Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy
... NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ and O2 is reduced to H2O in a series of steps. Respiratory chain—series of redox carrier proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron transport—electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain. ...
... NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ and O2 is reduced to H2O in a series of steps. Respiratory chain—series of redox carrier proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron transport—electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain. ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ and O2 is reduced to H2O in a series of steps. Respiratory chain—series of redox carrier proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron transport—electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain. ...
... NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ and O2 is reduced to H2O in a series of steps. Respiratory chain—series of redox carrier proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron transport—electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain. ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... FADH2, which are necessary for the reduction of oxygen and ATP synthesis in the electron transport chain. – The citric acid cycle also functions as a source of intermediates for biosynthesis of other important molecules (e.g., some amino acids). • The reactions of the citric acid cycle occur within ...
... FADH2, which are necessary for the reduction of oxygen and ATP synthesis in the electron transport chain. – The citric acid cycle also functions as a source of intermediates for biosynthesis of other important molecules (e.g., some amino acids). • The reactions of the citric acid cycle occur within ...
Chapter 6 Cellular Energy
... NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ and O2 is reduced to H2O in a series of steps. Respiratory chain—series of redox carrier proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron transport—electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain. ...
... NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ and O2 is reduced to H2O in a series of steps. Respiratory chain—series of redox carrier proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron transport—electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain. ...
pharmaceutical biochemistry
... compounds (lactate, glucoplastic amino acids, glycerol and propionic acid). Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are not identical pathways running in opposite directions, although they do share reversible steps. However, three reactions of glycolysis are irreversible and cannot be used in gluconeogenesis ...
... compounds (lactate, glucoplastic amino acids, glycerol and propionic acid). Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are not identical pathways running in opposite directions, although they do share reversible steps. However, three reactions of glycolysis are irreversible and cannot be used in gluconeogenesis ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts ...
... • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts ...
Chem 465 Biochemistry II
... thiamine pyrophosphate, lippoate and FAD, ad well as the substrate CoenzymeA. In pyruvate dehydrogenase the E1 protein is actually the pyruvate dehydrogenase part of the complex. It uses TPP to cleave the terminal CO2 from pyruvate and transfers the remaining part of the pyruvate to E2 (Dihydrolipoy ...
... thiamine pyrophosphate, lippoate and FAD, ad well as the substrate CoenzymeA. In pyruvate dehydrogenase the E1 protein is actually the pyruvate dehydrogenase part of the complex. It uses TPP to cleave the terminal CO2 from pyruvate and transfers the remaining part of the pyruvate to E2 (Dihydrolipoy ...
Chapter 6 Slides
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose mole ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose mole ...
Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... – splits a compound by adding a phosphate (analagous to hydrolysis, but uses phosphate instead of water) ...
... – splits a compound by adding a phosphate (analagous to hydrolysis, but uses phosphate instead of water) ...
... Choice B: In anaerobic metabolism, lactate is generated from _____________________ in the muscles to regenerate ___________________ for use in _____________________ (name of a metabolic pathway). The lactate is usually converted to glucose in the __________________ (organ). Choice C: In the reaction ...
Chapter Nine - The Krebs Cycle
... • Displacement of thioester by inorganic phosphate • High energy phosphate is transferred to histidyl group • High energy phosphate is transferred from the histidyl group ...
... • Displacement of thioester by inorganic phosphate • High energy phosphate is transferred to histidyl group • High energy phosphate is transferred from the histidyl group ...
anaerobic and aerobic respiration
... Some prokaryotes are able to carry out anaerobic respiration, respiration in which an inorganic molecule other than oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor. For example, some bacteria called soleplate reducers can transfer electrons to soleplate (SO42-) reducing it to H2S. Other bacteria, called ...
... Some prokaryotes are able to carry out anaerobic respiration, respiration in which an inorganic molecule other than oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor. For example, some bacteria called soleplate reducers can transfer electrons to soleplate (SO42-) reducing it to H2S. Other bacteria, called ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... Products from One Turn of the Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • One acetyl enters in a form of Acetyl-CoA • Carbon is oxidized to CO2 • Electrons from oxidation are captured on 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 • Production of one GTP (ATP) • One molecule of ...
... Products from One Turn of the Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • One acetyl enters in a form of Acetyl-CoA • Carbon is oxidized to CO2 • Electrons from oxidation are captured on 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 • Production of one GTP (ATP) • One molecule of ...
Unit 3 (ch 6)
... – Cellular respiration yields CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... – Cellular respiration yields CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Chapter 6
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose mole ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose mole ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
Energy represents the capacity to do work. Cells must
... 2. How did plants acquire photosynthesis in evolution? Name three features of chloroplasts that are indicative of their origin. (It is referred to as endosymbiosis or the endosymbiotic theory) Click 3. Photosynthesis can be divided in two different processes. What are these processes? What are their ...
... 2. How did plants acquire photosynthesis in evolution? Name three features of chloroplasts that are indicative of their origin. (It is referred to as endosymbiosis or the endosymbiotic theory) Click 3. Photosynthesis can be divided in two different processes. What are these processes? What are their ...
SL respiration presentation
... Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose? A. Anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell B. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell C. Glycolysis in a human liver cell D. The formation of lactic acid in a human muscle cell ...
... Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose? A. Anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell B. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell C. Glycolysis in a human liver cell D. The formation of lactic acid in a human muscle cell ...
The Citric acid cycle (2)
... – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
... – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
6 Energy and Metabolism
... the mitochondria. Here, the NADH molecules from glycolysis and the TCA cycle are oxidized back to NAD so glycolysis can continue. It also generates 3 more ATP. When this system is performing in the presence of oxygen, oxygen is consumed and the waste product is water. When it is done anaerobically ( ...
... the mitochondria. Here, the NADH molecules from glycolysis and the TCA cycle are oxidized back to NAD so glycolysis can continue. It also generates 3 more ATP. When this system is performing in the presence of oxygen, oxygen is consumed and the waste product is water. When it is done anaerobically ( ...
introduction - WordPress.com
... the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is ...
... the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is ...
2 Lec 4 Muscle Metabolism V10
... • Citric acid cycle (cont.) • Transitional phase is where each pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in three steps • Each acetic acid is decarboxylated and ...
... • Citric acid cycle (cont.) • Transitional phase is where each pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in three steps • Each acetic acid is decarboxylated and ...
Metabolism: Citric acid cycle
... Companion. The numbering of the questions is the same, except for the first question, which has been moved to the third place. ...
... Companion. The numbering of the questions is the same, except for the first question, which has been moved to the third place. ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.