114 - University of Oxford
... The model explains the heat shock, the isolation, and transplantation experiments but cannot explain the pattern of the c-hairy-1 waves, its cell autonomous character, and the formation of the anterior and posterior halves. Clock and Induction Model After decades of experimental and theoretical work ...
... The model explains the heat shock, the isolation, and transplantation experiments but cannot explain the pattern of the c-hairy-1 waves, its cell autonomous character, and the formation of the anterior and posterior halves. Clock and Induction Model After decades of experimental and theoretical work ...
(6R)-hydroxy-BFA in tobacco and Arabidopsis
... Whereas, in mammalian cells, the TGN and EE are separate organelles, in higher plants the TGN also functions as an EE (Dettmer et al., 2006; Lam et al., 2009; Otegui and Spitzer, 2008). In addition, the TGN is not permanently fixed at the trans pole of the Golgi stack, but can detach and move separa ...
... Whereas, in mammalian cells, the TGN and EE are separate organelles, in higher plants the TGN also functions as an EE (Dettmer et al., 2006; Lam et al., 2009; Otegui and Spitzer, 2008). In addition, the TGN is not permanently fixed at the trans pole of the Golgi stack, but can detach and move separa ...
Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the
... Introduction The cytoskeleton of most eukaryotic cells is principally composed of three distinct fiber types: actin-based microfilaments, a heterogeneous group of intermediate filaments, and microtubules (MTs). MTs are long, hollow fibers made of the protein Tubulin. They are essential for cellular ...
... Introduction The cytoskeleton of most eukaryotic cells is principally composed of three distinct fiber types: actin-based microfilaments, a heterogeneous group of intermediate filaments, and microtubules (MTs). MTs are long, hollow fibers made of the protein Tubulin. They are essential for cellular ...
Control of Contractility in Spirostomum by Dissociated Calcium Ions
... significant diminution between responses. However, response is not as strong as when a single stimulating pulse is applied. (c) Control showing that the photomultiplier signals are not some artifact of stimulation since the organisms are not microinjected with aequorin (50 msec/horizontal division a ...
... significant diminution between responses. However, response is not as strong as when a single stimulating pulse is applied. (c) Control showing that the photomultiplier signals are not some artifact of stimulation since the organisms are not microinjected with aequorin (50 msec/horizontal division a ...
Circulating precursors of human CD1c+ and CD141+
... and nonlymphoid tissues is critically dependent on continual replenishment from circulating pre-CDC (Liu et al., 2007; Liu and Nussenzweig, 2010). Murine pre-CDCs are BM-derived cells that are present in very small numbers in the blood but increase in response to Flt3L injection (Liu et al., 2007, 2 ...
... and nonlymphoid tissues is critically dependent on continual replenishment from circulating pre-CDC (Liu et al., 2007; Liu and Nussenzweig, 2010). Murine pre-CDCs are BM-derived cells that are present in very small numbers in the blood but increase in response to Flt3L injection (Liu et al., 2007, 2 ...
Critical role of cytosolic phospholipase A2a in bronchial mucus hypersecretion in
... recent paper by GARCIA et al. [14] showed that CFTR activity is required for normal hydration and secretion of intestinal mucin in a mouse model of CF. It is inferred that a similar mechanism may play a role in CF airways [14]. This does not exclude mucus hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia a ...
... recent paper by GARCIA et al. [14] showed that CFTR activity is required for normal hydration and secretion of intestinal mucin in a mouse model of CF. It is inferred that a similar mechanism may play a role in CF airways [14]. This does not exclude mucus hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia a ...
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... imbalance or other reasons, was seen after day 8. A number of females were killed at day 14 to test males for translocation heterozygosity. In the control, 7 out of 1423 implants had an amnion in which at superficial inspection the embryo was absent or dead (i.e. a large mole). For implants from T26 ...
... imbalance or other reasons, was seen after day 8. A number of females were killed at day 14 to test males for translocation heterozygosity. In the control, 7 out of 1423 implants had an amnion in which at superficial inspection the embryo was absent or dead (i.e. a large mole). For implants from T26 ...
