Proton-motive force
... Phosphorylation? First Attempts • Extend ideas from metabolism: transfer the high free ...
... Phosphorylation? First Attempts • Extend ideas from metabolism: transfer the high free ...
Hardy-Weinberg Assignment
... through 8 oxidizing chemical reactions into different carbon-based molecules resulting in the transfer of hydrogen molecules to NAD+ and FAD NADH and FADH2 are oxidized and protons are pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane; these protons then flow through ATP synthase which converts ADP to ...
... through 8 oxidizing chemical reactions into different carbon-based molecules resulting in the transfer of hydrogen molecules to NAD+ and FAD NADH and FADH2 are oxidized and protons are pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane; these protons then flow through ATP synthase which converts ADP to ...
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Entry of Pyruvate into
... TPP, lipoamide and FAD are required. CO2 is removed, NADH is formed from NAD+ and a thioester bond is formed with CoASH to form succinylCoA. 5. Hydrolysis of the thioester of Succinyl CoA releases ~31 kJ/mol which is captured for the synthesis of GTP. The enzyme is succinyl CoA synthetase. 6. Succin ...
... TPP, lipoamide and FAD are required. CO2 is removed, NADH is formed from NAD+ and a thioester bond is formed with CoASH to form succinylCoA. 5. Hydrolysis of the thioester of Succinyl CoA releases ~31 kJ/mol which is captured for the synthesis of GTP. The enzyme is succinyl CoA synthetase. 6. Succin ...
Lecture 28 - Citrate Cycle
... • The primary function of the citrate cycle is to convert energy available from the oxidization acetyl-CoA into 3 moles of NADH, 1 mole of FADH2 and 1 mole of GTP during each turn of the cycle. • The citrate cycle is a "metabolic engine" in which all eight of the cycle intermediates are continually ...
... • The primary function of the citrate cycle is to convert energy available from the oxidization acetyl-CoA into 3 moles of NADH, 1 mole of FADH2 and 1 mole of GTP during each turn of the cycle. • The citrate cycle is a "metabolic engine" in which all eight of the cycle intermediates are continually ...
Kin 310 Exercise/Work Physiology
... final step in ETS low O2 - inhibits CO - build up NADH, FADH2 – key factor oxygen availability ...
... final step in ETS low O2 - inhibits CO - build up NADH, FADH2 – key factor oxygen availability ...
Fatty acid catabolism leture2-3
... This condition is called “acidosis” which can lead to com or death. High concentration of ketone bodies in blood and urine is referred as “ketosis”. Due to high concentration of acetoacetate, which is converted to acetone, the breath and urine of theuntreated diabetic ...
... This condition is called “acidosis” which can lead to com or death. High concentration of ketone bodies in blood and urine is referred as “ketosis”. Due to high concentration of acetoacetate, which is converted to acetone, the breath and urine of theuntreated diabetic ...
Document
... • are groups of proteins containing iron ions and sulfide. • accept electrons to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, and lose electrons to re-oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. ...
... • are groups of proteins containing iron ions and sulfide. • accept electrons to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, and lose electrons to re-oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. ...
From Functional Genomics to Physiological Model: the
... assign functions to gene products at different levels, depending on how much is known about a gene product ...
... assign functions to gene products at different levels, depending on how much is known about a gene product ...
First test material Study guide
... membranes;the glycocalyx is an important carbohydrate linked to proteins and lipids of the plasma membrane that protects the cell against digestion and restricts uptake of hydrophobic compounds Endocrine cell signaling: a- only affects receptors immediately across the cleft of the secreting neuron b ...
... membranes;the glycocalyx is an important carbohydrate linked to proteins and lipids of the plasma membrane that protects the cell against digestion and restricts uptake of hydrophobic compounds Endocrine cell signaling: a- only affects receptors immediately across the cleft of the secreting neuron b ...
Citric acid cycle
... • The chain is an energy converter that uses the exergonic flow of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • The proton-motive force drives H+ back across the membrane through the H+ channels provided by ATP ...
... • The chain is an energy converter that uses the exergonic flow of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • The proton-motive force drives H+ back across the membrane through the H+ channels provided by ATP ...
Problem Set #3 Key
... (8 Points) You administer 360.32 grams of oral glucose to a patient. Calculate the amount of ATP your patient can generate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with this glucose. Remember the different fates of pyruvate! glucose MW=180.16 g/mol (360.32g glucose)(mol/180.16g glucose) = 2.00 mol glu ...
... (8 Points) You administer 360.32 grams of oral glucose to a patient. Calculate the amount of ATP your patient can generate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with this glucose. Remember the different fates of pyruvate! glucose MW=180.16 g/mol (360.32g glucose)(mol/180.16g glucose) = 2.00 mol glu ...
Peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids
... For example for a 16 carbon fatty acid, Palmityl-CoA, it will take 7 cycle of b-oxidation to generate 8 acetyl-CoA. Thus there will be production of 7 FADH2, 7 NADH molecules during the b-oxidation cycles. ...
... For example for a 16 carbon fatty acid, Palmityl-CoA, it will take 7 cycle of b-oxidation to generate 8 acetyl-CoA. Thus there will be production of 7 FADH2, 7 NADH molecules during the b-oxidation cycles. ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... The first stage in breaking down a glucose molecule, called glycolysis (splitting sugar), takes place outside the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the cell. ...
... The first stage in breaking down a glucose molecule, called glycolysis (splitting sugar), takes place outside the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the cell. ...
1. Fatty acids are broken down by the ß
... NAD/NADH and ATP/ADP were normal. During treadmill testing serum lactate levels were unusually low and pyruvate levels were higher than normal. The most likely genetic deficiency in this individual was: ...
... NAD/NADH and ATP/ADP were normal. During treadmill testing serum lactate levels were unusually low and pyruvate levels were higher than normal. The most likely genetic deficiency in this individual was: ...
document
... – Cellular respiration yields CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... – Cellular respiration yields CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
ATP
... Harvesting Chemical Energy Energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy to fuel their bodies. Plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make thei ...
... Harvesting Chemical Energy Energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy to fuel their bodies. Plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make thei ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.