Retinal Ganglion Cells in Goldfish
... Golgi-like filling of the cells. From their appearance in the retinal whole-mount, they were classified as four types, according to the sizes of the soma and dendritic field, the thickness of the primary dendrites, and the density of the arbors. Each type was subdivided according to the level(s) of ...
... Golgi-like filling of the cells. From their appearance in the retinal whole-mount, they were classified as four types, according to the sizes of the soma and dendritic field, the thickness of the primary dendrites, and the density of the arbors. Each type was subdivided according to the level(s) of ...
The Sad1-UNC-84 homology domain in Mps3 interacts with Mps2 to
... 1974, 1975). SPBs in fission yeast have a similar but not identical structure. Importantly, the S. pombe SPB is also embedded in the nuclear envelope, possibly by its SUN protein, Sad1 (Hagan and Yanagida, 1995). Until now, the budding yeast orthologue of Sad1 had not been identified. The half-bridg ...
... 1974, 1975). SPBs in fission yeast have a similar but not identical structure. Importantly, the S. pombe SPB is also embedded in the nuclear envelope, possibly by its SUN protein, Sad1 (Hagan and Yanagida, 1995). Until now, the budding yeast orthologue of Sad1 had not been identified. The half-bridg ...
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... increase in tissue PPi, from a control value of about 10 nmol/g wet wt to about 14 and 12 nmol/g wet wt. in the presence of the respective hormones. If it is assumed that all this PP1 is mitochondrial, then from the known mitochondrial content of liver it can be calculated that the mitochondrial PPi ...
... increase in tissue PPi, from a control value of about 10 nmol/g wet wt to about 14 and 12 nmol/g wet wt. in the presence of the respective hormones. If it is assumed that all this PP1 is mitochondrial, then from the known mitochondrial content of liver it can be calculated that the mitochondrial PPi ...
Synthesis and sorting of proteoglycans
... interactions, normally of ionic nature, with growth factors, for example. Recent studies have identified ~30 PG protein cores. These cores are not just scaffolds for GAGs: they contain domains that have particular biological activities (Iozzo, 1998). Many PGs are thus multifunctional molecules that ...
... interactions, normally of ionic nature, with growth factors, for example. Recent studies have identified ~30 PG protein cores. These cores are not just scaffolds for GAGs: they contain domains that have particular biological activities (Iozzo, 1998). Many PGs are thus multifunctional molecules that ...
View
... Bellier et al., 1997; Akoulitchev and Reinberg, 1998; Long et al., 1998) as well as gene-specific transcription factors during the G2/M transition during mitosis. For some factors, reduced DNA-binding activities have been observed in extracts from mitotic cells (Caelles et al., 1995; Martinez-Balbas ...
... Bellier et al., 1997; Akoulitchev and Reinberg, 1998; Long et al., 1998) as well as gene-specific transcription factors during the G2/M transition during mitosis. For some factors, reduced DNA-binding activities have been observed in extracts from mitotic cells (Caelles et al., 1995; Martinez-Balbas ...
Localization of polysaccharides in isolated and intact cuticles of
... According to the prevailing model [7], the cuticle consists of two different layers, the cuticle proper (CP) as the outermost region and the subjacent cuticular layer (CL). An epicuticular wax (EW) layer covers the CP and is in direct contact with the environment [8]. The CP, which is by definition ...
... According to the prevailing model [7], the cuticle consists of two different layers, the cuticle proper (CP) as the outermost region and the subjacent cuticular layer (CL). An epicuticular wax (EW) layer covers the CP and is in direct contact with the environment [8]. The CP, which is by definition ...
Antisickling Activity and Membrane Stabilizing Effect of
... mutant hemoglobin polymerizes inside the red blood cell into a gel or further into fibers leading to a drastic decrease in the red cell deformability. Polymerization and precipitation of S hemoglobin within the erythrocytes cause the change of the shape of erythrocytes from their normal globular for ...
... mutant hemoglobin polymerizes inside the red blood cell into a gel or further into fibers leading to a drastic decrease in the red cell deformability. Polymerization and precipitation of S hemoglobin within the erythrocytes cause the change of the shape of erythrocytes from their normal globular for ...
How to Study and Exploit microRNAs for Gene Therapy Bernhard Gentner, M.D.
... sites for miRNA • “soak up” miRNA with a complementary seed region, i.e. the whole miRNA family • In cell lines as effective as chemically modified ...
... sites for miRNA • “soak up” miRNA with a complementary seed region, i.e. the whole miRNA family • In cell lines as effective as chemically modified ...
151 Compact cell image projector
... of this relationship still remain to be elucidated, such as the reciprocal regulation of cardiac spontaneous frequency and developed force, and the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation on the force-frequency relationship (Lakatta, 2004). The dependence of the force developed by the myocardium on the ...
