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histology of organogenic and embryogenic responses in cotyledons
... In a previous paper on cork oak recurrent somatic embryogenesis (Puigderrajols et al. 1996), we reported that on PGRfree medium, secondary embryos arose from a slight initial proliferation at the external layers of the root cap and developed mainly following a multicellular budding pattern. Under th ...
... In a previous paper on cork oak recurrent somatic embryogenesis (Puigderrajols et al. 1996), we reported that on PGRfree medium, secondary embryos arose from a slight initial proliferation at the external layers of the root cap and developed mainly following a multicellular budding pattern. Under th ...
The Effect of Chemical Treatments of Albumin and Orosomucoid on
... protein in its monomeric form, and those of another may relate to it in some ill-defined aggregated form. Meaningful comparison of such results is impossible, since two such preparations of the same protein may each be taken up preferentially by a different cell type. Such studies are often further ...
... protein in its monomeric form, and those of another may relate to it in some ill-defined aggregated form. Meaningful comparison of such results is impossible, since two such preparations of the same protein may each be taken up preferentially by a different cell type. Such studies are often further ...
The mitochondrial compartment - Plant Mitochondrial dynamics
... Biogenesis of the cristal membranes is dependent on ETC biogenesis The extent to which the structural organization and compartmentalization of the energy-transducing inner mitochondrial membrane to form three components (inner boundary membrane, cristal membranes and intercristal space) are reflecte ...
... Biogenesis of the cristal membranes is dependent on ETC biogenesis The extent to which the structural organization and compartmentalization of the energy-transducing inner mitochondrial membrane to form three components (inner boundary membrane, cristal membranes and intercristal space) are reflecte ...
Transport Processes of Solutes across the Vacuolar Membrane of
... by a proton antiport mechanism or anions due to the membrane potential difference. Uptake can be catalyzed by channels or by transporters. Growing evidence shows that for most ions more than one transporter/channel exist at the vacuolar membrane. Furthermore, plant secondary products may be accumula ...
... by a proton antiport mechanism or anions due to the membrane potential difference. Uptake can be catalyzed by channels or by transporters. Growing evidence shows that for most ions more than one transporter/channel exist at the vacuolar membrane. Furthermore, plant secondary products may be accumula ...
Essays41 Chap03 - Essays in Biochemistry
... easily cover this distance by diffusion, and by use of these substrates it has been found that archaebacterial proteasomes preferentially hydrolyse peptide bonds at the C-terminal side of large hydrophobic amino-acid residues, thus exhibiting chymotrypsin-like specificity. However, within protein su ...
... easily cover this distance by diffusion, and by use of these substrates it has been found that archaebacterial proteasomes preferentially hydrolyse peptide bonds at the C-terminal side of large hydrophobic amino-acid residues, thus exhibiting chymotrypsin-like specificity. However, within protein su ...
Thesis Reference - Archive ouverte UNIGE
... improved, thereby boosting the induction of the adaptive immune response. In C57BL/6 mice, JAM-C blockade after L. major injection led to an enhanced IFN-γ dominated T helper 1 (Th1) response with reduced skin lesions and parasite burden. Conversely, anti JAM-C treatment increased the IL-4-driven T ...
... improved, thereby boosting the induction of the adaptive immune response. In C57BL/6 mice, JAM-C blockade after L. major injection led to an enhanced IFN-γ dominated T helper 1 (Th1) response with reduced skin lesions and parasite burden. Conversely, anti JAM-C treatment increased the IL-4-driven T ...
LIINA JAKOBSON The roles of abscisic acid, CO , and the cuticle in
... Potassium transport across the plasma membrane depends on the K+ concentration gradient and on the electrical potential of the plasma membrane. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it is facilitated by outward-rectifying K+ channels such as GORK1, which belongs to the Shaker-like protein family (Ache et al., 20 ...
... Potassium transport across the plasma membrane depends on the K+ concentration gradient and on the electrical potential of the plasma membrane. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it is facilitated by outward-rectifying K+ channels such as GORK1, which belongs to the Shaker-like protein family (Ache et al., 20 ...
Analysis of Connexin43 phosphorylated at S325, S328 and S330 in
... Furthermore, connexin mutations have been linked to several diseases (Bergoffen et al., 1993; Gong et al., 1997; Kelsell et al., 1997) including oculodentodigital dysplasia, a disease linked to Connexin43 (Cx43) mutations that can cause atrioseptal defects and arrhythmias (Paznekas et al., 2003). Tw ...
... Furthermore, connexin mutations have been linked to several diseases (Bergoffen et al., 1993; Gong et al., 1997; Kelsell et al., 1997) including oculodentodigital dysplasia, a disease linked to Connexin43 (Cx43) mutations that can cause atrioseptal defects and arrhythmias (Paznekas et al., 2003). Tw ...
