1 Pyruvate and acetate metabolism (The citric acid cycle) I. Pyruvate
... pyrophosphate (TPP), the structure of which is shown in V&V p. 466 Fig. 16-27. The thiazolium ring in the center of the molecule directly interacts with pyruvate through its unusually acidic C (between S and N) which loses its H and becomes a good nucleophile to attack C2 of pyruvate. (For compariso ...
... pyrophosphate (TPP), the structure of which is shown in V&V p. 466 Fig. 16-27. The thiazolium ring in the center of the molecule directly interacts with pyruvate through its unusually acidic C (between S and N) which loses its H and becomes a good nucleophile to attack C2 of pyruvate. (For compariso ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... on the other hand, is expressed in tissues that are active when blood glucose levels are high, such as the liver. Hexokinase has a higher a nity for glucose than glucokinase and therefore is able to convert glucose at a faster rate than glucokinase. This is important when levels of glucose are very ...
... on the other hand, is expressed in tissues that are active when blood glucose levels are high, such as the liver. Hexokinase has a higher a nity for glucose than glucokinase and therefore is able to convert glucose at a faster rate than glucokinase. This is important when levels of glucose are very ...
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... – Cellular respiration yields CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... – Cellular respiration yields CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
video slide
... • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A small amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A small amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Slide 1
... 6.5 Cells tap energy from electrons “falling” from organic fuels to oxygen • The energy available to a cell is contained in the arrangement of electrons in chemical bonds • Electrons lose potential energy when they “fall” from organic compounds to oxygen during cellular respiration • Each step of ...
... 6.5 Cells tap energy from electrons “falling” from organic fuels to oxygen • The energy available to a cell is contained in the arrangement of electrons in chemical bonds • Electrons lose potential energy when they “fall” from organic compounds to oxygen during cellular respiration • Each step of ...
Slide 1
... evolved early in the history of life on Earth Glycolysis is the universal energy-harvesting process of life. The role of glycolysis in fermentation and respiration dates back to – life long before oxygen was present, – when only prokaryotes inhabited the Earth, ...
... evolved early in the history of life on Earth Glycolysis is the universal energy-harvesting process of life. The role of glycolysis in fermentation and respiration dates back to – life long before oxygen was present, – when only prokaryotes inhabited the Earth, ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... 1. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway for the breakdown (catabolism) of glucose and related sugars. The pathway requires two ATPs to start the process and generates 4 ATPS (for a net of two ATPs) per glucose. Also generated during glycolysis are two NADH and two molecules of pyruvate. 2. The two NADH ...
... 1. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway for the breakdown (catabolism) of glucose and related sugars. The pathway requires two ATPs to start the process and generates 4 ATPS (for a net of two ATPs) per glucose. Also generated during glycolysis are two NADH and two molecules of pyruvate. 2. The two NADH ...
Semester 2
... Enzyme that spins as H+ ions pass through and produces ATP A: What is ATP synthase ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
... Enzyme that spins as H+ ions pass through and produces ATP A: What is ATP synthase ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
respiration jeopardy game!
... Enzyme that spins as H+ ions pass through and produces ATP A: What is ATP synthase ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
... Enzyme that spins as H+ ions pass through and produces ATP A: What is ATP synthase ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
Chapter 6 notes
... • The NADH produced in glycolysis passes its electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to either NAD+ or FAD. Because FADH2 adds its electrons farther along the electron transport chain, it contributes less to the H+ gradient and thus generates less ATP. • Some of the energy of the H+ gradient may ...
... • The NADH produced in glycolysis passes its electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to either NAD+ or FAD. Because FADH2 adds its electrons farther along the electron transport chain, it contributes less to the H+ gradient and thus generates less ATP. • Some of the energy of the H+ gradient may ...
C - 鄭智美的Homepage
... NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Anaerobic and Aerobic Glycolysis
... of glycolysis is routed to produce lactate. It occurs at times when energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. ...
... of glycolysis is routed to produce lactate. It occurs at times when energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. ...
11A
... ____During glycolysis, glucose is a) produced from two molecules of pyruvic acid b) converted into two molecules of ATP c) partially broken down and some of its stored energy is released d) partially broken down and its stored energy is increased ____The electron transport chain of aerobic respirat ...
... ____During glycolysis, glucose is a) produced from two molecules of pyruvic acid b) converted into two molecules of ATP c) partially broken down and some of its stored energy is released d) partially broken down and its stored energy is increased ____The electron transport chain of aerobic respirat ...
metabolism - Websupport1
... electron is passed from one cytochrome to the next down the ETS, enough energy is released to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Electron passed down the ETS from one NADH pumps 6 hydrogen, and electron from one FADH2 pumps 4 hydrogen. Concen ...
... electron is passed from one cytochrome to the next down the ETS, enough energy is released to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Electron passed down the ETS from one NADH pumps 6 hydrogen, and electron from one FADH2 pumps 4 hydrogen. Concen ...
ATP
... Only about 1/10th of one percent of the human genome differs from person to person Inborn Errors of Metabolism • Occurs from inheriting a mutation that ...
... Only about 1/10th of one percent of the human genome differs from person to person Inborn Errors of Metabolism • Occurs from inheriting a mutation that ...
Chapter 9 - John A. Ferguson Senior High School
... • About 10% of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation Enzyme ...
... • About 10% of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation Enzyme ...
Photosynthesis Sep 16
... Photosynthesis can be thought of as the opposite of respiration 6CO2(g)+ 6H2O(l) + energy C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) ...
... Photosynthesis can be thought of as the opposite of respiration 6CO2(g)+ 6H2O(l) + energy C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) ...
Metabolism
... adenine dinucleotide) is a vital component of many dehydrogenation reactions within the body. It can be described as a coenzyme as it has no catalytic activity of its own and functions only after binding to a enzyme. NAD+ catalyses the dehydrogenation of substrates by readily accepting a hydrogen ...
... adenine dinucleotide) is a vital component of many dehydrogenation reactions within the body. It can be described as a coenzyme as it has no catalytic activity of its own and functions only after binding to a enzyme. NAD+ catalyses the dehydrogenation of substrates by readily accepting a hydrogen ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 5 Transport, Carbohydrates, Metabolism
... (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a six carbon sugar is split into two three carbon sugars by the enzyme ____________________. (b) Enzymes that generate reduced electron carriers (ie. NADH) are called ____________________. (c) Each molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate generates ________ ATP and _____ ...
... (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a six carbon sugar is split into two three carbon sugars by the enzyme ____________________. (b) Enzymes that generate reduced electron carriers (ie. NADH) are called ____________________. (c) Each molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate generates ________ ATP and _____ ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.