Ch 4 Jeopardy
... • Zero, (fermentation recycles the NAD+ molecule to allow glycolysis to continue) ...
... • Zero, (fermentation recycles the NAD+ molecule to allow glycolysis to continue) ...
the Citric Acid cycle
... conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. Two carbons enter, two carbons leave. This has huge repercussions: o Any removal of material from the cycle to form other molecules depletes the cycle. The cycle can then no longer operate at optimal rates (because Acetyl CoA can only enter the cycle by conden ...
... conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. Two carbons enter, two carbons leave. This has huge repercussions: o Any removal of material from the cycle to form other molecules depletes the cycle. The cycle can then no longer operate at optimal rates (because Acetyl CoA can only enter the cycle by conden ...
Chapter 9
... D) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase E) No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. ...
... D) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase E) No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. ...
ATP - HEDCen Science
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathedral High School
... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
03_Membrane rest potential. Generation and radiation action
... can translocate either in the complexed or uncomplexed state. The direction of net flux depends on the electrochemical K+ gradient. ...
... can translocate either in the complexed or uncomplexed state. The direction of net flux depends on the electrochemical K+ gradient. ...
File
... – Hydrogen is removed from each triose phosphate by NAD 2 reduced NAD molecules – Reduced NAD travels to mitochondria to be used in oxidative phosphorylation ...
... – Hydrogen is removed from each triose phosphate by NAD 2 reduced NAD molecules – Reduced NAD travels to mitochondria to be used in oxidative phosphorylation ...
Chapter 6 Notes
... dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). – CO2 is obtained from the air by a plant’s leaves. – H2O is obtained from the damp soil by a plant’s ...
... dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). – CO2 is obtained from the air by a plant’s leaves. – H2O is obtained from the damp soil by a plant’s ...
CHAPTER 8 PERIODIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE ELEMENTS
... (1s ) remain constant while the nuclear charge increases. The electrons that are added across the row are valence electrons which do not shield each other well. Therefore, moving across a period of the table, the valence electrons experience a greater effective nuclear charge. Of the elements in a g ...
... (1s ) remain constant while the nuclear charge increases. The electrons that are added across the row are valence electrons which do not shield each other well. Therefore, moving across a period of the table, the valence electrons experience a greater effective nuclear charge. Of the elements in a g ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy In eukaryotes, cellular respiration
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation – involves electron transport and chemiosmosis and – requires an adequate supply of oxygen. ...
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation – involves electron transport and chemiosmosis and – requires an adequate supply of oxygen. ...
Slide 1
... formed from succinyl-CoA via succinyl CoA synthase (5). Complex II of the respiratory chain/succinate dehydrogenase (6) oxidizes succinate to fumarate, which is converted into malate via fumarase (7). Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate via malate dehydrogenase (8) or it can be converted to pyruvate ...
... formed from succinyl-CoA via succinyl CoA synthase (5). Complex II of the respiratory chain/succinate dehydrogenase (6) oxidizes succinate to fumarate, which is converted into malate via fumarase (7). Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate via malate dehydrogenase (8) or it can be converted to pyruvate ...
Document
... • NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • O2 pulls electrons down the chain in an energyyielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to regener ...
... • NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • O2 pulls electrons down the chain in an energyyielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to regener ...
Ch_9 - Bartlett High School
... How is the ATP made? How do electrons get from glucose to O2? How does pyruvate get into the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle? What happens during the Citric Acid Cycle? How many ATP so far? How many electron carriers so far? What happens during electron transport? Why do electrons NEED to “break th ...
... How is the ATP made? How do electrons get from glucose to O2? How does pyruvate get into the mitochondria for the Krebs Cycle? What happens during the Citric Acid Cycle? How many ATP so far? How many electron carriers so far? What happens during electron transport? Why do electrons NEED to “break th ...
Acyl-CoA synthetases : Fatty acid +CoA + ATP → fatty acyl
... triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue ...
... triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue ...
3. Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration
... ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose yiel ...
... ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose yiel ...
Mitochondria and energy production
... Oxygen is an atypical molecule (Fig. 1). Although it is a diradical, its two unpaired electrons are located on different orbitals and have a parallel spin, making oxygen a relatively stable molecule [2]. Yet, oxygen is avid for electrons. Its incomplete reduction by one, two or three successive elec ...
... Oxygen is an atypical molecule (Fig. 1). Although it is a diradical, its two unpaired electrons are located on different orbitals and have a parallel spin, making oxygen a relatively stable molecule [2]. Yet, oxygen is avid for electrons. Its incomplete reduction by one, two or three successive elec ...
video slide
... The Pathway of Electron Transport The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion Most of the chain’s components are proteins The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and ...
... The Pathway of Electron Transport The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion Most of the chain’s components are proteins The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and ...
Chapter 6
... Very similar to aerobic respiration in eukaryotes Since prokaryotes have no mitochondria, it all occurs in the cytoplasm. Makes 2 more ATP because the NADH from glycolysis isn’t converted to FADH2 ...
... Very similar to aerobic respiration in eukaryotes Since prokaryotes have no mitochondria, it all occurs in the cytoplasm. Makes 2 more ATP because the NADH from glycolysis isn’t converted to FADH2 ...
CHAP NUM="9" ID="CH
... respiration, the electron transport chain accepts electrons from the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming wat ...
... respiration, the electron transport chain accepts electrons from the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming wat ...
The efficiency of the isolation procedure is determined by
... absorption at 412 nm by the product thionitrobenzoic acid (TNB), which, in the presence of saturating concentrations of substrates acetyl-CoA, oxaloacetate, and dithionitrobenzoic acid (DNTB), is a function of the activity of citrate synthase [1]. Lactate dehydrogenase activity is based on conversio ...
... absorption at 412 nm by the product thionitrobenzoic acid (TNB), which, in the presence of saturating concentrations of substrates acetyl-CoA, oxaloacetate, and dithionitrobenzoic acid (DNTB), is a function of the activity of citrate synthase [1]. Lactate dehydrogenase activity is based on conversio ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.