Early steps in cold sensing by plant cells: the role of actin
... levels for the replacement histone H3.2 protein and for the putative L5 ribosomal protein from alfalfa were determined. The H3.2 (Robertson et al., 1996) and L5 (Asemota et al., 1994) transcripts are constitutively expressed in alfalfa. Both the L5 and H3.2 transcript levels, which are not detectabl ...
... levels for the replacement histone H3.2 protein and for the putative L5 ribosomal protein from alfalfa were determined. The H3.2 (Robertson et al., 1996) and L5 (Asemota et al., 1994) transcripts are constitutively expressed in alfalfa. Both the L5 and H3.2 transcript levels, which are not detectabl ...
Biological systems of the host cell involved in Agrobacterium infection
... Roles of host systems in Agrobacterium infection 13 port of the Agrobacterium T-complexes, through interaction with another host protein, VIP1, which mediates the recognition of VirE2 by the nuclear import machinery of the plant cell (see below). In this scenario, DLC3, a motorlike protein which as ...
... Roles of host systems in Agrobacterium infection 13 port of the Agrobacterium T-complexes, through interaction with another host protein, VIP1, which mediates the recognition of VirE2 by the nuclear import machinery of the plant cell (see below). In this scenario, DLC3, a motorlike protein which as ...
Perturbation of Polyamine Catabolism Can Strongly Affect Root
... Indeed, using ultrastructural and immunocytochemical techniques, it has been previously reported that ZmPAO protein is localized in both the cytoplasm and cell wall of developing tracheary elements and in the endodermis of maize primary roots, with a progressive increase of cell wall immunolabeling ...
... Indeed, using ultrastructural and immunocytochemical techniques, it has been previously reported that ZmPAO protein is localized in both the cytoplasm and cell wall of developing tracheary elements and in the endodermis of maize primary roots, with a progressive increase of cell wall immunolabeling ...
Determination of the Structure and Composition of the ` Sulphur
... bovine actinomycosis. These were examined in ultrathin sections with the electron microscope, in stained sections with the light microscope or in wet mounts before and after chemical extraction with the light and phase microscope. In addition chemical analyses were done on the granules and on organi ...
... bovine actinomycosis. These were examined in ultrathin sections with the electron microscope, in stained sections with the light microscope or in wet mounts before and after chemical extraction with the light and phase microscope. In addition chemical analyses were done on the granules and on organi ...
Signal Perception and Transduction: The Origin of
... light direction, then some form of fixed attachment in the cell is necessary. However, this does not have to be the plasma membrane; attachment to the cytoskeleton close to, or on, the inner sutface of the plasma membrane would work equally well. Thus, phytochrome and cryptochrome could act as senso ...
... light direction, then some form of fixed attachment in the cell is necessary. However, this does not have to be the plasma membrane; attachment to the cytoskeleton close to, or on, the inner sutface of the plasma membrane would work equally well. Thus, phytochrome and cryptochrome could act as senso ...
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... In zebrafish, Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons are primary sensory neurons present during the embryonic and early larval stages. At 2 days post-fertilization (dpf), wild-type zebrafish embryos respond to mechanosensory stimulation and swim away from the stimuli, whereas mi310 mutants are insensitive to touc ...
... In zebrafish, Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons are primary sensory neurons present during the embryonic and early larval stages. At 2 days post-fertilization (dpf), wild-type zebrafish embryos respond to mechanosensory stimulation and swim away from the stimuli, whereas mi310 mutants are insensitive to touc ...
The impact of abiotic factors on cellulose synthesis
... (Le Gall et al., 2015). In addition to these stresses, abiotic changes at non-stress levels (e.g. light and temperature fluctuations between day and night conditions) can also influence plant growth. Because of their sessile nature, plants must sense and respond to changes in their environment. One ...
... (Le Gall et al., 2015). In addition to these stresses, abiotic changes at non-stress levels (e.g. light and temperature fluctuations between day and night conditions) can also influence plant growth. Because of their sessile nature, plants must sense and respond to changes in their environment. One ...
DAZL is essential for stress granule formation
... affect the subcellular distribution of the TDRD1-positive granules (Fig. 2C). Furthermore, the DAZL-containing SGs did not colocalize with the TDRD1-containing nuages (Fig. 2C). These results reveal that DAZL-containing SGs are distinct from nuages in male germ cells. We examined which domain of DAZ ...
