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Control of Cell Pattern in the Neural Tube: Motor Neuron Induction
... Neural crest cells were defined by their migratory properties, the surface expression of the HNK-1, PI integrin, and p75 antigens (Maxwell et al., 1988; Delannet and Duband, 1992; Bernd, 1985; Stemple and Anderson, 1992), and their ability to differentiate into neurons and melanocytes. Ventral neura ...
... Neural crest cells were defined by their migratory properties, the surface expression of the HNK-1, PI integrin, and p75 antigens (Maxwell et al., 1988; Delannet and Duband, 1992; Bernd, 1985; Stemple and Anderson, 1992), and their ability to differentiate into neurons and melanocytes. Ventral neura ...
Genetic and molecular identification of genes
... efficiency in which the mutant allele (carrying the kanamycin resistance) was transmitted to the next generation by the females and male gametes. TE was calculated as the ratio of kanamycin-resistant plants to kanamycin-sensitive plants resulting from the crossing indicated. ...
... efficiency in which the mutant allele (carrying the kanamycin resistance) was transmitted to the next generation by the females and male gametes. TE was calculated as the ratio of kanamycin-resistant plants to kanamycin-sensitive plants resulting from the crossing indicated. ...
Phloem Structure and Function
... The assimilate-conducting sieve elements of the phloem are the most highly specialized cell type in plants. During development, flow resistance in these cells is reduced by changes in the protoplast. In addition, a functional conduit becomes established across the end walls when the cell-tocell conne ...
... The assimilate-conducting sieve elements of the phloem are the most highly specialized cell type in plants. During development, flow resistance in these cells is reduced by changes in the protoplast. In addition, a functional conduit becomes established across the end walls when the cell-tocell conne ...
Eucalyptus Arabidopsis grandis thaliana
... plantations has sparked a renewed interest in the genetic improvement of forest tree species. Conventional breeding of forest trees is time-consuming due to the long generation times of most forest trees and the expression of selective traits such as wood quality only at harvesting age. Two approach ...
... plantations has sparked a renewed interest in the genetic improvement of forest tree species. Conventional breeding of forest trees is time-consuming due to the long generation times of most forest trees and the expression of selective traits such as wood quality only at harvesting age. Two approach ...
Summary - Universität Tübingen
... NPCs are constituted by the concerted assembly of hundreds of polypeptides from roughly 30 different proteins termed nucleoporins. Out of these, only three nucleoporins are stably integrated into the pore membrane to anchor the NPCs via transmembrane domains. Although accuracy of NPC assembly is ess ...
... NPCs are constituted by the concerted assembly of hundreds of polypeptides from roughly 30 different proteins termed nucleoporins. Out of these, only three nucleoporins are stably integrated into the pore membrane to anchor the NPCs via transmembrane domains. Although accuracy of NPC assembly is ess ...
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... the embryo is fundamental to gastrulation. A basic form of germ layer internalization is invagination, but in many vertebrates the process is more complex. In Xenopus, a blastopore forms by bottle cell constriction at the vegetal rim of the marginal zone (Hardin and Keller, 1988). Above the blastopo ...
... the embryo is fundamental to gastrulation. A basic form of germ layer internalization is invagination, but in many vertebrates the process is more complex. In Xenopus, a blastopore forms by bottle cell constriction at the vegetal rim of the marginal zone (Hardin and Keller, 1988). Above the blastopo ...
Maternal and Zygotic Control of Zebrafish Dorsoventral Axial
... of the embryo undergo incomplete cytokinesis, such that cell membranes are not complete at the yolk cell interface (59). In subsequent divisions, the central-most blastomeres undergo complete cytokinesis and only the peripheral blastomeres adjacent to the yolk incompletely cleave, leaving the cytopl ...
... of the embryo undergo incomplete cytokinesis, such that cell membranes are not complete at the yolk cell interface (59). In subsequent divisions, the central-most blastomeres undergo complete cytokinesis and only the peripheral blastomeres adjacent to the yolk incompletely cleave, leaving the cytopl ...
Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Ethylene Production
... that PP cell activation and TD development can be strongly elicited in the absence of wounding with exogenous treatments of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in the Pinaceae (Franceschi et al., 2002; Martin et al., 2002, 2003; Fäldt et al., 2003; Hudgins et al., 2003a) and Taxodiaceae (Hudgins et al., 2004). W ...
... that PP cell activation and TD development can be strongly elicited in the absence of wounding with exogenous treatments of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in the Pinaceae (Franceschi et al., 2002; Martin et al., 2002, 2003; Fäldt et al., 2003; Hudgins et al., 2003a) and Taxodiaceae (Hudgins et al., 2004). W ...
