Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex
... and, for this reason, cdk9 kinase activity does not change during the dierent phases of the cell cycle. Cdk9 is instead implicated in the regulation of transcriptional elongation via phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNApolII) and forms the positive transcr ...
... and, for this reason, cdk9 kinase activity does not change during the dierent phases of the cell cycle. Cdk9 is instead implicated in the regulation of transcriptional elongation via phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNApolII) and forms the positive transcr ...
235 actions of bicuculline on cell body and neuropilar membranes of
... neuronal nicotinic receptors on this cell differ from both peripheral and central vertebrate cholinergic receptors. For example, this insect nicotinic receptor is blocked by both abungarotoxin (Sattelle, 1985, 1986) and k-bungarotoxin (Chiappinelli et al. 1989; Pinnock et al. 1988), and is relativel ...
... neuronal nicotinic receptors on this cell differ from both peripheral and central vertebrate cholinergic receptors. For example, this insect nicotinic receptor is blocked by both abungarotoxin (Sattelle, 1985, 1986) and k-bungarotoxin (Chiappinelli et al. 1989; Pinnock et al. 1988), and is relativel ...
Ions and Pollen Tube Growth
... 1997; Feijó et al. 1999). Acidic conditions are necessary, with pH 7 being unable to support tube elongation (Holdaway-Clarke et al. 2003). Studies on the intracellular distribution of H+ reveal that pollen tubes possess a unique intracellular pH gradient (Feijó et al. 1999). However, because of the ...
... 1997; Feijó et al. 1999). Acidic conditions are necessary, with pH 7 being unable to support tube elongation (Holdaway-Clarke et al. 2003). Studies on the intracellular distribution of H+ reveal that pollen tubes possess a unique intracellular pH gradient (Feijó et al. 1999). However, because of the ...
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades
... genes that coordinate the response [1]. What is missing from our understanding of most plant signal transduction pathways, however, is the identity of the regulatory ...
... genes that coordinate the response [1]. What is missing from our understanding of most plant signal transduction pathways, however, is the identity of the regulatory ...
Molecular - College of Biological Sciences
... For the analysis of centrosomal accumulation of Mps1, we correlated the localization of GFP-Mps1 with the position of centrosomes as follows. HeLa cells were sequentially transfected with control or Cdk2-specific siRNAs followed by various GFP-Mps1 constructs, arrested in S phase with a 24-h HU trea ...
... For the analysis of centrosomal accumulation of Mps1, we correlated the localization of GFP-Mps1 with the position of centrosomes as follows. HeLa cells were sequentially transfected with control or Cdk2-specific siRNAs followed by various GFP-Mps1 constructs, arrested in S phase with a 24-h HU trea ...
Journal of Bacteriology 186:
... opaque phenotype. DPH lifetimes measured by single-photon correlation were practically identical for each opaque-transparent pair, suggesting that the different anisotropy values between the opaque and transparent variants result from changes in membrane viscosity. Membrane dynamic characteristics i ...
... opaque phenotype. DPH lifetimes measured by single-photon correlation were practically identical for each opaque-transparent pair, suggesting that the different anisotropy values between the opaque and transparent variants result from changes in membrane viscosity. Membrane dynamic characteristics i ...
The paradox of elongation factor 4: highly conserved, yet of no
... GDPNP [77,78]. Initially, binding of EF4•GTP stabilizes the ratcheted state of the ribosome, which is associated with the transfer of two tRNAs from the classical E/E, P/P state to the hybrid P/E, A/P state. The factor is then able to further draw tRNAs into a classical A/A or even further into an A ...
... GDPNP [77,78]. Initially, binding of EF4•GTP stabilizes the ratcheted state of the ribosome, which is associated with the transfer of two tRNAs from the classical E/E, P/P state to the hybrid P/E, A/P state. The factor is then able to further draw tRNAs into a classical A/A or even further into an A ...
Arabidopsis Formin3 Directs the Formation of Actin
... was proposed to act as a processive actin-promoting motor (Kovar and Pollard, 2004; Romero et al., 2004; Kovar et al., 2006). Formins are characterized by the presence of conserved formin homologous domains, FH1 and FH2, which are required and sufficient for actin nucleation. The FH1 domain contains ...