... of this relationship still remain to be elucidated, such as the reciprocal regulation of cardiac spontaneous frequency and developed force, and the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation on the force-frequency relationship (Lakatta, 2004). The dependence of the force developed by the myocardium on the ...
Transgenic tobacco plants with reduced capability to
... antisense RNA for cAPX. (A) Photograph showing that infiltration of antisense-APX leaves (Right) with a low titer of bacteria (OD600 ⫽ 0.1) induces HR cell death. In contrast, infiltration of control leaves (Left) with the same titer failed to induce PCD. Infiltration of leaves with a high titer of ...
... antisense RNA for cAPX. (A) Photograph showing that infiltration of antisense-APX leaves (Right) with a low titer of bacteria (OD600 ⫽ 0.1) induces HR cell death. In contrast, infiltration of control leaves (Left) with the same titer failed to induce PCD. Infiltration of leaves with a high titer of ...
Long-Term Persistent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Rabies Virus
... VSV T particles produced during long-term persistence Wagner et aL 0963) reported that L cells infected with a small plaque mutant of VSV evolved into a persistently infected carrier state with frequent cytopathic 'crises'. The basis for the persistence was not explored, but interferon was suggested ...
... VSV T particles produced during long-term persistence Wagner et aL 0963) reported that L cells infected with a small plaque mutant of VSV evolved into a persistently infected carrier state with frequent cytopathic 'crises'. The basis for the persistence was not explored, but interferon was suggested ...
Supplemental Figure Legends
... m was preserved in Ppif-/- MEFs. As a positive control, addition of 50 M carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was able to dissipate mitochondrial in both Ppif+/+ and Ppif-/- MEFs (data were collected from 2 independent experiments each perfor ...
... m was preserved in Ppif-/- MEFs. As a positive control, addition of 50 M carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was able to dissipate mitochondrial in both Ppif+/+ and Ppif-/- MEFs (data were collected from 2 independent experiments each perfor ...
7 - Dynamic Microtubules and the Texture of Plant Cell Walls
... past 50 years or so. Virtually, all the seminal ideas about wall construction originated in the electron microscopic era when the field divided between those who believed that layers of cellulose microfibrils were organized entirely by self-assembly principles (and may or may not be subsequently rea ...
... past 50 years or so. Virtually, all the seminal ideas about wall construction originated in the electron microscopic era when the field divided between those who believed that layers of cellulose microfibrils were organized entirely by self-assembly principles (and may or may not be subsequently rea ...
Mitochondria Know No Boundaries: Mechanisms and Functions of
... components of the electron transport chain, and a translational system made of two ribosomal RNAs and 22 tRNAs, required for the translation of these proteins (Gustafsson et al., 2016). During evolution, most of the mitochondrial ancestor genes have been progressively transferred to the nuclear geno ...
... components of the electron transport chain, and a translational system made of two ribosomal RNAs and 22 tRNAs, required for the translation of these proteins (Gustafsson et al., 2016). During evolution, most of the mitochondrial ancestor genes have been progressively transferred to the nuclear geno ...
Introduction to Anatomy ontologies
... About thirty years ago there was much talk that geologists ought only to observe and not theorise; and I well remember some one saying that at this rate a man might as well go into a gravel-pit and count the pebbles and describe the colours. ...
... About thirty years ago there was much talk that geologists ought only to observe and not theorise; and I well remember some one saying that at this rate a man might as well go into a gravel-pit and count the pebbles and describe the colours. ...
Identification of genes controlling germ cell migration and embryonic
... a transformation of part of the PMG into a more hindgut-like tissue. In these mutants, the PMG intercellular gaps fail to form and germ cells are rendered helpless to reach their destination in the mesoderm (Jaglarz and Howard, 1995; Reuter, 1994; Warrior, 1994). Once across the gut wall, the germ c ...
... a transformation of part of the PMG into a more hindgut-like tissue. In these mutants, the PMG intercellular gaps fail to form and germ cells are rendered helpless to reach their destination in the mesoderm (Jaglarz and Howard, 1995; Reuter, 1994; Warrior, 1994). Once across the gut wall, the germ c ...
ForC, a novel type of formin family protein lacking an FH1 domain, is
... Proper spatial and temporal regulation of cytoskeletal function is essential for such eukaryotic cell activities as mitosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell migration and morphogenesis. To better understand the molecular basis for cell motion and the underlying regulation of the cytoskeletal system, w ...
... Proper spatial and temporal regulation of cytoskeletal function is essential for such eukaryotic cell activities as mitosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell migration and morphogenesis. To better understand the molecular basis for cell motion and the underlying regulation of the cytoskeletal system, w ...
