A Small GTPase of the Rab Family Is Required for Root Hair
... Rab fusion was evenly distributed along the root hair (Figure 3A). Compartments labeled by the GFP-RabA2 fusion moved along the root hair as showed in the time course presented in Figure 3B and Supplemental Movie 1 online. Upon inoculation with R. etli, the growth of some root hairs is reoriented to ...
... Rab fusion was evenly distributed along the root hair (Figure 3A). Compartments labeled by the GFP-RabA2 fusion moved along the root hair as showed in the time course presented in Figure 3B and Supplemental Movie 1 online. Upon inoculation with R. etli, the growth of some root hairs is reoriented to ...
Memory device that programs more than two states into memory cell
... substantially focused on four different resistance levels or states and 2 bits of data per cell. HoWever, this is for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In principle it is possible to store 3 or more states. To program a phase-change memory cell to an ...
... substantially focused on four different resistance levels or states and 2 bits of data per cell. HoWever, this is for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In principle it is possible to store 3 or more states. To program a phase-change memory cell to an ...
Systems‐based analysis of Arabidopsis leaf growth reveals
... et al, 1999). Cell expansion is driven by uptake of water into the vacuole and controlled modifications and enlargement of the cell wall, and accounts for most of the leaf mass increase in growing plants. It is associated with DNA endoreplication and differentiation into specialised cells (Ingram and ...
... et al, 1999). Cell expansion is driven by uptake of water into the vacuole and controlled modifications and enlargement of the cell wall, and accounts for most of the leaf mass increase in growing plants. It is associated with DNA endoreplication and differentiation into specialised cells (Ingram and ...
Glycophorin C Content of Human Erythrocyte
... ately reduced in membranes partially deficient in protein 4. I. In contrast, the PAS staining intensity of bands corresponding to glycophorin A in protein 4.1 deficient membranes was indistinguishable from that Secn in normal membranes (data not shown). T h w data imply that the membrane content of ...
... ately reduced in membranes partially deficient in protein 4. I. In contrast, the PAS staining intensity of bands corresponding to glycophorin A in protein 4.1 deficient membranes was indistinguishable from that Secn in normal membranes (data not shown). T h w data imply that the membrane content of ...
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... were studied and revealed insights into the population heterogeneity following viral infection. ...
... were studied and revealed insights into the population heterogeneity following viral infection. ...
Sequential depolarization of root cortical and stelar cells induced by
... potential and a transient drop in xylem K+ activity (AK+) within ~1 min after stress onset. At this time, no detectable amounts of Na+ were released into the xylem vessels. The observed drop in AK+ was unexpected, given the fact that application of the physiologically relevant concentrations of Na+ ...
... potential and a transient drop in xylem K+ activity (AK+) within ~1 min after stress onset. At this time, no detectable amounts of Na+ were released into the xylem vessels. The observed drop in AK+ was unexpected, given the fact that application of the physiologically relevant concentrations of Na+ ...
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... responses. Recent, elegant genetic and electrophysiological studies have shown that specialized macromolecular complexes, encompassing mechanically gated ion channels, play a central role in the transformation of mechanical forces into a cellular signal, which takes place in mechanosensory organs of ...
... responses. Recent, elegant genetic and electrophysiological studies have shown that specialized macromolecular complexes, encompassing mechanically gated ion channels, play a central role in the transformation of mechanical forces into a cellular signal, which takes place in mechanosensory organs of ...
Functional Analysis of Cellulose and Xyloglucan
... guard cells, the repeatable expansion and contraction of which control transpiration and gas exchange between the plant and the environment. Stomatal development involves a series of cell divisions and cell identity transitions that are tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Cass ...
... guard cells, the repeatable expansion and contraction of which control transpiration and gas exchange between the plant and the environment. Stomatal development involves a series of cell divisions and cell identity transitions that are tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Cass ...
NF-kB as a primary regulator of the stress response
... recent report demonstrated via phosphopeptide mapping studies that IKK2 is phosphorylated at Ser 177 and Ser 181 in response to pro-in¯amatory cytokines (Delhase et al., 1999). These studies strongly suggest that the IKKs are themselves phosphorylated and activated by one or more upstream kinases. M ...
... recent report demonstrated via phosphopeptide mapping studies that IKK2 is phosphorylated at Ser 177 and Ser 181 in response to pro-in¯amatory cytokines (Delhase et al., 1999). These studies strongly suggest that the IKKs are themselves phosphorylated and activated by one or more upstream kinases. M ...