... was proposed to act as a processive actin-promoting motor (Kovar and Pollard, 2004; Romero et al., 2004; Kovar et al., 2006). Formins are characterized by the presence of conserved formin homologous domains, FH1 and FH2, which are required and sufficient for actin nucleation. The FH1 domain contains ...
BAFF, APRIL and their receptors: Structure, function - Serval
... At neutral or basic pH, 20 trimers of soluble recombinant human BAFF associate into a 60-mer virus-like structure, which irreversibly dissociates into trimers at acidic pH, or when fused to N-terminal extensions such as a myc tag [15,16] (Fig. 3C). This association is dependent on an extended loop, ...
... At neutral or basic pH, 20 trimers of soluble recombinant human BAFF associate into a 60-mer virus-like structure, which irreversibly dissociates into trimers at acidic pH, or when fused to N-terminal extensions such as a myc tag [15,16] (Fig. 3C). This association is dependent on an extended loop, ...
β-catenin: a key mediator of Wnt signaling Karl
... protein E-cadherin (E-cad) [23,26•]. Whether binding of the actin bundling protein Fascin [27] also occurs in this basic groove remains to be shown. Binding of one of these ...
... protein E-cadherin (E-cad) [23,26•]. Whether binding of the actin bundling protein Fascin [27] also occurs in this basic groove remains to be shown. Binding of one of these ...
Altered & Disordered Physiology - CH 056
... sources includes the destruction of red cell precursors in the marrow. RHY/CH0576 ...
... sources includes the destruction of red cell precursors in the marrow. RHY/CH0576 ...
Arrested Differentiation of Proplastids into Chloroplasts in
... Plant Cell Physiol. 50(12): 2069–2083 (2009) doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp127, available online at www.pcp.oxfordjournals.org © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. ...
... Plant Cell Physiol. 50(12): 2069–2083 (2009) doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp127, available online at www.pcp.oxfordjournals.org © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. ...
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... movements Michael T. Veeman, Yuki Nakatani*, Carolyn Hendrickson, Vivian Ericson, Clarissa Lin and William C. Smith† Although cell intercalation driven by non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway-dependent mediolateral cell polarity is important for notochord morphogenesis, it is likely ...
... movements Michael T. Veeman, Yuki Nakatani*, Carolyn Hendrickson, Vivian Ericson, Clarissa Lin and William C. Smith† Although cell intercalation driven by non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway-dependent mediolateral cell polarity is important for notochord morphogenesis, it is likely ...
Threshold Levels of Fluid Shear Promote Leukocyte
... cover slides cut from bacteriological petri dishes (model 1058; Falcon Plastics, Cockeysville, MD), which were then fitted onto a parallel plate flow chamber (Lawrence et al., 1994). The preparations were diluted with TSA (pH 8.0) as indicated and incubated on the coverslide for 2 h at room temperat ...
... cover slides cut from bacteriological petri dishes (model 1058; Falcon Plastics, Cockeysville, MD), which were then fitted onto a parallel plate flow chamber (Lawrence et al., 1994). The preparations were diluted with TSA (pH 8.0) as indicated and incubated on the coverslide for 2 h at room temperat ...
Adhesion and Adhesives of Fungi and Oomycetes
... plants are hydrophobic and relatively inert and aquatic fungi can adhere to rocks. Microscopy of fungi that are in the process of adhering also indicates that fungalsubstratum adhesion is mediated by a glue, i.e., a secreted macromolecule that extends from the fungus onto the adjacent surface and bi ...
... plants are hydrophobic and relatively inert and aquatic fungi can adhere to rocks. Microscopy of fungi that are in the process of adhering also indicates that fungalsubstratum adhesion is mediated by a glue, i.e., a secreted macromolecule that extends from the fungus onto the adjacent surface and bi ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... ER-to-Golgi protein transport may occur in plants. It was proposed that Golgi bodies move between fixed ERES in an actinmyosin–dependent fashion (stop-and-go model; Nebenführ et al., 1999). This model suggests that Golgi bodies become competent for cargo collection once they come to a halt on an ER ...
... ER-to-Golgi protein transport may occur in plants. It was proposed that Golgi bodies move between fixed ERES in an actinmyosin–dependent fashion (stop-and-go model; Nebenführ et al., 1999). This model suggests that Golgi bodies become competent for cargo collection once they come to a halt on an ER ...
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... that endows myoblasts with a competence to fuse. In particular, we show that the Duf/Rst and Sns/Hbs pairs are essential for establishing the initial contact between myoblasts and myotubes. During migration as a swarm, we find that the myoblasts are maintained in the semi-differentiated, proliferati ...
