Chapter 5- Metabolism of bacteria
... • Oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid • 2 ATP are invested to begin the biochemical pathway. • Four molecules of ATP are generated through substrate level phosphorylation. ...
... • Oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid • 2 ATP are invested to begin the biochemical pathway. • Four molecules of ATP are generated through substrate level phosphorylation. ...
AP Bio Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration 1. What is the term for
... 1. What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? a. anabolic pathways b. catabolic pathways c. fermentation pathways d. thermodynamic pathways e. bioenergetic pathways 2. The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a ...
... 1. What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? a. anabolic pathways b. catabolic pathways c. fermentation pathways d. thermodynamic pathways e. bioenergetic pathways 2. The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a ...
Generation of ATP during Cytochrome-linked
... Dual-wavelength experiments (Fig. 2 ) show that membrane suspensions from Propionibacterium jkwdenreichii reduced cytochrome b equally in the presence of D-lactate and L-lactate. After addition of lactate to membrane suspensions, oxidized with air, the aerobic steady state (45”/0reduction of cytochr ...
... Dual-wavelength experiments (Fig. 2 ) show that membrane suspensions from Propionibacterium jkwdenreichii reduced cytochrome b equally in the presence of D-lactate and L-lactate. After addition of lactate to membrane suspensions, oxidized with air, the aerobic steady state (45”/0reduction of cytochr ...
2.1 Chemistry’s Building Block: The Atom
... that they yield electrons that are carried to the ETC for the final high-yield stage of energy harvesting. ...
... that they yield electrons that are carried to the ETC for the final high-yield stage of energy harvesting. ...
the lecture in Powerpoint Format
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose mole ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose mole ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to O2. Oxygen picks up H+ to form water. Energy released by these redox reactions is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space ...
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to O2. Oxygen picks up H+ to form water. Energy released by these redox reactions is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
Photosynthesis- Photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR)
... pH stroma goes up from 7 Æ 8 Mg2+ increases in stroma NADPH allosteric activator Rubisco Activase catalyzes carbamate formation – CO2 required ...
... pH stroma goes up from 7 Æ 8 Mg2+ increases in stroma NADPH allosteric activator Rubisco Activase catalyzes carbamate formation – CO2 required ...
03-232 Biochemistry
... Fo which forms a transmembrane channel that allows the flow of protons (1pt) and F1, which has a γ subunit, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits. (1 pt) The follow of protons through Fo causes the channel to rotate, which results in the rotation of the γ-subunit (2pt) of the F1 complex by 120° for every 3 ...
... Fo which forms a transmembrane channel that allows the flow of protons (1pt) and F1, which has a γ subunit, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits. (1 pt) The follow of protons through Fo causes the channel to rotate, which results in the rotation of the γ-subunit (2pt) of the F1 complex by 120° for every 3 ...
ATP? - MCC Year 12 Biology
... folded to have an active site • The R groups of the amino acids in an enzyme line the ACTIVE SITE to form molecular interactions with the SUBSTRATE ...
... folded to have an active site • The R groups of the amino acids in an enzyme line the ACTIVE SITE to form molecular interactions with the SUBSTRATE ...
2 H + 1 / 2 O 2
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
Overview of Metabolism Chapter
... acids into the mitochondria, where they broken up into two-carbon fragments and attached to coenzyme A to form acetylCoA (Figure 10). Acetyl-CoA can then enter the Krebs cycle and undergo complete oxidation. Because the Krebs cycle is dependent on the ETC to oxidize NADH and FADH2, fats cannot be me ...
... acids into the mitochondria, where they broken up into two-carbon fragments and attached to coenzyme A to form acetylCoA (Figure 10). Acetyl-CoA can then enter the Krebs cycle and undergo complete oxidation. Because the Krebs cycle is dependent on the ETC to oxidize NADH and FADH2, fats cannot be me ...
Sugar
... • 10/4 = 2.5 for electrons entering as NADH • For electrons entering as succinate (FADH2), about 6 H+ pumped per electron pair to oxygen ...
... • 10/4 = 2.5 for electrons entering as NADH • For electrons entering as succinate (FADH2), about 6 H+ pumped per electron pair to oxygen ...
Energy Transformation — Cellular Respiration
... cyanide inhibit the normal activity of the cytochrome found in the ETC. Cyanide binds tightly to the iron in the last cytochrome, making it unable to transport electrons to oxygen. This cyanide also blocks the passage of electron through the ETC. As this happens the production of ATP stops - and dea ...
... cyanide inhibit the normal activity of the cytochrome found in the ETC. Cyanide binds tightly to the iron in the last cytochrome, making it unable to transport electrons to oxygen. This cyanide also blocks the passage of electron through the ETC. As this happens the production of ATP stops - and dea ...
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Topic 1: Introduction 1. Know the
... 2. Name and describe the four levels of protein structure, indicating the types of forces associated with each level of structure. 3. List the four fundamental bonding interactions found in all proteins. 4. Describe the difference between a structural domain and a subunit. 5. Explain specifically ho ...
... 2. Name and describe the four levels of protein structure, indicating the types of forces associated with each level of structure. 3. List the four fundamental bonding interactions found in all proteins. 4. Describe the difference between a structural domain and a subunit. 5. Explain specifically ho ...
key - Scioly.org
... glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate ...
... glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate ...
Lecture 9 – Cellular Respiration
... To create ATP! How is that done? Through a protein called ATP synthase ATP synthase translates the potential energy in the electrochemical gradient into the potential energy in the phosphate bonds of ATP The flow of H+ with its electrochemical gradient is an exergonic reaction ATP synthase couples a ...
... To create ATP! How is that done? Through a protein called ATP synthase ATP synthase translates the potential energy in the electrochemical gradient into the potential energy in the phosphate bonds of ATP The flow of H+ with its electrochemical gradient is an exergonic reaction ATP synthase couples a ...
2-Phospho
... • The energy stored in a H+ gradient across a membrane couples the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis • The H+ gradient is referred to as a protonmotive force, emphasizing its capacity to do work ...
... • The energy stored in a H+ gradient across a membrane couples the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis • The H+ gradient is referred to as a protonmotive force, emphasizing its capacity to do work ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Uses many Calvin Cycle enzymes Makes nucleotide & phenolic precursors Gets Calvin cycle started at dawn ...
... Uses many Calvin Cycle enzymes Makes nucleotide & phenolic precursors Gets Calvin cycle started at dawn ...
2-Phospho
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.