Cellular Respiration
... B. NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid C. NADH oxidizes glucose to lactic acid D. NAD+ reduces pyruvate to ethanol E. NADH reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol 8- The step in cellular respiration in which most of covalent bonds from the the glucose molecule are oxidized: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. ...
... B. NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid C. NADH oxidizes glucose to lactic acid D. NAD+ reduces pyruvate to ethanol E. NADH reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol 8- The step in cellular respiration in which most of covalent bonds from the the glucose molecule are oxidized: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. ...
Fatty Acid oxidation
... Slightly more complicated Requires additional enzymes Oxidation of unsaturated FAs produce less energy than that of saturated FAs (because they are less highly reduced, therefore, fewer reducing equivalents can be produced from these structures) ...
... Slightly more complicated Requires additional enzymes Oxidation of unsaturated FAs produce less energy than that of saturated FAs (because they are less highly reduced, therefore, fewer reducing equivalents can be produced from these structures) ...
Lab 7 PPT - Dr Magrann
... nitrate. They can only use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (cellular respiration). • Muscle cells use a lot of energy, so they are able to run out of oxygen yet still carry out cellular respiration by using fermentation to take the H+ burden off the NAD brothers ...
... nitrate. They can only use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (cellular respiration). • Muscle cells use a lot of energy, so they are able to run out of oxygen yet still carry out cellular respiration by using fermentation to take the H+ burden off the NAD brothers ...
video slide - Northwest Florida State College
... another, energy is released and used to make ATP b) ETC located in the inner membrane of eukaryotes 1) Plasma membrane in prokaryotes c) Oxygen is the final acceptor of e in ETC (making H2O) Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... another, energy is released and used to make ATP b) ETC located in the inner membrane of eukaryotes 1) Plasma membrane in prokaryotes c) Oxygen is the final acceptor of e in ETC (making H2O) Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
... Diffusion, Osmosis and electrochemical gradient OSMOSIS: It is a phenomenon in which there is a flow of solvent (usually water) between two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane; the phenomenon is generally due to concentration differences, and in that case the solvent flows from the less ...
... Diffusion, Osmosis and electrochemical gradient OSMOSIS: It is a phenomenon in which there is a flow of solvent (usually water) between two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane; the phenomenon is generally due to concentration differences, and in that case the solvent flows from the less ...
Islamic University of Gaza Advanced Biochemistry Faculty of
... is formed (1 point) and the four metabolic fates of pyruvate (2 points). Include enzymes responsible for these reactions, required cofactors, and additional products formed for each of these reactions (2 points). (total points: 5) Answer: ...
... is formed (1 point) and the four metabolic fates of pyruvate (2 points). Include enzymes responsible for these reactions, required cofactors, and additional products formed for each of these reactions (2 points). (total points: 5) Answer: ...
0-bacterial-physiology&growth
... - 2 molecules of pyruvic acid - 2 ATP molecules. 2-The Krebs cycle • The substrate are the 2 molecules of pyruvic acid • Generating 2 ATP molecules. 3- Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport chain) • It result in the formation of 34 ATP molecules. •The final electron acceptor is molecular O2 ...
... - 2 molecules of pyruvic acid - 2 ATP molecules. 2-The Krebs cycle • The substrate are the 2 molecules of pyruvic acid • Generating 2 ATP molecules. 3- Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport chain) • It result in the formation of 34 ATP molecules. •The final electron acceptor is molecular O2 ...
AP Biology Chapter 9.2016
... • Coupled process – to ATP Synthesis • ETC and pumping of protons (H+) creates an H+ gradient across the membrane ...
... • Coupled process – to ATP Synthesis • ETC and pumping of protons (H+) creates an H+ gradient across the membrane ...
Chapter 4 - Brock University
... will be unable to match the rate of ATP depletion and [ATP] in the cytosol will fall. ATP-dependent processes (maintenance of ion gradients, muscular contraction, transcription and translation) will cease (see below). However, too much oxygen is actually a substantial problem as well. Just as metal ...
... will be unable to match the rate of ATP depletion and [ATP] in the cytosol will fall. ATP-dependent processes (maintenance of ion gradients, muscular contraction, transcription and translation) will cease (see below). However, too much oxygen is actually a substantial problem as well. Just as metal ...
Medical Biochemistry Review #2 By
... oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate while oxidizing NADH to NAD+. – Malate then enters the mitochondria where the reverse reaction is carried out by mitochondrial MDH – mitochondrial OAA goes to the cytoplasm to maintain this cycle ; must be transaminated to aspartate (Asp) with the amino group being donat ...
... oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate while oxidizing NADH to NAD+. – Malate then enters the mitochondria where the reverse reaction is carried out by mitochondrial MDH – mitochondrial OAA goes to the cytoplasm to maintain this cycle ; must be transaminated to aspartate (Asp) with the amino group being donat ...
(ATP). - WordPress.com
... Basic Need for Energy Energy in Food: Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular Respir ...
... Basic Need for Energy Energy in Food: Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular Respir ...
how cells obtain energy from food
... 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) forms a short-lived covalent bond to the aldehyde through a reactive –SH group on the enzyme, and catalyzes its oxidation by NAD+ in this attached state. The reactive enzyme–substrate bond is then displaced by an inorganic phosphate ion to produce a high-energy phosphate i ...
... 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) forms a short-lived covalent bond to the aldehyde through a reactive –SH group on the enzyme, and catalyzes its oxidation by NAD+ in this attached state. The reactive enzyme–substrate bond is then displaced by an inorganic phosphate ion to produce a high-energy phosphate i ...