... affect the subcellular distribution of the TDRD1-positive granules (Fig. 2C). Furthermore, the DAZL-containing SGs did not colocalize with the TDRD1-containing nuages (Fig. 2C). These results reveal that DAZL-containing SGs are distinct from nuages in male germ cells. We examined which domain of DAZ ...
Polar auxin transport and patterning
... inhibition that could explain the geometrically highly ordered positioning of primordia. Recently, a series of simulations that derive shoot meristem maxima from polar auxin transport properties has been published in an attempt to explain phyllotaxis (de Reuille et al. 2006; Jonsson et al. 2006; Smi ...
... inhibition that could explain the geometrically highly ordered positioning of primordia. Recently, a series of simulations that derive shoot meristem maxima from polar auxin transport properties has been published in an attempt to explain phyllotaxis (de Reuille et al. 2006; Jonsson et al. 2006; Smi ...
The Golgi Apparatus - Global Science Books
... space (Fig. 1; Matheson et al. 2006). The various secretory organelles are linked together by different processes, starting with protein synthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and ending with storage or degradation in specific vacuoles, or secretion outside the cell via the plasma mem ...
... space (Fig. 1; Matheson et al. 2006). The various secretory organelles are linked together by different processes, starting with protein synthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and ending with storage or degradation in specific vacuoles, or secretion outside the cell via the plasma mem ...
Capture of plasma membrane fragments from target
... B-cell receptor (BCR), T cells recognize antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) using their T-cell receptor (TCR). Antigen recognition results in activation of the lymphocytes, the acquisition of their effector f ...
... B-cell receptor (BCR), T cells recognize antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) using their T-cell receptor (TCR). Antigen recognition results in activation of the lymphocytes, the acquisition of their effector f ...
Localization of Green Fluorescent Protein Fusions
... sequences (sp-GFP-TMD/CT) of the seven individual AtVSR. Transgenic tobacco BY-2 cell lines expressing these seven sp-GFPTMD-CT fusions all exhibited typical punctate signals colocalizing with VSR proteins by confocal immunofluorescence. In addition, wortmannin caused the GFP-marked prevacuolar orga ...
... sequences (sp-GFP-TMD/CT) of the seven individual AtVSR. Transgenic tobacco BY-2 cell lines expressing these seven sp-GFPTMD-CT fusions all exhibited typical punctate signals colocalizing with VSR proteins by confocal immunofluorescence. In addition, wortmannin caused the GFP-marked prevacuolar orga ...
a-detailed-study-of
... Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved, highly regulated process of programmed, active, cell death, morphologically and biochemically different from necrosis, and is important in normal development and physiological homeostasis of multicellular organisms [1, 2 and 3]. Cells dying by apoptosis main ...
... Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved, highly regulated process of programmed, active, cell death, morphologically and biochemically different from necrosis, and is important in normal development and physiological homeostasis of multicellular organisms [1, 2 and 3]. Cells dying by apoptosis main ...
Cytomechanical properties of papaver pollen tubes are altered after
... a bi- or tridimensional structure. In animal cells, neurons provide a quasimonodimensional system that has been studied in detail (Palanivelu and Preuss, 2000). A comparable plant cell system, the pollen tube, has similar monodimensional properties to neuronal cells. Pollen tubes are long, thin, tub ...
... a bi- or tridimensional structure. In animal cells, neurons provide a quasimonodimensional system that has been studied in detail (Palanivelu and Preuss, 2000). A comparable plant cell system, the pollen tube, has similar monodimensional properties to neuronal cells. Pollen tubes are long, thin, tub ...
Interplay between SCARECROW, GA and LIKE
... Genetic and epigenetic basis of ground tissue patterning 5 SCR does to the MGP promoter. The binding profiles for LHP1 and SCR overlap considerably. Next we performed quantitative RT–PCR and found that the expression levels of MGP and SCR are increased in the lhp1 mutant (Figure 2d), suggesting tha ...
... Genetic and epigenetic basis of ground tissue patterning 5 SCR does to the MGP promoter. The binding profiles for LHP1 and SCR overlap considerably. Next we performed quantitative RT–PCR and found that the expression levels of MGP and SCR are increased in the lhp1 mutant (Figure 2d), suggesting tha ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.