Increased root hair density by loss of WRKY6 in Arabidopsis
... are found in different species, with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana having a simple, regular pattern ideally suited for genetic dissection of the underlying genetics (Datta et al., 2011). Root hairs provide a competitive advantage to Arabidopsis thaliana (Bates & Lynch, 2001) and barley (Gahoo ...
... are found in different species, with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana having a simple, regular pattern ideally suited for genetic dissection of the underlying genetics (Datta et al., 2011). Root hairs provide a competitive advantage to Arabidopsis thaliana (Bates & Lynch, 2001) and barley (Gahoo ...
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... interaction of endothelial cells with basement membrane components plays an important role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. During development, the basement membrane of endothelium provides distinct spatial and molecular information that influences endothelial cell proliferation, migrati ...
... interaction of endothelial cells with basement membrane components plays an important role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. During development, the basement membrane of endothelium provides distinct spatial and molecular information that influences endothelial cell proliferation, migrati ...
Chloroplasts in living cells and the string-of
... sufficiently detached as to form a loop extending away from the main body of the chloroplast. Six grana in the loop are very conspicuous, and two arrows point to fine threads connecting grana just at the limit of resolution of the phase microscope. This partial disruption of isolated chloroplasts ca ...
... sufficiently detached as to form a loop extending away from the main body of the chloroplast. Six grana in the loop are very conspicuous, and two arrows point to fine threads connecting grana just at the limit of resolution of the phase microscope. This partial disruption of isolated chloroplasts ca ...
Dynamics of a=Tubulin Deacetylation in Intact Neurons
... in the samples, the labeled bands were excised from the transfers and counted in a y-counter (LKB Rackgamma II). The bands were located by using the radioactive ink spots on the autoradiograph and the ink spots on the blots as coordinates. Levels of background binding were assessed by counting sever ...
... in the samples, the labeled bands were excised from the transfers and counted in a y-counter (LKB Rackgamma II). The bands were located by using the radioactive ink spots on the autoradiograph and the ink spots on the blots as coordinates. Levels of background binding were assessed by counting sever ...
Assembling the Presynaptic Active Zone: A Characterization of an
... synaptophysin and AMPA receptor (data not shown), indicating that Piccolo is recruited to nascent synapses in these immature cultured neurons. Accumulation Dynamics of Piccolo at Nascent Synapses To estimate when Piccolo is recruited into individual nascent synapses, a retrospective immunohistochemi ...
... synaptophysin and AMPA receptor (data not shown), indicating that Piccolo is recruited to nascent synapses in these immature cultured neurons. Accumulation Dynamics of Piccolo at Nascent Synapses To estimate when Piccolo is recruited into individual nascent synapses, a retrospective immunohistochemi ...
THE RENAL ELECTROGENIC Na+:HCO3 COTRANSPORTER
... transport was inward or outward, respectively. However, the application of CO2/HCO3− can cause non-specific Vm changes. In the first place, CO2 diffuses rapidly across most cell membranes and could cause pHi decreases in the bulk cytoplasm, preceded by perhaps even larger pH changes in the unstirred ...
... transport was inward or outward, respectively. However, the application of CO2/HCO3− can cause non-specific Vm changes. In the first place, CO2 diffuses rapidly across most cell membranes and could cause pHi decreases in the bulk cytoplasm, preceded by perhaps even larger pH changes in the unstirred ...
Lens Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP)
... turbidity assay. The absorbance time course at 350 nm was monitored when PC-Mbs vesicles (-) and PC vesicles (A)were mixed with 25 pM PS vesicles. Vesicles were incubated in the same solution described for Figure 1. After 3 min of preincubation, 25 r M PS vesicles was added to the cuvette (arrow). e ...
... turbidity assay. The absorbance time course at 350 nm was monitored when PC-Mbs vesicles (-) and PC vesicles (A)were mixed with 25 pM PS vesicles. Vesicles were incubated in the same solution described for Figure 1. After 3 min of preincubation, 25 r M PS vesicles was added to the cuvette (arrow). e ...
Microsoft Word (manuscript)
... complex and described it in detail, showing that for association of DPM1 with DPM2 24 Cterminal amino acids of DPM1and Phe 21 and Tyr 23 from DPM2 were important. Furthermore, DPM3 alone was able to stabilize DPM1 and DPM synthase had an enzymatic activity without the DPM2 subunit, however, the act ...
