![Characterization of rat epimorphin/syntaxin 2 expression suggests a](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017599592_1-07117a0301c0c10ce3c210a166e5df06-300x300.png)
Characterization of rat epimorphin/syntaxin 2 expression suggests a
... indicates 80-bp 18S fragment used for normalization (Ambion). ...
... indicates 80-bp 18S fragment used for normalization (Ambion). ...
Requirement of Heavy Neurofilament Subunit in the Development of
... in vivo, rodent NFs appear to be obligate heteropolymers since none of the rat or mouse NF subunits can form filaments when transfected individually into cells lacking an endogenous IF network (Ching and Liem, 1993; Lee et al., 1993). Similar conclusions have also been reached by expressing rat NFs ...
... in vivo, rodent NFs appear to be obligate heteropolymers since none of the rat or mouse NF subunits can form filaments when transfected individually into cells lacking an endogenous IF network (Ching and Liem, 1993; Lee et al., 1993). Similar conclusions have also been reached by expressing rat NFs ...
Eph/ephrin signaling maintains the boundary of
... involution; DFCs-IV, many small clusters of DFCs and involuting cells (Fig. 3N). As shown in Fig. 3O, injection of ephb4b-MO2 at the one-cell stage or 512-cell stage resulted in about 50% embryos with abnormal DFC distribution. Interestingly, the majority of abnormal DFCs in ephb4b morphants belonge ...
... involution; DFCs-IV, many small clusters of DFCs and involuting cells (Fig. 3N). As shown in Fig. 3O, injection of ephb4b-MO2 at the one-cell stage or 512-cell stage resulted in about 50% embryos with abnormal DFC distribution. Interestingly, the majority of abnormal DFCs in ephb4b morphants belonge ...
Exosomes with major histocompatibility complex class II and
... endosomal compartments and are produced by several cell types, including T-cells, Bcells and dendritic cells (DC)s. Exosomes from DCs express major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) class I and II, and co-stimulatory molecules on their surface, and can induce antigen-specific activation of T-cells. ...
... endosomal compartments and are produced by several cell types, including T-cells, Bcells and dendritic cells (DC)s. Exosomes from DCs express major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) class I and II, and co-stimulatory molecules on their surface, and can induce antigen-specific activation of T-cells. ...
as a PDF
... tissue from anterior to posterior as gastrulation proceeds [8, 11]. The need for reliable coordination of these cell behaviors suggests that several mechanisms must work in concert to control this process. ...
... tissue from anterior to posterior as gastrulation proceeds [8, 11]. The need for reliable coordination of these cell behaviors suggests that several mechanisms must work in concert to control this process. ...
Communications between Mitochondria, the Nucleus, Vacuoles
... FIGURE 1 | A model for how various organelle-organelle and organelle-cytosol communications impact yeast chronological aging. These communications involve movements of certain metabolites between various cellular compartments. Different changes in these metabolites are temporally restricted to longe ...
... FIGURE 1 | A model for how various organelle-organelle and organelle-cytosol communications impact yeast chronological aging. These communications involve movements of certain metabolites between various cellular compartments. Different changes in these metabolites are temporally restricted to longe ...
Left-right axis determination - Izpisua Belmonte Lab
... the action of the H+ /K+ ATPase.43 Interestingly, this activity does not alter cilia or fluid flow dynamics, which emerge at later stages.43 Therefore, L–R axis determination seems to use parallel processes to transfer L–R asymmetric information, at least in fish. In Xenopus, asymmetries in microfil ...
... the action of the H+ /K+ ATPase.43 Interestingly, this activity does not alter cilia or fluid flow dynamics, which emerge at later stages.43 Therefore, L–R axis determination seems to use parallel processes to transfer L–R asymmetric information, at least in fish. In Xenopus, asymmetries in microfil ...
Functional ultrastructure of the plant nucleolus
... precisely defined functions associated with ribosome biosynthesis. The confinement of specific protein and ribonucleoprotein machineries to different nucleolar territories imposes on the compartments the sites where successive steps of ribosome biogenesis are realized. Dynamic integration of rDNA tr ...
... precisely defined functions associated with ribosome biosynthesis. The confinement of specific protein and ribonucleoprotein machineries to different nucleolar territories imposes on the compartments the sites where successive steps of ribosome biogenesis are realized. Dynamic integration of rDNA tr ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... such proteins may affect signaling pathways that maintain cells in a differentiated, nonproliferative state. Additionally, the aberrant cell-cell junctions formed in scrib, dlg, and lgl mutants could compromise contact inhibition. Finally, disruption of cell-cell contacts may release junction-locali ...