Floral and Leaf Anatomy of Hibiscus Species
... foliar trichomes, have been observed. Nwachukwu and Mbagwu [25] reported on anatomical features of the roots and leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Abelmoschus esculenta results obtained from it showed presence of long chain and numerous epidermal cells in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis while they are sho ...
... foliar trichomes, have been observed. Nwachukwu and Mbagwu [25] reported on anatomical features of the roots and leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Abelmoschus esculenta results obtained from it showed presence of long chain and numerous epidermal cells in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis while they are sho ...
Nutrients and growth factors in mTORC1 activation
... GTPases interact with and recruit mTORC1 to the outer lysosomal surface, where the Rag and Rheb GTPases reside [4,8], allowing mTORC1 kinase activation by the latter. This mechanistic insight explains why both nutrient and growth factor inputs cannot substitute for each other and must simultaneously ...
... GTPases interact with and recruit mTORC1 to the outer lysosomal surface, where the Rag and Rheb GTPases reside [4,8], allowing mTORC1 kinase activation by the latter. This mechanistic insight explains why both nutrient and growth factor inputs cannot substitute for each other and must simultaneously ...
Two Separate Functions Are Encoded by the Carboxyl
... cellular responsiveness to RAS and a second set that pertains directly to cellular growth control and the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton (3, 4). Each set of phenotypes can be ascribed to separate domains on the CAP protein. The amino (NH2) terminus is required for cellular RAS-responsiveness in ...
... cellular responsiveness to RAS and a second set that pertains directly to cellular growth control and the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton (3, 4). Each set of phenotypes can be ascribed to separate domains on the CAP protein. The amino (NH2) terminus is required for cellular RAS-responsiveness in ...
Presentation - MIT Lincoln Laboratory
... • Therefore, in a single cycle: • State is updated (event is committed) ...
... • Therefore, in a single cycle: • State is updated (event is committed) ...
SKIP controls lysosome positioning using a composite kinesin
... a control GFP and HA-KLC2. Co-transfection of mCit-KHC with HA-KLC2 resulted in an increase in HA-KLC2 expression compared to co-transfection with GFP (Figure 5A, compare lanes 1,2). Cit-KHC was bound (lane 4) and efficiently depleted from cell extracts (compare lanes 2 and 6) using GFP-TRAP beads. ...
... a control GFP and HA-KLC2. Co-transfection of mCit-KHC with HA-KLC2 resulted in an increase in HA-KLC2 expression compared to co-transfection with GFP (Figure 5A, compare lanes 1,2). Cit-KHC was bound (lane 4) and efficiently depleted from cell extracts (compare lanes 2 and 6) using GFP-TRAP beads. ...
high-throughput transient gene expression in plant
... With the invention of recombinant DNA technology, it is possible to make a construct in vitro and then put it into a cell by transfection. Breakthrough techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, molecular cloning and DNA microarray have greatly accelerated the field of life ...
... With the invention of recombinant DNA technology, it is possible to make a construct in vitro and then put it into a cell by transfection. Breakthrough techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, molecular cloning and DNA microarray have greatly accelerated the field of life ...
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... connexió immediata, per la complicitat i amistat sincera, a més de per la muntanya que encara hem de començar a fer junts. Thanks to my New York girls: Gracias a Carolina (la Pola), por ser la alegría de la huerta y por casi llevarme al huerto, además de por tu amistad. Gracias a Laura, todo-corazón ...
... connexió immediata, per la complicitat i amistat sincera, a més de per la muntanya que encara hem de començar a fer junts. Thanks to my New York girls: Gracias a Carolina (la Pola), por ser la alegría de la huerta y por casi llevarme al huerto, además de por tu amistad. Gracias a Laura, todo-corazón ...
The beneficial role of proteolysis in skeletal muscle growth and
... restructuring and muscle growth (Fig. 2). Collectively, these studies offer an alternative function for the proteasome, for what otherwise has been largely considered to be a conveyor of muscle wasting and pathology. ...
... restructuring and muscle growth (Fig. 2). Collectively, these studies offer an alternative function for the proteasome, for what otherwise has been largely considered to be a conveyor of muscle wasting and pathology. ...