... complex and described it in detail, showing that for association of DPM1 with DPM2 24 Cterminal amino acids of DPM1and Phe 21 and Tyr 23 from DPM2 were important. Furthermore, DPM3 alone was able to stabilize DPM1 and DPM synthase had an enzymatic activity without the DPM2 subunit, however, the act ...
the uptake of valine and cytidine by sea
... make a suspension of washed fertilized eggs at a concentration of about 2000 eggs/ml. At intervals, 1 ml of the suspension was added to 0-2 ml of [14C]valine in sea water to give a final valine concentration of i6-7/tg/ml. At the end of the labelling period (usually 5 min) excess non-radioactive val ...
... make a suspension of washed fertilized eggs at a concentration of about 2000 eggs/ml. At intervals, 1 ml of the suspension was added to 0-2 ml of [14C]valine in sea water to give a final valine concentration of i6-7/tg/ml. At the end of the labelling period (usually 5 min) excess non-radioactive val ...
The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new
... closely together through hydrophobic interactions. As it is now clear that the basic functional unit is a dimer, Kemp has suggested the term ‘Bateman domain’ to refer to the structure formed by two tandem repeats (Kemp, 2004). Initially, the function(s) of Bateman domains was not known, but recent s ...
... closely together through hydrophobic interactions. As it is now clear that the basic functional unit is a dimer, Kemp has suggested the term ‘Bateman domain’ to refer to the structure formed by two tandem repeats (Kemp, 2004). Initially, the function(s) of Bateman domains was not known, but recent s ...
S6 Table. GO categories found to be significantly modified in AhERF
... cellular macromolecular complex assembly, cellular component assembly, cellular macromolecular complex subunit organization, macromolecular complex assembly, macromolecular complex subunit organization, ...
... cellular macromolecular complex assembly, cellular component assembly, cellular macromolecular complex subunit organization, macromolecular complex assembly, macromolecular complex subunit organization, ...
Lysosomes in iron metabolism, ageing and apoptosis
... lipofuscin-loaded lysosomes become plentiful, which certainly is the case in senescent long-lived postmitotic cells, the latter may run short of functional lysosomal enzymes. Although the total amount of lysosomal enzymes may be larger than in young cells, much of it is misdirected. In such circumst ...
... lipofuscin-loaded lysosomes become plentiful, which certainly is the case in senescent long-lived postmitotic cells, the latter may run short of functional lysosomal enzymes. Although the total amount of lysosomal enzymes may be larger than in young cells, much of it is misdirected. In such circumst ...
Rapid Structural Changes and Acidification of Guard Cell Vacuoles
... Rab-GTPase Ypt7p, the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting complex, the Ccz1p-Mon1p complex, and the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-ATPase) complex are known to be important components of the vacuolar fusion machinery (Wang et al., 2001; Baars et al., 2007). By contrast, V-ATPase proton pump acti ...
... Rab-GTPase Ypt7p, the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting complex, the Ccz1p-Mon1p complex, and the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-ATPase) complex are known to be important components of the vacuolar fusion machinery (Wang et al., 2001; Baars et al., 2007). By contrast, V-ATPase proton pump acti ...
Cytokinin Lecture
... (that function in conjunction with auxin) Discovered as: 1. A root derived factor required for shoot growth in culture. 2. A factor in endosperm that promotes cell division in culture (in the presence of auxin). 3. A DNA breakdown product that causes shoot cell division (in the presence of auxin). ...
... (that function in conjunction with auxin) Discovered as: 1. A root derived factor required for shoot growth in culture. 2. A factor in endosperm that promotes cell division in culture (in the presence of auxin). 3. A DNA breakdown product that causes shoot cell division (in the presence of auxin). ...
A pollen-specific calmodulin-binding protein, NPG1, interacts with
... the least activity was found with petunia #5. The expression of all four AtPLLs in yeast cells was confirmed by western blot analysis using antibodies to the GAL4 activation domain (Fig. 3B). To test the specificity of NPG1 interaction with PLLs, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assay with NPGR2, a p ...
... the least activity was found with petunia #5. The expression of all four AtPLLs in yeast cells was confirmed by western blot analysis using antibodies to the GAL4 activation domain (Fig. 3B). To test the specificity of NPG1 interaction with PLLs, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assay with NPGR2, a p ...