Mechanisms That Promote Stem Cell Maintenance throughout Life
... Studies of well-characterized stem cells reveal why it is difficult to use markers to initially identify unknown stem cells. Markers of primitive cells are often not fully specific for stem cells. For example, spectrosomes identical to those in GSCs also reside in primordial germ cells, and the spec ...
... Studies of well-characterized stem cells reveal why it is difficult to use markers to initially identify unknown stem cells. Markers of primitive cells are often not fully specific for stem cells. For example, spectrosomes identical to those in GSCs also reside in primordial germ cells, and the spec ...
G1 Phase-Dependent Expression of Bcl
... Cell proliferation is tightly controlled in normal mammalian cells, but deranged in cancer cells (Pardee et al., 1978). The growth factor-mediated signals that drive the cell cycle progression and thereby cell proliferation have been linked to functions of several cell cycle-dependent regulators (Sh ...
... Cell proliferation is tightly controlled in normal mammalian cells, but deranged in cancer cells (Pardee et al., 1978). The growth factor-mediated signals that drive the cell cycle progression and thereby cell proliferation have been linked to functions of several cell cycle-dependent regulators (Sh ...
Ch. 21 Fungi - Jamestown Public Schools
... What are Fungi? - _________ are _________________ heterotrophs that have cell ______ - Chitin – makes up cell _______, a complex _______ also found in the external _______________ of ___________ ...
... What are Fungi? - _________ are _________________ heterotrophs that have cell ______ - Chitin – makes up cell _______, a complex _______ also found in the external _______________ of ___________ ...
In vivo single-RNA tracking shows that most tRNA diffuses freely in
... by adding 1 mM EDTA to the electroporation buffer, since this addition has proven to stabilize and internalize DNA into live bacteria (39). In terms of fluorophores, we initially selected Cy3, Cy5 and Cy5.5, due to their high photostability and brightness (46). The RNA molecules delivered were uncha ...
... by adding 1 mM EDTA to the electroporation buffer, since this addition has proven to stabilize and internalize DNA into live bacteria (39). In terms of fluorophores, we initially selected Cy3, Cy5 and Cy5.5, due to their high photostability and brightness (46). The RNA molecules delivered were uncha ...
1 METT-10, A Putative Methyltransferase, Inhibits Germ
... zone, but not in the adjacent meiotic region (Figure 1B). The suspected ectopic proliferating cells in mett-10(oz36) mutants label with EdU within a 3 hour period, showing that they are cycling (Figure 1C). Because EdU labels cells in both mitotic and meiotic S-phase, we also stained for additional ...
... zone, but not in the adjacent meiotic region (Figure 1B). The suspected ectopic proliferating cells in mett-10(oz36) mutants label with EdU within a 3 hour period, showing that they are cycling (Figure 1C). Because EdU labels cells in both mitotic and meiotic S-phase, we also stained for additional ...
CpG-ODN 2006 and human parvovirus B19 genome consensus
... To examine the effects of CpG-ODN 2006-PO (2006-PO) on the growth of hematopoietic progenitors, human CD34⫹ cells were cultured for 7 days in liquid medium in the presence of multiple cytokines. Under these conditions, simultaneous differentiation of erythroid (GPA⫹), neutrophilic (CD15⫹), and megak ...
... To examine the effects of CpG-ODN 2006-PO (2006-PO) on the growth of hematopoietic progenitors, human CD34⫹ cells were cultured for 7 days in liquid medium in the presence of multiple cytokines. Under these conditions, simultaneous differentiation of erythroid (GPA⫹), neutrophilic (CD15⫹), and megak ...
The structure and function of the Golgi apparatus
... (which is normally one per cell ) increases proportionally to the number of genomic copies and decreases with the recovery of the cells ( Walne, 1967). In mammalian cells, Golgi stacks are connected by tubules (Mollenhauer and Morré, 1994; Cole et al., 1996), and lateral diffusion of lipids and of ...
... (which is normally one per cell ) increases proportionally to the number of genomic copies and decreases with the recovery of the cells ( Walne, 1967). In mammalian cells, Golgi stacks are connected by tubules (Mollenhauer and Morré, 1994; Cole et al., 1996), and lateral diffusion of lipids and of ...
dependent endoderm cell fate specification - EvoDevo
... the nature of the primordial anisotropy that triggered initial gastrulation movements is not known, and no existing model provides a molecular explanation for the initial evolution of a functional gut [3,5]. One ancient polarity that is present in most metazoan eggs is the animal-vegetal (AV) or pri ...
... the nature of the primordial anisotropy that triggered initial gastrulation movements is not known, and no existing model provides a molecular explanation for the initial evolution of a functional gut [3,5]. One ancient polarity that is present in most metazoan eggs is the animal-vegetal (AV) or pri ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.