Chapter 9
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
Chapter 9
... Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic fl ...
... Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic fl ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 9 “Krebs Cycle”
... Not all organisms are able to use oxygen in metabolism. Even organisms such as ourselves that are highly evolved still have some means to extract energy, even if oxygen is in short supply. These processes which derive energy in the absence of oxygen are known as fermentation. We will look at two maj ...
... Not all organisms are able to use oxygen in metabolism. Even organisms such as ourselves that are highly evolved still have some means to extract energy, even if oxygen is in short supply. These processes which derive energy in the absence of oxygen are known as fermentation. We will look at two maj ...
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... Sucrose is a disaccharide made of a glucose bonded to a fructose. When a pure bacterial culture is incubated anaerobically in a validated (that is, base broth was run) PR sucrose, ...
... Sucrose is a disaccharide made of a glucose bonded to a fructose. When a pure bacterial culture is incubated anaerobically in a validated (that is, base broth was run) PR sucrose, ...
Cell Size and Shape
... These two stages are preceded by an intermediate step in which pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl-CoA ...
... These two stages are preceded by an intermediate step in which pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl-CoA ...
Cellular Respiration
... The Citric Acid Cycle Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. NADH NADH NADH and FADH2 ...
... The Citric Acid Cycle Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. NADH NADH NADH and FADH2 ...
Cellular Respiration
... • In some eukaryotic cells, NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis may only be worth 2 ATP – The e-s must be shuttled to the mitochondrion – In some shuttle systems, the e-s are passed to NAD+, in others the e-s are passed to FAD • Each FADH2 can be used to generate about 2 ATP ...
... • In some eukaryotic cells, NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis may only be worth 2 ATP – The e-s must be shuttled to the mitochondrion – In some shuttle systems, the e-s are passed to NAD+, in others the e-s are passed to FAD • Each FADH2 can be used to generate about 2 ATP ...
Key Terms PDF - QuizOver.com
... series of metabolic reactions that breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces ATP ...
... series of metabolic reactions that breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces ATP ...
Cellular Respiration
... • In some eukaryotic cells, NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis may only be worth 2 ATP – The e-s must be shuttled to the mitochondrion – In some shuttle systems, the e-s are passed to NAD+, in others the e-s are passed to FAD • Each FADH2 can be used to generate about 2 ATP ...
... • In some eukaryotic cells, NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis may only be worth 2 ATP – The e-s must be shuttled to the mitochondrion – In some shuttle systems, the e-s are passed to NAD+, in others the e-s are passed to FAD • Each FADH2 can be used to generate about 2 ATP ...
Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy
... ATP is needed for carbon-fixation pathways. The noncyclic light reactions would not provide enough ATP. Cyclic electron transport uses only photosystem I and produces only ATP. An electron is passed from an excited chlorophyll, through the electron transport chain, and recycles back to the same ...
... ATP is needed for carbon-fixation pathways. The noncyclic light reactions would not provide enough ATP. Cyclic electron transport uses only photosystem I and produces only ATP. An electron is passed from an excited chlorophyll, through the electron transport chain, and recycles back to the same ...
lecture notes-metabolism pathways-complete notes
... α–ketoglutarate are used as precursors for the synthesis of certain amino acids. • The reducing power (NADH + H+ and FADH2) is used for biosynthesis pathway or for ATP generation through the electron transport chain. ...
... α–ketoglutarate are used as precursors for the synthesis of certain amino acids. • The reducing power (NADH + H+ and FADH2) is used for biosynthesis pathway or for ATP generation through the electron transport chain. ...
electron transport chain
... • They can use this proton-motive force not only to generate ATP but also to pump nutrients and waste products across the membrane and to rotate their flagella. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • They can use this proton-motive force not only to generate ATP but also to pump nutrients and waste products across the membrane and to rotate their flagella. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
unit 1: introduction to biology
... which prevents free diffusion of these solutes cross this barrier; they can only pass the membrane through selective membrane openings (= pores) cells tap the potential energy conserved in a proton (= H+) gradient to synthesize ATP with the help of a highly specialized enzyme system, called ATP-sy ...
... which prevents free diffusion of these solutes cross this barrier; they can only pass the membrane through selective membrane openings (= pores) cells tap the potential energy conserved in a proton (= H+) gradient to synthesize ATP with the help of a highly specialized enzyme system, called ATP-sy ...
Jeopardy 2
... Cellular respiration begins with a process called ______________ A: What is glycolysis? ...
... Cellular respiration begins with a process called ______________ A: What is glycolysis? ...
Effects of Aging on Activities of Mitochondrial Electron Transport
... Age-related changes in activities of electron transport chain complexes To evaluate the effect of aging on mitochondrial function we measured enzyme activities of complexes I-IV in cardiac mitochondria isolated from adult (6-month old), old (15-month old) and senescent (26-month old) rats (Fig. 1). ...
... Age-related changes in activities of electron transport chain complexes To evaluate the effect of aging on mitochondrial function we measured enzyme activities of complexes I-IV in cardiac mitochondria isolated from adult (6-month old), old (15-month old) and senescent (26-month old) rats (Fig. 1). ...
Respiration - Biology Junction
... that uses energy stored in the form of an H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work. • In the mitochondrion, chemiosmosis generates ATP. • Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts also generates ATP, but light drives the electron flow down an electron transport chain and H+ gradient formation. • Prok ...
... that uses energy stored in the form of an H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work. • In the mitochondrion, chemiosmosis generates ATP. • Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts also generates ATP, but light drives the electron flow down an electron transport chain and H+ gradient formation. • Prok ...
Dr. V. Main Powerpoint
... The Pathway of Electron Transport • The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion • Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which exist in multiprotein complexes • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in f ...
... The Pathway of Electron Transport • The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion • Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which exist in multiprotein complexes • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in f ...
What is respiration?
... During glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. These reactions are catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes. Although enzymes catalyse a wide variety of metabolic reactions, they are not very good at catalysing oxidation o ...
... During glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. These reactions are catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes. Although enzymes catalyse a wide variety of metabolic reactions, they are not very good at catalysing oxidation o ...
Student Book (Unit 1 Module 4) - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... During glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. These reactions are catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes. Although enzymes catalyse a wide variety of metabolic reactions, they are not very good at catalysing oxidation o ...
... During glycolysis, the link reaction and Krebs cycle, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. These reactions are catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes. Although enzymes catalyse a wide variety of metabolic reactions, they are not very good at catalysing oxidation o ...
Document
... • Cellular Respiration – Electron transport – Most significant ATP production occurs from electron transport chain (ETC) – Carrier molecules pass electrons from one to another to final electron acceptor – Energy from electrons used to pump protons (H+) across the membrane, establishing a proton grad ...
... • Cellular Respiration – Electron transport – Most significant ATP production occurs from electron transport chain (ETC) – Carrier molecules pass electrons from one to another to final electron acceptor – Energy from electrons used to pump protons (H+) across the membrane, establishing a proton grad ...
13-Krebs cycle
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in ...
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.