... such proteins may affect signaling pathways that maintain cells in a differentiated, nonproliferative state. Additionally, the aberrant cell-cell junctions formed in scrib, dlg, and lgl mutants could compromise contact inhibition. Finally, disruption of cell-cell contacts may release junction-locali ...
The ATP synthase is involved in generating mitochondrial cristae
... and DTIM11 mutant cells grew using lactate as carbon source either at 28 or 37°C, thus indicating that they were able to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. However, they had generation times longer than that of the wild-type strain. Indeed, 40% of DATP20 and DTIM11 mutant cells spontaneousl ...
... and DTIM11 mutant cells grew using lactate as carbon source either at 28 or 37°C, thus indicating that they were able to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. However, they had generation times longer than that of the wild-type strain. Indeed, 40% of DATP20 and DTIM11 mutant cells spontaneousl ...
Achilles` heel of Grapevine Downy Mildew
... characterization of the contractile vacuole, a pivotal organelle of zoospores, collecting incoming water and expelling it again in regular cycles. Without this mechanism zoospores would burst. The results revealed that grapevine leaves which have a lower stomatal density allocation exhibit a lower s ...
... characterization of the contractile vacuole, a pivotal organelle of zoospores, collecting incoming water and expelling it again in regular cycles. Without this mechanism zoospores would burst. The results revealed that grapevine leaves which have a lower stomatal density allocation exhibit a lower s ...
all-unit-learning-objectives
... Higher – Cell Biology Can I: Cell structure in relation to function Identify cells from different tissue types Explain the relationship between the structure of the cell and its function Give examples of unicellular organisms Define diffusion and osmosis Explain the role of the cell wall a ...
... Higher – Cell Biology Can I: Cell structure in relation to function Identify cells from different tissue types Explain the relationship between the structure of the cell and its function Give examples of unicellular organisms Define diffusion and osmosis Explain the role of the cell wall a ...
ATR Regulates a G2-Phase Cell-Cycle Checkpoint
... Here, we investigate the effects of an ATR T-DNA insertion allele in the plant Arabidopsis. The allele has a 6-kb insertion within the kinase domain and is presumably null. We find that the mutant plant (atr) is viable and developmentally normal in the absence of exogenous DNA-damaging treatments bu ...
... Here, we investigate the effects of an ATR T-DNA insertion allele in the plant Arabidopsis. The allele has a 6-kb insertion within the kinase domain and is presumably null. We find that the mutant plant (atr) is viable and developmentally normal in the absence of exogenous DNA-damaging treatments bu ...
Separate Functions of Gelsolin Mediate Sequential Steps of
... plasma membrane around fibrils is mediated by actin polymerization, a process requiring the generation and uncapping of actin barbed ends. Gelsolin is an actin binding protein that regulates actin filament length by severing preexisting filaments and by capping the fast-growing end (or both). These ...
... plasma membrane around fibrils is mediated by actin polymerization, a process requiring the generation and uncapping of actin barbed ends. Gelsolin is an actin binding protein that regulates actin filament length by severing preexisting filaments and by capping the fast-growing end (or both). These ...
Ameba Coloring - Learn District 196
... There are two types of cytoplasm in the ameba, the darker cytoplasm toward the interior of the protozoan is called endoplasm, and the clearer cytoplasm that is found near the cell membrane is called ectoplasm. (On the coloring, the endoplasm is indicated by the dotted area, and the ectoplasm by the ...
... There are two types of cytoplasm in the ameba, the darker cytoplasm toward the interior of the protozoan is called endoplasm, and the clearer cytoplasm that is found near the cell membrane is called ectoplasm. (On the coloring, the endoplasm is indicated by the dotted area, and the ectoplasm by the ...
Cell Alloimmunization Hemin Controls T Cell Polarization in Sickle
... Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) often require transfusions to treat and prevent worsening anemia and other SCD complications. However, transfusions can trigger alloimmunization against transfused RBCs with serious clinical sequelae. Risk factors for alloimmunization in SCD remain poorly unde ...
... Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) often require transfusions to treat and prevent worsening anemia and other SCD complications. However, transfusions can trigger alloimmunization against transfused RBCs with serious clinical sequelae. Risk factors for alloimmunization in SCD remain poorly unde ...
[Project Name] Post
... cellulose hydrogels (RCH) for orthopedic applications. Cellulose Regenerated by the Viscose process (CRV®) was patented and thoroughly investigated in terms of physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. It was later chemically modified to enhance its bioactivity through modifications suc ...
... cellulose hydrogels (RCH) for orthopedic applications. Cellulose Regenerated by the Viscose process (CRV®) was patented and thoroughly investigated in terms of physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. It was later chemically modified to enhance its bioactivity through modifications suc ...