Mice lacking synaptophysin reproduce and form typical synaptic
... 1987). These reagents have been valuable tools for the establishment of synaptophysin as a widely accepted marker for neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation in tissue and tumor typing as it is an obligatory intrinsic membrane component of the abundant small (diameter between 30 and 50 nm) elect ...
... 1987). These reagents have been valuable tools for the establishment of synaptophysin as a widely accepted marker for neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation in tissue and tumor typing as it is an obligatory intrinsic membrane component of the abundant small (diameter between 30 and 50 nm) elect ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
... Short-range transport. Membranes of plant cells are not in direct contact with each other because of the presence of a cellulose-based cell wall. Thus, molecules have three possibilities for short-range movement: (i) transport inside the cell wall, without entering the cell (apoplastic transport); ( ...
... Short-range transport. Membranes of plant cells are not in direct contact with each other because of the presence of a cellulose-based cell wall. Thus, molecules have three possibilities for short-range movement: (i) transport inside the cell wall, without entering the cell (apoplastic transport); ( ...
Midgut and muscle development in Drosophila melanogaster
... Before gastrulation, the embryo consists of a single epithelial sheet, the cellular blastoderm which consists of about 6000 columnar cells enclosing the central yolk, and a group of arround 30 germ line cells known as the pole cells lying on the surface of this sheet at the posterior pole of the emb ...
... Before gastrulation, the embryo consists of a single epithelial sheet, the cellular blastoderm which consists of about 6000 columnar cells enclosing the central yolk, and a group of arround 30 germ line cells known as the pole cells lying on the surface of this sheet at the posterior pole of the emb ...
Golgi-targeting sequence of p230 - Journal of Cell Science
... subpopulation of non-clathrin-coated vesicles budding from the TGN (Gleeson et al., 1996). As p230 recycles between the cytosol and the membranes of the TGN, there must be a mechanism to target this peripheral membane protein specifically to TGN membranes. The majority (approx. 85%) of p230 is predi ...
... subpopulation of non-clathrin-coated vesicles budding from the TGN (Gleeson et al., 1996). As p230 recycles between the cytosol and the membranes of the TGN, there must be a mechanism to target this peripheral membane protein specifically to TGN membranes. The majority (approx. 85%) of p230 is predi ...
Protein kinase Ca activation by RET: evidence for a negative
... proto-oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, RET and a GPI-anchored protein named GFRa. The existence of four different GFRa proteins (GFRa1, GFRa2, GFRa3 and GFRa4) gives different ligands the specificity of binding to RET-GFRa complex. The GFRa receptors are linked to the cell membrane via glycosyl-ph ...
... proto-oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, RET and a GPI-anchored protein named GFRa. The existence of four different GFRa proteins (GFRa1, GFRa2, GFRa3 and GFRa4) gives different ligands the specificity of binding to RET-GFRa complex. The GFRa receptors are linked to the cell membrane via glycosyl-ph ...
Sorting of plant vacuolar proteins is initiated in the ER
... (Bin, amphiphysin, Rvs) domain that enables sensing of membrane curvature, and thus drives the formation of transport carriers (Cullen, 2008; Lemmon, 2008). The above paradigm for post-Golgi protein trafficking has often been used as a guideline for plant scientists in discussions on vacuolar protei ...
... (Bin, amphiphysin, Rvs) domain that enables sensing of membrane curvature, and thus drives the formation of transport carriers (Cullen, 2008; Lemmon, 2008). The above paradigm for post-Golgi protein trafficking has often been used as a guideline for plant scientists in discussions on vacuolar protei ...
Genetic Models of Mechanotransduction: The
... responses. Recent, elegant genetic and electrophysiological studies have shown that specialized macromolecular complexes, encompassing mechanically gated ion channels, play a central role in the transformation of mechanical forces into a cellular signal, which takes place in mechanosensory organs of ...
... responses. Recent, elegant genetic and electrophysiological studies have shown that specialized macromolecular complexes, encompassing mechanically gated ion channels, play a central role in the transformation of mechanical forces into a cellular signal, which takes place in mechanosensory organs of ...
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... An essential step in the determination of structure-function relationships at a molecular level is to investigate the intrinsic properties of isolated proteins, via molecular biology, biochemical and structural approaches [1–3]. However, it is also necessary to study protein function in an integrate ...
... An essential step in the determination of structure-function relationships at a molecular level is to investigate the intrinsic properties of isolated proteins, via molecular biology, biochemical and structural approaches [1–3]. However, it is also necessary to study protein function in an integrate ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.