PLEKHM1/DEF8/RAB7 complex regulates lysosome positioning and
... syndrome and its corresponding murine models, Ashen, Dilute, and Leaden mice, have uncovered the key molecular machinery of lysosome secretion (13–15). The small GTPase RAB27 plays a central role, but the precise components of the secretory apparatus vary in a cell type–specific manner. For instance ...
... syndrome and its corresponding murine models, Ashen, Dilute, and Leaden mice, have uncovered the key molecular machinery of lysosome secretion (13–15). The small GTPase RAB27 plays a central role, but the precise components of the secretory apparatus vary in a cell type–specific manner. For instance ...
LRRK2 and neuroinflammation: partners in crime
... different from those exerted in other brain cell types. Interestingly, Moehle and colleagues observed a robust induction of LRRK2 protein in microglia cells of mouse SNpc or striatum after LPS-induced inflammation [30]. Furthermore, in vitro studies reported increased LRRK2 protein expression in mic ...
... different from those exerted in other brain cell types. Interestingly, Moehle and colleagues observed a robust induction of LRRK2 protein in microglia cells of mouse SNpc or striatum after LPS-induced inflammation [30]. Furthermore, in vitro studies reported increased LRRK2 protein expression in mic ...
Auxin and self-organization at the shoot apical
... animals lies in the regulation of their organogenetic capacity over time. Unlike most animals, in which organogenesis occurs during embryonic development, plants can form new organs throughout their life cycle. Post-embryonic development occurs thanks to specialized tissues containing stem-cell nich ...
... animals lies in the regulation of their organogenetic capacity over time. Unlike most animals, in which organogenesis occurs during embryonic development, plants can form new organs throughout their life cycle. Post-embryonic development occurs thanks to specialized tissues containing stem-cell nich ...
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Strain IVIC Pb9
... Amino acids were also present in similar amounts in both preparations although it was not determined whether they were discrete proteins or glycoproteins. Electron micrographs (Fig. 5 ) showed fibrils shorter than those described by Carbonell, Kanetsuna & Gil (1970) for the chitin and P-1,3-glucan o ...
... Amino acids were also present in similar amounts in both preparations although it was not determined whether they were discrete proteins or glycoproteins. Electron micrographs (Fig. 5 ) showed fibrils shorter than those described by Carbonell, Kanetsuna & Gil (1970) for the chitin and P-1,3-glucan o ...
Two-step and one-step secretion mechanisms in Gram
... PapH in the growing pilus. This happens because PapH is unable to undergo DSE since it lacks a P5 pocket [27] (Figure 2C). No mechanism for type 1 pilus termination has been found yet as a PapH-like termination subunit is unknown in that pilus system. The usher assembly platform ...
... PapH in the growing pilus. This happens because PapH is unable to undergo DSE since it lacks a P5 pocket [27] (Figure 2C). No mechanism for type 1 pilus termination has been found yet as a PapH-like termination subunit is unknown in that pilus system. The usher assembly platform ...
REVIEWS
... transiently recruited to specific locations in plasma (and other) membranes, where they exert their functions (such as lipid modification or activation of small GTPases) or become effectively co-localized with partners in a signal-transduction pathway2,3. Some cellular compartments are ‘marked’ by t ...
... transiently recruited to specific locations in plasma (and other) membranes, where they exert their functions (such as lipid modification or activation of small GTPases) or become effectively co-localized with partners in a signal-transduction pathway2,3. Some cellular compartments are ‘marked’ by t ...
Rb is required for progression through myogenic differentiation but
... newborn Rbf/f:Myf5-Cre mice, we isolated primary myoblasts from Rbf/f adult muscle. To generate null mutations in Rb, we infected primary myoblasts isolated from Rbf/f mice with Cre-expressing adenovirus (Ad-Cre; Anton and Graham, 1995). Myoblasts were infected with Lac-Z–expressing adenovirus (Ad-L ...
... newborn Rbf/f:Myf5-Cre mice, we isolated primary myoblasts from Rbf/f adult muscle. To generate null mutations in Rb, we infected primary myoblasts isolated from Rbf/f mice with Cre-expressing adenovirus (Ad-Cre; Anton and Graham, 1995). Myoblasts were infected with Lac-Z–expressing adenovirus (Ad-L ...
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for
... positive signals that are essential for full activation of naïve T cells, and co-inhibitory receptors, which decrease the strength of T cell signaling (1). The co-inhibitory receptors serve as “checkpoints” against unrestrained T cell activation and play an important role in maintaining peripheral t ...
... positive signals that are essential for full activation of naïve T cells, and co-inhibitory receptors, which decrease the strength of T cell signaling (1). The co-inhibitory receptors serve as “checkpoints” against unrestrained T cell activation and play an important role in maintaining peripheral t ...
WOX11 and 12 Are Involved in the First-Step Cell
... (C) qRT-PCR analysis of WOX11 expression in the 1-DAC leaf explants on B5 media without IAA or with 2 mM IAA. The value of time-0 leaf explants was arbitrarily fixed at 1.0. Bars show SE with three technical repeats. **P < 0.01 in two-sample t test compared with time-0 leaf explants. (D) to (G) GUS s ...