Antibiotic use and abuse: A threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts
... have evolved from endosymbiotic aproteobacteria and cyanobacteria-like prokaryotes, respectively (Fig. 1A) [1, 2]. This endosymbiotic origin also makes these organelles vulnerable to antibiotics. Mitochondria and chloroplasts retained multiple copies of their own circular DNA (mtDNA and cpDNA), a ve ...
... have evolved from endosymbiotic aproteobacteria and cyanobacteria-like prokaryotes, respectively (Fig. 1A) [1, 2]. This endosymbiotic origin also makes these organelles vulnerable to antibiotics. Mitochondria and chloroplasts retained multiple copies of their own circular DNA (mtDNA and cpDNA), a ve ...
Cytoskeleton: What Does GTP Do for Septins? Dispatch
... complexes from cells and Drosophila embryos showed that each septin subunit indeed binds a molecule of guanine nucleotide [6,7]. For all GTPases, understanding their biochemistry has hinged on understanding the role of GTP binding and hydrolysis, and it seems likely that the same will hold for septi ...
... complexes from cells and Drosophila embryos showed that each septin subunit indeed binds a molecule of guanine nucleotide [6,7]. For all GTPases, understanding their biochemistry has hinged on understanding the role of GTP binding and hydrolysis, and it seems likely that the same will hold for septi ...
Disruption of Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Mechanisms Alters Responses
... et al., 1998; Soylu et al., 2005). Some bacterial and oomycete effectors suppress callose deposition as a virulence mechanism (Hauck et al., 2003; DebRoy et al., 2004; de Torres et al., 2006; Sohn et al., 2007). Previously, we found a poly(ADP-Rib) glycohydrolase (PARG2) and a Nudix hydrolase active ...
... et al., 1998; Soylu et al., 2005). Some bacterial and oomycete effectors suppress callose deposition as a virulence mechanism (Hauck et al., 2003; DebRoy et al., 2004; de Torres et al., 2006; Sohn et al., 2007). Previously, we found a poly(ADP-Rib) glycohydrolase (PARG2) and a Nudix hydrolase active ...
Ammodytoxins, Potent Presynaptic Neurotoxins
... Presynaptically acting sPLA2 neurotoxins interfere specifically with the release of acetylcholine from motoneurons, and their PLA2 activity is essential for the irreversible blockade of neuromuscular transmission (5, 6). It has been suggested that structurally different sPLA2 neurotoxins from differ ...
... Presynaptically acting sPLA2 neurotoxins interfere specifically with the release of acetylcholine from motoneurons, and their PLA2 activity is essential for the irreversible blockade of neuromuscular transmission (5, 6). It has been suggested that structurally different sPLA2 neurotoxins from differ ...
`Sarcomeres` of smooth muscle - Journal of Cell Science
... by marking and keeping track of the number of filaments counted (tag-point counting). The software also helped in determining distance between two points and area measurements. Statistical analysis and comparison among data groups were performed by one-way ANOVA or Student’s t-test. For morphometric ...
... by marking and keeping track of the number of filaments counted (tag-point counting). The software also helped in determining distance between two points and area measurements. Statistical analysis and comparison among data groups were performed by one-way ANOVA or Student’s t-test. For morphometric ...
The Aspergillus fumigatus cspA Gene Encoding a Repeat
... DNA analysis. A. fumigatus genomic DNA was extracted using the MasterPure yeast DNA purification kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison, WI) with modifications for A. fumigatus as described by Jin et al. (22). Southern hybridization analysis was performed as described previously (20). Briefly, 10 ...
... DNA analysis. A. fumigatus genomic DNA was extracted using the MasterPure yeast DNA purification kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison, WI) with modifications for A. fumigatus as described by Jin et al. (22). Southern hybridization analysis was performed as described previously (20). Briefly, 10 ...
Mutations in the Arabidopsis RPK1 gene uncouple cotyledon
... mutants manifest in a spatially and timely stochastic fashion probably due to redundancy of RPK1-like functions. ...
... mutants manifest in a spatially and timely stochastic fashion probably due to redundancy of RPK1-like functions. ...
FrontPage 2003
... A layout table is a framework that organizes the content of an entire page You can use a layout table instead of creating a new Web page and then adding a table to it Each cell in a layout table can contain content such as images, text, and hyperlinks ...
... A layout table is a framework that organizes the content of an entire page You can use a layout table instead of creating a new Web page and then adding a table to it Each cell in a layout table can contain content such as images, text, and hyperlinks ...
Cytokinesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unk.cilliate.jpg?width=300)
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.