylation of these residues constitutes the major mitotic entry signal in eukaryotes. In fission yeast, Y15 of Cdc2p is phosphorylated by the Wee1p and Mik1p kinases (Lundgren et al., 1991), while dephosphorylation is carried out by the Cdc25p phosphatase (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Berry and ...
Identification of a Novel Gene, CIA6, Required for
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii possesses a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) that allows the alga to grow at low CO2 concentrations. One common feature seen in photosynthetic organisms possessing a CCM is the tight packaging of Rubisco within the cell. In many eukaryotic algae, Rubisco is localized to th ...
... Chlamydomonas reinhardtii possesses a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) that allows the alga to grow at low CO2 concentrations. One common feature seen in photosynthetic organisms possessing a CCM is the tight packaging of Rubisco within the cell. In many eukaryotic algae, Rubisco is localized to th ...
Good news in the nuclear envelope: loss of lamin A might be a gain
... our understanding of the lamin proteins from being merely structural elements of the cell nucleus and has implicated them in novel cellular functions including signal transduction and gene expression. However, it now appears that the physiological relevance of one of the lamin proteins in organismal ...
... our understanding of the lamin proteins from being merely structural elements of the cell nucleus and has implicated them in novel cellular functions including signal transduction and gene expression. However, it now appears that the physiological relevance of one of the lamin proteins in organismal ...
nimO is required for the G1/S transition
... The recessive, temperature sensitive lethal nimO18 mutation (Morris, 1976) was first described as a cell cycle mutant with abnormal nuclear morphologies (Bergen et al., 1984). More recent application of flow cytometric techniques revealed a general defect in DNA synthesis (not shown; see James et al ...
... The recessive, temperature sensitive lethal nimO18 mutation (Morris, 1976) was first described as a cell cycle mutant with abnormal nuclear morphologies (Bergen et al., 1984). More recent application of flow cytometric techniques revealed a general defect in DNA synthesis (not shown; see James et al ...
Construction of the yeast whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase
... as the control were spread on the medium, respectively. The activities of the lipases were examined by the halo formed around the colony. 2.5 Preparation of ROL-displaying yeast For whole-cell catalyst preparation, the wild-type ROL and codon-optimized ROL-displaying yeasts were cultivated in YGCG m ...
... as the control were spread on the medium, respectively. The activities of the lipases were examined by the halo formed around the colony. 2.5 Preparation of ROL-displaying yeast For whole-cell catalyst preparation, the wild-type ROL and codon-optimized ROL-displaying yeasts were cultivated in YGCG m ...
New TURF for TIRF - Stowers Institute for Medical Research
... TIRF is more sensitive to Z-axial drift ...
... TIRF is more sensitive to Z-axial drift ...
Hepatitis A Virus Adaptation to Cellular Shutoff Is Driven by Dynamic
... one such mechanism (2) and may be regulated through the mRNA structure and the combination of abundant and rare codons (3). Abundant codons usually match with highly concentrated tRNAs, contributing to both efficiency of translation (they are rapidly translated) and accuracy of translation (they are ...
... one such mechanism (2) and may be regulated through the mRNA structure and the combination of abundant and rare codons (3). Abundant codons usually match with highly concentrated tRNAs, contributing to both efficiency of translation (they are rapidly translated) and accuracy of translation (they are ...
Cytokinesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unk.cilliate.jpg?width=300)
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.