Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Uses many Calvin Cycle enzymes Makes nucleotide & phenolic precursors Gets Calvin cycle started at dawn ...
... Uses many Calvin Cycle enzymes Makes nucleotide & phenolic precursors Gets Calvin cycle started at dawn ...
Chapter 32 - How Animals Harvest Energy Stored in Nutrients
... Animals require a constant supply of energy to perform biological work. The energy-rich molecule ATP usually provides this energy. All animals can generate ATP by breaking down organic nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins). The energy released is used to join ADP and phosphate (Pi) to form A ...
... Animals require a constant supply of energy to perform biological work. The energy-rich molecule ATP usually provides this energy. All animals can generate ATP by breaking down organic nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins). The energy released is used to join ADP and phosphate (Pi) to form A ...
What do you know about Cellular Respiration?
... come directly from food, from glycolysis, or from the citric acid cycle ...
... come directly from food, from glycolysis, or from the citric acid cycle ...
Oxidative degradation of glucose File
... • The high-energy phosphate of phosphoenol pyruvate is transferred to ADP by the enzyme pyruvate kinase to generate, at this stage, two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized and enolpyruvate is formed. • Enolpyruvate formed is converted spontaneousny to the keto form pyruvate. This is an ...
... • The high-energy phosphate of phosphoenol pyruvate is transferred to ADP by the enzyme pyruvate kinase to generate, at this stage, two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized and enolpyruvate is formed. • Enolpyruvate formed is converted spontaneousny to the keto form pyruvate. This is an ...
Photosynthesis and Sucrose Production
... Starch and Sucrose Provide the Carbon Skeletons of All Plant Compounds During photosynthesis, starch is synthesized and stored in the chloroplast matrix and sucrose is synthesized in the leaf cytosol from which it diffuses to the rest of the plant. Starch resembles glycogen, but it has few or no a- ...
... Starch and Sucrose Provide the Carbon Skeletons of All Plant Compounds During photosynthesis, starch is synthesized and stored in the chloroplast matrix and sucrose is synthesized in the leaf cytosol from which it diffuses to the rest of the plant. Starch resembles glycogen, but it has few or no a- ...
2.2.5-H.2.2.10 Respiration - Intermediate School Biology
... the pyruvate molecule enters the mitochondrion and is broken down to one molecule of carbon dioxide and a two-carbon acetyl group, acetyl Co-enzyme A. ...
... the pyruvate molecule enters the mitochondrion and is broken down to one molecule of carbon dioxide and a two-carbon acetyl group, acetyl Co-enzyme A. ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... • NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to re ...
... • NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to re ...
![Lecture 6 (ADP/ATP carrier) []](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000909663_1-dac6ef69248cb11cfa508c989c7d6804-300x300.png)
Lecture 6 (ADP/ATP carrier) []
... integral membrane proteins called porins, which feature relatively large internal channels (about 2-3 nm) that are permeable to molecules of ~5,000 Da or less. In contrast, larger molecules, for example most proteins, can only traverse the outer membrane by active transport. ...
... integral membrane proteins called porins, which feature relatively large internal channels (about 2-3 nm) that are permeable to molecules of ~5,000 Da or less. In contrast, larger molecules, for example most proteins, can only traverse the outer membrane by active transport. ...
oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electron transport chain recombine ...
... 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electron transport chain recombine ...
Pyruvate Metabolism
... acids or carbohydrates. This means that the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is an important step, and must be tightly controlled. On the other hand, the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA ...
... acids or carbohydrates. This means that the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is an important step, and must be tightly controlled. On the other hand, the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA ...
Chapter 12: Bioenergetics
... common C2 and C4 molecules These C2/C4 molecules enter the center of the mitochondria where they are “processed” by the citric acid pathway The citric acid pathway gives H+ and e- which are used to generate NADH and FADH2 These are e-, H+, and energy carrier molecules These are used by proteins on t ...
... common C2 and C4 molecules These C2/C4 molecules enter the center of the mitochondria where they are “processed” by the citric acid pathway The citric acid pathway gives H+ and e- which are used to generate NADH and FADH2 These are e-, H+, and energy carrier molecules These are used by proteins on t ...
Integrative Assignment - California State University
... Jiang X, & Wang X. (2007). Cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 73, 87-106. ...
... Jiang X, & Wang X. (2007). Cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 73, 87-106. ...
Cellular Respiration
... •Krebs Cycle The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions that produce energy-storing molecules during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
... •Krebs Cycle The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions that produce energy-storing molecules during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
Respiration: ATP - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... product, in this case ATP. Note that this process occurs in both respiration and photosynthesis. ...
... product, in this case ATP. Note that this process occurs in both respiration and photosynthesis. ...
Basic Concepts of Cellular Metabolism and Bioenergetics
... These have been used to uncover metabolic details. The citric acid cycle was characterized using this approach. ...
... These have been used to uncover metabolic details. The citric acid cycle was characterized using this approach. ...
7 | cellular respiration
... upon the availability of the oxidized form of the electron carrier, NAD+. Thus, NADH must be continuously oxidized back into NAD+ in order to keep this step going. If NAD+ is not available, the second half of glycolysis slows down or stops. If oxygen is available in the system, the NADH will be oxid ...
... upon the availability of the oxidized form of the electron carrier, NAD+. Thus, NADH must be continuously oxidized back into NAD+ in order to keep this step going. If NAD+ is not available, the second half of glycolysis slows down or stops. If oxygen is available in the system, the NADH will be oxid ...
Krebs cycle
... • Electrons are transferred from succinate to FAD and then to ubiquinone (Q) in electron transport chain • Dehydrogenation is stereospecific; only the trans isomer is formed ...
... • Electrons are transferred from succinate to FAD and then to ubiquinone (Q) in electron transport chain • Dehydrogenation is stereospecific; only the trans isomer is formed ...
Scholarly Interest Report
... formulation of the proton-neutral theory for ammonia detoxication. This theory derives directly from the chemiosmotic theory for oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. According to the chemiosmotic theory, during electron transport, protons are pumped across either the mitochondrial inner mem ...
... formulation of the proton-neutral theory for ammonia detoxication. This theory derives directly from the chemiosmotic theory for oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. According to the chemiosmotic theory, during electron transport, protons are pumped across either the mitochondrial inner mem ...
Chapter 9
... Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic fl ...
... Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic fl ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.