Micro 260 Fall 2009 Name: ___ Allan Keys ____ Tools: You may
... A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is bound to a protein and is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations. The function of co-enzymes act as partne ...
... A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is bound to a protein and is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations. The function of co-enzymes act as partne ...
ATP
... Harvesting Chemical Energy Energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy to fuel their bodies. Plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make thei ...
... Harvesting Chemical Energy Energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy to fuel their bodies. Plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make thei ...
Chapter 26
... transport chain is used to fuel proton pumps (some lost as heat) – enzyme complexes act as proton pumps • pump H+ from mitochondrial matrix into space between inner & outer mitochondrial membranes • creates steep electrochemical gradient for H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... transport chain is used to fuel proton pumps (some lost as heat) – enzyme complexes act as proton pumps • pump H+ from mitochondrial matrix into space between inner & outer mitochondrial membranes • creates steep electrochemical gradient for H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 – Travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen, which picks up H+ to form water • Energy released by the redox reactions ...
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 – Travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen, which picks up H+ to form water • Energy released by the redox reactions ...
fermentation
... • Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2. • As the electrons move through the electron transport chain, they lose energy. This energy is used to pump protons from the matrix into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. ...
... • Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2. • As the electrons move through the electron transport chain, they lose energy. This energy is used to pump protons from the matrix into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. ...
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 – Travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen, which picks up H+ to form water • Energy released by the redox reactions – Is used to pump H+ into the space between the mitochondrial membranes Copyrigh ...
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 – Travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen, which picks up H+ to form water • Energy released by the redox reactions – Is used to pump H+ into the space between the mitochondrial membranes Copyrigh ...
Chapter 26
... electron transport chain is used to fuel proton pumps (some lost as heat) – enzyme complexes act as proton pumps • pump H+ from mitochondrial matrix into space between inner & outer mitochondrial membranes • creates steep electrochemical gradient for H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... electron transport chain is used to fuel proton pumps (some lost as heat) – enzyme complexes act as proton pumps • pump H+ from mitochondrial matrix into space between inner & outer mitochondrial membranes • creates steep electrochemical gradient for H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Chapter 26
... electron transport chain is used to fuel proton pumps (some lost as heat) – enzyme complexes act as proton pumps • pump H+ from mitochondrial matrix into space between inner & outer mitochondrial membranes • creates steep electrochemical gradient for H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... electron transport chain is used to fuel proton pumps (some lost as heat) – enzyme complexes act as proton pumps • pump H+ from mitochondrial matrix into space between inner & outer mitochondrial membranes • creates steep electrochemical gradient for H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
A: Objective type questions: Choose the correct answers Most
... All are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT: a. assembly of complex molecules. b. formation of new covalent bonds. c. ATP provides energy. d. NADPH is an electron donor. e. all are true. Ans. E ...
... All are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT: a. assembly of complex molecules. b. formation of new covalent bonds. c. ATP provides energy. d. NADPH is an electron donor. e. all are true. Ans. E ...
FMM_Colin_Mitchell - Bioenergetic Failure
... However, the well-described observation that MODS is often associated with accelerated anaerobic metabolism despite a supranormal systemic oxygen delivery adds weight to the concept of an additional intrinsic derangement in cellular energy metabolism. This phenomenon has been termed cytopathic hypox ...
... However, the well-described observation that MODS is often associated with accelerated anaerobic metabolism despite a supranormal systemic oxygen delivery adds weight to the concept of an additional intrinsic derangement in cellular energy metabolism. This phenomenon has been termed cytopathic hypox ...
semester iii
... cyclic AMP and hormones in glycogen metabolism, Gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway (with structures of intermediates). ...
... cyclic AMP and hormones in glycogen metabolism, Gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway (with structures of intermediates). ...
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... Net Result of the Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • Net oxidation of two carbons to CO2 • Equivalent to two carbons of acetyl-CoA • but NOT the exact same carbons ...
... Net Result of the Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • Net oxidation of two carbons to CO2 • Equivalent to two carbons of acetyl-CoA • but NOT the exact same carbons ...
Cell - Notes Milenge
... the presence of oxygen. When oxygen is limited, the glycolytic products will be metabolized by anaerobic fermentation, a process that is independent of the mitochondria.[8] The production of ATP from glucose has an approximately 13-times higher yield during aerobic respiration compared to fermentati ...
... the presence of oxygen. When oxygen is limited, the glycolytic products will be metabolized by anaerobic fermentation, a process that is independent of the mitochondria.[8] The production of ATP from glucose has an approximately 13-times higher yield during aerobic respiration compared to fermentati ...
CHAPTERS 6 & 7
... – Energy is released in small amounts that can be captured by a biological system and stored in ATP ...
... – Energy is released in small amounts that can be captured by a biological system and stored in ATP ...
- thevignanam
... 4 – Carbon compound Succinate is oxidized to another 4-carbon compound fumarate with the help of enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and hydrogen acceptor FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide). The enzyme is attached to inner mitochondrial membrane. It contains non haem iron (Fe–S) protein. This enables the ...
... 4 – Carbon compound Succinate is oxidized to another 4-carbon compound fumarate with the help of enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and hydrogen acceptor FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide). The enzyme is attached to inner mitochondrial membrane. It contains non haem iron (Fe–S) protein. This enables the ...
Probing the conformational changes of the yeast mitochondrial ADP
... of the most important determinants of a successful PhD, and having an excellent supervisor helped make my time in the MBU worthwhile. Outside of lab, I would like to thank the Hillwalking Club for helping me to relax and for facilitating the formation of many lasting friendships. I would especially ...
... of the most important determinants of a successful PhD, and having an excellent supervisor helped make my time in the MBU worthwhile. Outside of lab, I would like to thank the Hillwalking Club for helping me to relax and for facilitating the formation of many lasting friendships. I would especially ...
Lecture 3
... NADH: Role during slow glycolysis • NADH (reduced form) must be “shuttled” into the mitochondria (electron transport chain) • NAD+ is recycled during the shuttling process • This provides enough NAD+ to maintain glycolysis at slower rates of energy turnover ...
... NADH: Role during slow glycolysis • NADH (reduced form) must be “shuttled” into the mitochondria (electron transport chain) • NAD+ is recycled during the shuttling process • This provides enough NAD+ to maintain glycolysis at slower rates of energy turnover ...
Part a
... Oxidative Phosphorylation • In the mitochondria • Carried out by electron transport proteins • Nutrient energy is used to create H+ gradient across mitochondrial membrane • H+ flows through ATP synthase • Energy is captured and attaches phosphate groups to ADP ...
... Oxidative Phosphorylation • In the mitochondria • Carried out by electron transport proteins • Nutrient energy is used to create H+ gradient across mitochondrial membrane • H+ flows through ATP synthase • Energy is captured and attaches phosphate groups to ADP ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.