Chapter 6
... – The citric acid cycle: • Extracts the energy of sugar by breaking the acetic acid molecules all the way down to CO2 • Uses some of this energy to make ATP • Forms NADH and FADH2 Laua Coronado ...
... – The citric acid cycle: • Extracts the energy of sugar by breaking the acetic acid molecules all the way down to CO2 • Uses some of this energy to make ATP • Forms NADH and FADH2 Laua Coronado ...
Chapter 11
... Respiration can be considered a series of “baby steps” that begins with a sugar and progressively releases small amounts of energy (transferred to ATP) along the way as the sugar is broken down (oxidized) and CO2 is released. If all the energy of glucose, for example, was released at once, it would ...
... Respiration can be considered a series of “baby steps” that begins with a sugar and progressively releases small amounts of energy (transferred to ATP) along the way as the sugar is broken down (oxidized) and CO2 is released. If all the energy of glucose, for example, was released at once, it would ...
Allied Biochemistry II - E
... (a) increasing redox potential (b) decreasing redox potential (c) independent of redox potential (d) none of the above 5. The common metabolite of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism (a) acetyl CoA (b) pyruvate (c) fumarate (d) malate 6. Number of ATPs produced when a substrate is oxidized vi ...
... (a) increasing redox potential (b) decreasing redox potential (c) independent of redox potential (d) none of the above 5. The common metabolite of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism (a) acetyl CoA (b) pyruvate (c) fumarate (d) malate 6. Number of ATPs produced when a substrate is oxidized vi ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... • The Citric Acid Cycle allows organisms to extract electrons from pyruvate and other Acetyl-CoA precursors for transport to the mitochondria electron transport chain. • One NADH is made converting pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA. • Three NADH, one FADH2 & 1 GTP/ATP is made in the citric acid cycle. • The ci ...
... • The Citric Acid Cycle allows organisms to extract electrons from pyruvate and other Acetyl-CoA precursors for transport to the mitochondria electron transport chain. • One NADH is made converting pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA. • Three NADH, one FADH2 & 1 GTP/ATP is made in the citric acid cycle. • The ci ...
Slide 1
... to create a proton gradient across the membrane of the mitochondria – this potential energy provides the energy to convert ADP to ATP. 90% of ATP synthesis happens during electron transport. The “mobile” part of the ETS is a lipid-soluble compound called Coenzyme Q10 ...
... to create a proton gradient across the membrane of the mitochondria – this potential energy provides the energy to convert ADP to ATP. 90% of ATP synthesis happens during electron transport. The “mobile” part of the ETS is a lipid-soluble compound called Coenzyme Q10 ...
1 - TechnionMed
... 18) What is the net yield of NADH when glucose 6-phosphate is converted to lactate by anaerobic glycosis? a. b. c. d. e. ...
... 18) What is the net yield of NADH when glucose 6-phosphate is converted to lactate by anaerobic glycosis? a. b. c. d. e. ...
Lecture 21
... 2. Convert the phosphorylated intermediates into high energy phosphate compounds. 3. Couple the transfer of the phosphate to ADP to form ATP. Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glycer ...
... 2. Convert the phosphorylated intermediates into high energy phosphate compounds. 3. Couple the transfer of the phosphate to ADP to form ATP. Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glycer ...
2.277 December 2005 Final Exam
... Identify the correct statement: A) Aquaporins use the energy of ATP to transport 2 Na+ into a cell and 3 K+ out of a cell. B) The fluid mosaic model of a membrane assumes that lipids travel rapidly around the bilayer but proteins are fixed and unable to move. C) Glucose permease is a 12 α-helical pr ...
... Identify the correct statement: A) Aquaporins use the energy of ATP to transport 2 Na+ into a cell and 3 K+ out of a cell. B) The fluid mosaic model of a membrane assumes that lipids travel rapidly around the bilayer but proteins are fixed and unable to move. C) Glucose permease is a 12 α-helical pr ...
32. Nutrient assimilation.pptx
... Nutrient assimilation - Unity of Life Definition - the uptake of non-gaseous molecules from the environment into the cell Common features with gas exchange 1) Transmembrane process dependent on surface area 2) Passive diffusion down chemical (concentration) gradients for a few molecules (such as w ...
... Nutrient assimilation - Unity of Life Definition - the uptake of non-gaseous molecules from the environment into the cell Common features with gas exchange 1) Transmembrane process dependent on surface area 2) Passive diffusion down chemical (concentration) gradients for a few molecules (such as w ...
Lab 6 - CELLULAR RESPIRATION: THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... of mitochondria in the second pellet; however this will not be monitored. The class or the lab assistants will prepare a crude plant homogenate. Each group will receive a portion of this homogenate for use in preparing a mitochondrial fraction by differential centrifugation. Each group will then use ...
... of mitochondria in the second pellet; however this will not be monitored. The class or the lab assistants will prepare a crude plant homogenate. Each group will receive a portion of this homogenate for use in preparing a mitochondrial fraction by differential centrifugation. Each group will then use ...
book ppt
... NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ and O2 is reduced to H2O in a series of steps. Respiratory chain—series of redox carrier proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron transport—electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain. ...
... NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ and O2 is reduced to H2O in a series of steps. Respiratory chain—series of redox carrier proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron transport—electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 pass from one carrier to the next in the chain. ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.