Dynamics of Cell Movement and Tissue Motion in Gastrulation and
... The ability of each individual species to maintain its developmental patterns comes from the replication from one generation to the next of genetic information encoded in DNA, which provides the blueprint for these patterns. Since the discovery of the double-stranded structure of DNA in 1953 and of ...
... The ability of each individual species to maintain its developmental patterns comes from the replication from one generation to the next of genetic information encoded in DNA, which provides the blueprint for these patterns. Since the discovery of the double-stranded structure of DNA in 1953 and of ...
Amphibian gastrulation: history and evolution of a 125 year
... the lower white hemisphere of the "egg" was progressively covered with the pigmented territory expanding from the upper hemisphere. Rusconi (1826) thus accurately described the early developmental stages of a green frog egg (Rana esculenta ?) and particularly the external appearance of the still unn ...
... the lower white hemisphere of the "egg" was progressively covered with the pigmented territory expanding from the upper hemisphere. Rusconi (1826) thus accurately described the early developmental stages of a green frog egg (Rana esculenta ?) and particularly the external appearance of the still unn ...
The Ovule and the Embryo Sac
... develops within the anther, whereas the female gametophyte (embryo sac or megagametophyte) is a product of the ovule. Sexual reproduction requires the delivery of the sperm nuclei, via the pollen, to the embryo sac, where fertilization occurs and the new diploid sporophyte is formed (see Dumas and M ...
... develops within the anther, whereas the female gametophyte (embryo sac or megagametophyte) is a product of the ovule. Sexual reproduction requires the delivery of the sperm nuclei, via the pollen, to the embryo sac, where fertilization occurs and the new diploid sporophyte is formed (see Dumas and M ...
Synthesis and characterization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate
... The B. thuringiensis R1 cells were grown for 70 h at 37°C with shaking at 150 rpm in a basal medium containing glycerol (1%v/v). Samples were harvested at different time intervals; the O.D. at 600 nm and dry weight was recorded. To study the effect of various carbon sources on the growth of B. thuri ...
... The B. thuringiensis R1 cells were grown for 70 h at 37°C with shaking at 150 rpm in a basal medium containing glycerol (1%v/v). Samples were harvested at different time intervals; the O.D. at 600 nm and dry weight was recorded. To study the effect of various carbon sources on the growth of B. thuri ...
Lysenin: A sphingomyelin specific pore
... Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan ...
... Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan ...
Coordination of microtubule and microfilament dynamics by
... crosslinking antagonizes the formation of the dynamic subcortical microtubule arrays that are required for ooplasmic streaming (Fig. 5o-p). We propose that activated Rho1 transduces a signal during stages 8-10b that promotes the crosslinking activity of Capu and SpireC by preventing binding of Spire ...
... crosslinking antagonizes the formation of the dynamic subcortical microtubule arrays that are required for ooplasmic streaming (Fig. 5o-p). We propose that activated Rho1 transduces a signal during stages 8-10b that promotes the crosslinking activity of Capu and SpireC by preventing binding of Spire ...
fuel cell power for vehicles - University of Michigan Transportation
... ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc. has more than 30 years’ experience in designing and manufacturing high-purity polymers for special high-technology applications such as fuel cells. The company’s KYNAR® PVDF fuel cell-grade polymers are well suited for proton exchange membranes, molded bi-polar plates, and co ...
... ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc. has more than 30 years’ experience in designing and manufacturing high-purity polymers for special high-technology applications such as fuel cells. The company’s KYNAR® PVDF fuel cell-grade polymers are well suited for proton exchange membranes, molded bi-polar plates, and co ...
Biosynthesis of Peptidoglycan in Wall plus Membrane Preparations
... Determination of enzyme activity in wall +membrane preparations. The complete reaction mixture contained (in a final volume of 200 pl) 50 mM-Tris/HCl (PH 7.8), 20 m~-MgCl,, I m~-2-mercaptoethanol, IOO m~-NH,cl, 15 mM-ATP and enzyme preparation (100,d). Radioactively labelled and unlabelled substrate ...
... Determination of enzyme activity in wall +membrane preparations. The complete reaction mixture contained (in a final volume of 200 pl) 50 mM-Tris/HCl (PH 7.8), 20 m~-MgCl,, I m~-2-mercaptoethanol, IOO m~-NH,cl, 15 mM-ATP and enzyme preparation (100,d). Radioactively labelled and unlabelled substrate ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.