Modeling leaf venation patterns Anne-Gaelle Rolland
... emerge. These can then differentiate into veins. Mathematical models were proposed by Mitchison (1980,1981), which conformed to the canalization hypothesis and created channels of increased flux. The second hypothesis is based on activator-inhibitor systems (Meinhardt, 1984). The canalization hypoth ...
... emerge. These can then differentiate into veins. Mathematical models were proposed by Mitchison (1980,1981), which conformed to the canalization hypothesis and created channels of increased flux. The second hypothesis is based on activator-inhibitor systems (Meinhardt, 1984). The canalization hypoth ...
13. Traffic & Congestion Control in ATM
... Explicit Forward Congestion Indication Essentially same as frame relay If node experiencing congestion, set forward congestion indication is cell headers ...
... Explicit Forward Congestion Indication Essentially same as frame relay If node experiencing congestion, set forward congestion indication is cell headers ...
Cutting the nonsense: the degradation of PTC containing mRNAs
... (the UPF1 orthologue) because UPF1 dephosphorylation is induced by PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) which is recruited by SMG5, SMG6 and/or SMG7 [25]. PP2A is a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic subunit, a structural A/PR65 subunit and at least one of the three different classes of regulatory B subu ...
... (the UPF1 orthologue) because UPF1 dephosphorylation is induced by PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) which is recruited by SMG5, SMG6 and/or SMG7 [25]. PP2A is a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic subunit, a structural A/PR65 subunit and at least one of the three different classes of regulatory B subu ...
the signaling role of the accessory receptors cd2 and cd6 in t cell
... It is widely accepted that the ultimate response to antigen-specific signals is also influenced by accessory receptors-ligand engagements that deliver costimulatory signals while strengthening the interaction between the cells. CD6, a type I cell surface glycoprotein, whose expression is largely res ...
... It is widely accepted that the ultimate response to antigen-specific signals is also influenced by accessory receptors-ligand engagements that deliver costimulatory signals while strengthening the interaction between the cells. CD6, a type I cell surface glycoprotein, whose expression is largely res ...
Mechanisms of dorsal-ventral axis determination in
... nuclear dorsal protein gradient. This process would not require additional steps of pattern formation. If, on the other hand, only a weak dorsal-ventral asymmetry were present in the vitelline membrane or perivitelline space, a system with an autonomous pattern-forming capacity would be necessary to ...
... nuclear dorsal protein gradient. This process would not require additional steps of pattern formation. If, on the other hand, only a weak dorsal-ventral asymmetry were present in the vitelline membrane or perivitelline space, a system with an autonomous pattern-forming capacity would be necessary to ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... or sulfur19. The G. minuta morphospecies may include biologically distinct populations that, to date, cannot be distinguished because of post-mortem morphological convergence18,20. Abundant spheroidal microfossils assigned to the genus Huroniospora have also been interpreted either as cyanobacteria1 ...
... or sulfur19. The G. minuta morphospecies may include biologically distinct populations that, to date, cannot be distinguished because of post-mortem morphological convergence18,20. Abundant spheroidal microfossils assigned to the genus Huroniospora have also been interpreted either as cyanobacteria1 ...
here - The Nebenführ Lab
... form of hybrid stacks after 20 min of treatment (Figure 4). Interestingly, the average number of cisternae per stack did not change during this period, irrespective of their appearance as Golgi or ER like (Figure 4). The Golgi stacks with at least two cisternae remaining after 10 to 30 min of treatm ...
... form of hybrid stacks after 20 min of treatment (Figure 4). Interestingly, the average number of cisternae per stack did not change during this period, irrespective of their appearance as Golgi or ER like (Figure 4). The Golgi stacks with at least two cisternae remaining after 10 to 30 min of treatm ...
Immunohistochemical sweat gland profiles
... to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEA has been presented as an immunologic marker of ESG.22,24 It possibly plays a role in the innate immune defense.26 CEA possibly binds and traps micro-organisms at the cell surface. Epidermal growth factor receptors are expressed as well.22,36 The secretory porti ...
... to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEA has been presented as an immunologic marker of ESG.22,24 It possibly plays a role in the innate immune defense.26 CEA possibly binds and traps micro-organisms at the cell surface. Epidermal growth factor receptors are expressed as well.22,36 The secretory porti ...
Cell Analogy
... This text will then need to be made in to a poster illustrating the kingdom with a castle, a queen, and artisans. The poster will include the title, a cell and the analogies around the cell with picture descriptions as well as the text. What does a quality analogy look like? To get full credit for e ...