... (C) qRT-PCR analysis of WOX11 expression in the 1-DAC leaf explants on B5 media without IAA or with 2 mM IAA. The value of time-0 leaf explants was arbitrarily fixed at 1.0. Bars show SE with three technical repeats. **P < 0.01 in two-sample t test compared with time-0 leaf explants. (D) to (G) GUS s ...
Branching morphogenesis of the Drosophila tracheal system. Annual Review of Cell Developmental Biology 19, 623-647. pdf
... the tips of growing primary branches, just before secondary branching initiates. Terminal markers begin to be expressed after secondary markers and in the subset of cells that sprout terminal branches. Fusion markers turn on about the same time as terminal markers, but in the complementary subset of ...
... the tips of growing primary branches, just before secondary branching initiates. Terminal markers begin to be expressed after secondary markers and in the subset of cells that sprout terminal branches. Fusion markers turn on about the same time as terminal markers, but in the complementary subset of ...
current models for the structure of biological membranes rev iew
... membrane proper. They constitute a major source of nonmembranous material complicating the analyses of isolated membranes . They are highly developed in the cell walls of bacteria and higher plants where they form a structural and functional complex with the cell membrane, but they do exist in most ...
... membrane proper. They constitute a major source of nonmembranous material complicating the analyses of isolated membranes . They are highly developed in the cell walls of bacteria and higher plants where they form a structural and functional complex with the cell membrane, but they do exist in most ...
Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance
... bilayer membrane and contains several types of hydrolases that are devoted to the degradation of specific substrates. The lysosomal membrane contains proteins that are involved in the transport of substances into and out of the lumen, acidification of the lysosomal lumen and fusion of the lysosome ...
... bilayer membrane and contains several types of hydrolases that are devoted to the degradation of specific substrates. The lysosomal membrane contains proteins that are involved in the transport of substances into and out of the lumen, acidification of the lysosomal lumen and fusion of the lysosome ...
Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction from Receptor Kinases to
... resembles weak bri1 mutants (52), and overexpression of a kinase-inactive bak1 mutant protein causes severe dwarf phenotypes similar to strong bri1 mutants, presumably due to a dominant negative effect (52). Recent genetic studies of loss-of-function mutations of BAK1/SERK3 and its homologs (SERK1 a ...
... resembles weak bri1 mutants (52), and overexpression of a kinase-inactive bak1 mutant protein causes severe dwarf phenotypes similar to strong bri1 mutants, presumably due to a dominant negative effect (52). Recent genetic studies of loss-of-function mutations of BAK1/SERK3 and its homologs (SERK1 a ...
Through form to function: root hair development and nutrient uptake
... dles are excluded from the vesicle-rich apex (apical clear zone)26. become clear only recently. Although evidence for the uptake of In non-growing root hairs, the actin bundles extend throughout the most major- and micronutrients by root hairs now exists (NH41 tip. This ordered actin array might be ...
... dles are excluded from the vesicle-rich apex (apical clear zone)26. become clear only recently. Although evidence for the uptake of In non-growing root hairs, the actin bundles extend throughout the most major- and micronutrients by root hairs now exists (NH41 tip. This ordered actin array might be ...
-ATPases:
... Plasma membrane H+-ATPases constitute a family of proton pumps driven by hydrolysis of ATP and are found exclusively in the plasma membrane of plants and fungi. Here their primary role is to provide an energy source for transport of nutrients into the cell. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase is an electr ...
... Plasma membrane H+-ATPases constitute a family of proton pumps driven by hydrolysis of ATP and are found exclusively in the plasma membrane of plants and fungi. Here their primary role is to provide an energy source for transport of nutrients into the cell. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase is an electr ...
The Role of Target of Rapamycin Signaling
... insulin, and growth factors to control proliferation and temporal cell growth by promoting anabolic processes (e.g. translation, transcription, and ribosome biogenesis) but negatively regulating autophagy (Fig. 1C). Although mTOR has been shown to enter the nucleus to directly regulate transcription ...
... insulin, and growth factors to control proliferation and temporal cell growth by promoting anabolic processes (e.g. translation, transcription, and ribosome biogenesis) but negatively regulating autophagy (Fig. 1C). Although mTOR has been shown to enter the nucleus to directly regulate transcription ...
Requirement of Heavy Neurofilament Subunit in the Development of
... in vivo, rodent NFs appear to be obligate heteropolymers since none of the rat or mouse NF subunits can form filaments when transfected individually into cells lacking an endogenous IF network (Ching and Liem, 1993; Lee et al., 1993). Similar conclusions have also been reached by expressing rat NFs ...
... in vivo, rodent NFs appear to be obligate heteropolymers since none of the rat or mouse NF subunits can form filaments when transfected individually into cells lacking an endogenous IF network (Ching and Liem, 1993; Lee et al., 1993). Similar conclusions have also been reached by expressing rat NFs ...
Cytokinesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unk.cilliate.jpg?width=300)
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.