... that endows myoblasts with a competence to fuse. In particular, we show that the Duf/Rst and Sns/Hbs pairs are essential for establishing the initial contact between myoblasts and myotubes. During migration as a swarm, we find that the myoblasts are maintained in the semi-differentiated, proliferati ...
Bacteria and Archaea
... compartmentalization. The DNA of prokaryotes is concentrated in the nucleoid region and has little associated protein. Relative to eukaryotes, prokaryotes have simple, small genomes. In addition to their one major chromosome, prokaryotic cells may also possess smaller, circular, independent pieces o ...
... compartmentalization. The DNA of prokaryotes is concentrated in the nucleoid region and has little associated protein. Relative to eukaryotes, prokaryotes have simple, small genomes. In addition to their one major chromosome, prokaryotic cells may also possess smaller, circular, independent pieces o ...
Processing Synthesis of Cellulase from Ripening
... Assays. Cellulase activity was assayed viscometrically using carboxylmethylcellulose (Sigma) as substrate as described by Awad and Lewis (3) in the presence of 0.1% Triton X- 100. Phospholipids were assayed according to Stewart (33). Protein was assayed according to Markwell et al. (27). Enzyme link ...
... Assays. Cellulase activity was assayed viscometrically using carboxylmethylcellulose (Sigma) as substrate as described by Awad and Lewis (3) in the presence of 0.1% Triton X- 100. Phospholipids were assayed according to Stewart (33). Protein was assayed according to Markwell et al. (27). Enzyme link ...
High Speed, Low Power 8T Full Adder Cell with 45
... The full adders form the basic building blocks of all digital VLSI circuits. The considerable improvement have undergone at very high pace. The main motto behind such blinding pace are being motivated by three basic design goals, viz. minimizing the transistor count and the power consumption and inc ...
... The full adders form the basic building blocks of all digital VLSI circuits. The considerable improvement have undergone at very high pace. The main motto behind such blinding pace are being motivated by three basic design goals, viz. minimizing the transistor count and the power consumption and inc ...
Cytoskeleton and Root Hair Growth
... Root hairs are highly polarized outgrowths of a subset of root epidermis cells, the socalled trichoblasts. The biological function of root hairs is to increase the surface area of roots in order to facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients from soil. Root hairs are also the site of initial in ...
... Root hairs are highly polarized outgrowths of a subset of root epidermis cells, the socalled trichoblasts. The biological function of root hairs is to increase the surface area of roots in order to facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients from soil. Root hairs are also the site of initial in ...
Control of Male Gametophyte Development
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.016659. ...
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.016659. ...
Cell Growth and Size Control: controlling the cell cycle
... Because start is commitment step for the cell cycle, it is a point of intense regulation. Several factors determine whether cell progresses past start. The size and health of the cell often determine whether a cell enters the cell cycle because some cells need to achieve a certain size and a cell’s ...
... Because start is commitment step for the cell cycle, it is a point of intense regulation. Several factors determine whether cell progresses past start. The size and health of the cell often determine whether a cell enters the cell cycle because some cells need to achieve a certain size and a cell’s ...
Marginally hydrophobic transmembrane helices shaping membrane protein folding
... model assumes that membrane proteins are interacting with lipids mainly due to hydrophobic forces (31) . However, more recent results have added new layers of complexity to this model. Specialized membrane domains and extramembraneous structures can limit motion and lateral diffusion of membrane comp ...
... model assumes that membrane proteins are interacting with lipids mainly due to hydrophobic forces (31) . However, more recent results have added new layers of complexity to this model. Specialized membrane domains and extramembraneous structures can limit motion and lateral diffusion of membrane comp ...
histology of organogenic and embryogenic responses in cotyledons
... In a previous paper on cork oak recurrent somatic embryogenesis (Puigderrajols et al. 1996), we reported that on PGRfree medium, secondary embryos arose from a slight initial proliferation at the external layers of the root cap and developed mainly following a multicellular budding pattern. Under th ...
... In a previous paper on cork oak recurrent somatic embryogenesis (Puigderrajols et al. 1996), we reported that on PGRfree medium, secondary embryos arose from a slight initial proliferation at the external layers of the root cap and developed mainly following a multicellular budding pattern. Under th ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.