... This text will then need to be made in to a poster illustrating the kingdom with a castle, a queen, and artisans. The poster will include the title, a cell and the analogies around the cell with picture descriptions as well as the text. What does a quality analogy look like? To get full credit for e ...
the morphogenetic function of a vestigial organ in the chick
... develop into the mesonephros in higher forms, have lost the capacity for selfdifferentiation and have come to require an inducing stimulus; but this change, if it occurred, might perhaps have been correlated with the change which has led to the separation of the continuous row of tubules into two di ...
... develop into the mesonephros in higher forms, have lost the capacity for selfdifferentiation and have come to require an inducing stimulus; but this change, if it occurred, might perhaps have been correlated with the change which has led to the separation of the continuous row of tubules into two di ...
Active Hair Bundle Movements and the Cochlear Amplifier
... These mechanisms can vary between species, but there are some fundamental similarities used by hair cells to overcome difficulties that are common to each. One common problem faced by all hair cells is that the energy associated with sound at threshold is small. In order to obtain such low threshold ...
... These mechanisms can vary between species, but there are some fundamental similarities used by hair cells to overcome difficulties that are common to each. One common problem faced by all hair cells is that the energy associated with sound at threshold is small. In order to obtain such low threshold ...
fulltext - DiVA Portal
... Signal conduction as well as substance exchange through membranes, involving active and passive transport of ions, macromolecules and metabolites, are predominantly mediated by proteins. They are either an integral part of the membrane bilayer or are peripherally associated with it. Proteins involve ...
... Signal conduction as well as substance exchange through membranes, involving active and passive transport of ions, macromolecules and metabolites, are predominantly mediated by proteins. They are either an integral part of the membrane bilayer or are peripherally associated with it. Proteins involve ...
CDK5 is a major regulator of the tumor suppressor DLC1
... Using in silico analysis of the CDK5 consensus sequence, (S/T) PX(K/H/R), we identified four serines in DLC1 as candidates for phosphorylation by CDK5: S120, S205, S422, and S509 (Fig. 2 A). Experimentally, phosphorylation of some serines in DLC1 was found to depend on CDK5, as determined by the red ...
... Using in silico analysis of the CDK5 consensus sequence, (S/T) PX(K/H/R), we identified four serines in DLC1 as candidates for phosphorylation by CDK5: S120, S205, S422, and S509 (Fig. 2 A). Experimentally, phosphorylation of some serines in DLC1 was found to depend on CDK5, as determined by the red ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... after 30 min by adding 2 vol. ethanol and the whole mixture was filtered through glass-fibre filters (Schleicher & Schull, no. 8; Dassel, F.R.G.). The filters and retained material were washed twice with 20 ml each of 66% (v/v) ethanol, 5 % (w/v) trichloroacetic acid and 50% ethanol, and then dried ...
... after 30 min by adding 2 vol. ethanol and the whole mixture was filtered through glass-fibre filters (Schleicher & Schull, no. 8; Dassel, F.R.G.). The filters and retained material were washed twice with 20 ml each of 66% (v/v) ethanol, 5 % (w/v) trichloroacetic acid and 50% ethanol, and then dried ...
02.Houtkooper (162)
... isoforms are expressed in trunk and limb muscles from normal adult animals (i.e., the bslow or type I), and the three different fast IIA, IIX, and IIB MyHCs (see Schiaffino & Reggiani 1996). There is a close relationship between V0, the actinactivated ATPase activity of myosin, and the myosin isofor ...
... isoforms are expressed in trunk and limb muscles from normal adult animals (i.e., the bslow or type I), and the three different fast IIA, IIX, and IIB MyHCs (see Schiaffino & Reggiani 1996). There is a close relationship between V0, the actinactivated ATPase activity of myosin, and the myosin isofor ...
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... nuclear and mitochondrial encoded proteins and spg7(RNAi), which blocks an essential mitochondrial protease (Yoneda et al., 2004; Nolden et al., 2005; Figure 1B). Specificity for the UPRmt is revealed by the observation that dve-1(RNAi) did not affect the upregulation of a UPRer reporter (hsp-4pr::g ...
... nuclear and mitochondrial encoded proteins and spg7(RNAi), which blocks an essential mitochondrial protease (Yoneda et al., 2004; Nolden et al., 2005; Figure 1B). Specificity for the UPRmt is revealed by the observation that dve-1(RNAi) did not affect the upregulation of a UPRer reporter (hsp-4pr::g ...
HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription Protein Induces Mitochondrial
... cells (2), thus increasing the probability that it will be found at higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat e ...
... cells (2), thus increasing the probability that it will be found at higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat e ...
Cytokinesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unk.cilliate.jpg?width=300)
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.