Live Cell Imaging Reveals Structural Associations
... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
comparative study of extracellular fibrils on the ectodermal layer in
... inXenopus and the lack of them in Rana, can be interpreted in three ways. (1) They are present in intact gastrulae, but optimal conditions for fixation are different from those of urodele fibrils. (2) Equivalent molecules that support attachment and movement of the migrating mesodermal cells are pre ...
... inXenopus and the lack of them in Rana, can be interpreted in three ways. (1) They are present in intact gastrulae, but optimal conditions for fixation are different from those of urodele fibrils. (2) Equivalent molecules that support attachment and movement of the migrating mesodermal cells are pre ...
Directional Gravity Sensing in Gravitropism
... is thought to be involved in the signal conversion process within the statocyte. Studies on mechanotransduction in animal cells have inspired a model that incorporates mechanosensitive ion channels, actin microfilaments, and integrin-like molecules (1, 34, 61, 89). Unfortunately, however, the direct ...
... is thought to be involved in the signal conversion process within the statocyte. Studies on mechanotransduction in animal cells have inspired a model that incorporates mechanosensitive ion channels, actin microfilaments, and integrin-like molecules (1, 34, 61, 89). Unfortunately, however, the direct ...
Acidotropic probes and flow cytometry: a powerful combination for
... 1997) have the advantage of being analytically sensitive. However, these techniques have limitations, such as short-term incubations and the large amount of handling required (Smalley et al. 1999). Moreover, these approaches may have several sources of contamination: transfer of radioactivity from o ...
... 1997) have the advantage of being analytically sensitive. However, these techniques have limitations, such as short-term incubations and the large amount of handling required (Smalley et al. 1999). Moreover, these approaches may have several sources of contamination: transfer of radioactivity from o ...
Enhancement of photovoltaic performance of quasi-solid state dye sensitized solar cell
... performs particularly well when sensitized with Rose Bengal [22]. Being an organic dye, there are no concerns about environmental damage, as it does not contain any noble metal, such as ruthenium. RB dye has been successfully used by several groups for DSSCs structures. It has high extinction coeffi ...
... performs particularly well when sensitized with Rose Bengal [22]. Being an organic dye, there are no concerns about environmental damage, as it does not contain any noble metal, such as ruthenium. RB dye has been successfully used by several groups for DSSCs structures. It has high extinction coeffi ...
Understanding How Lipopolysaccharide Impacts CD4 T Cell Immunity
... Mature Th cells express CD4 and are grouped into subsets based on their profile of cytokines generated following stimulation. Functional differentiation from a naïve state results in specific populations with Th1, Th2, or Th17 properties, determined by their ability to produce IFN-γ, IL-4, or IL-17, ...
... Mature Th cells express CD4 and are grouped into subsets based on their profile of cytokines generated following stimulation. Functional differentiation from a naïve state results in specific populations with Th1, Th2, or Th17 properties, determined by their ability to produce IFN-γ, IL-4, or IL-17, ...
GSK-3 Promotes Cell Survival, Growth, and PAX3 Levels in Human
... expressed in melanocyte precursors and drives lineage specificity by regulating the expression of genes critical for melanogenesis (17, 18). Loss of PAX3 expression in the mouse embryo results in significant reduction in both proliferation and the number of melanoblasts (19). Because of its role in gr ...
... expressed in melanocyte precursors and drives lineage specificity by regulating the expression of genes critical for melanogenesis (17, 18). Loss of PAX3 expression in the mouse embryo results in significant reduction in both proliferation and the number of melanoblasts (19). Because of its role in gr ...
shrimathi indira gandhi college - Shrimati Indira Gandhi College
... Some yeasts produce false hyphae during some time called pseudohyphae. These yeasts are called yeast like fungi. Eg: Candida albicans MOLDS Multidellular fungi composed of filamentous or tubular structures called hyphae. The length of single hyphae is about 5-50micrometre. Some hyphae have the cross ...
... Some yeasts produce false hyphae during some time called pseudohyphae. These yeasts are called yeast like fungi. Eg: Candida albicans MOLDS Multidellular fungi composed of filamentous or tubular structures called hyphae. The length of single hyphae is about 5-50micrometre. Some hyphae have the cross ...
Gain of function in the immune system caused by a ryanodine
... RyR1 cDNA from wild-type mice (WT) yields the uncut band of about 376 bp, whereas digestion of the cDNA from heterozygous mice (HET RYR1Y522S) yields two bands of 276 bp and 100 bp plus the uncut 376 bp band from the wild-type allele. (B) The resting [Ca2+] of DCs from HET RYR1Y522S mice is signific ...
... RyR1 cDNA from wild-type mice (WT) yields the uncut band of about 376 bp, whereas digestion of the cDNA from heterozygous mice (HET RYR1Y522S) yields two bands of 276 bp and 100 bp plus the uncut 376 bp band from the wild-type allele. (B) The resting [Ca2+] of DCs from HET RYR1Y522S mice is signific ...
DNA ligase IV dependent NHEJ of deprotected human telomeres in
... Figure 2C) would argue against this scenario. We addressed this question directly by asking whether chromosome-type fusions can be generated in a single cell division (see Figure 3A for an experimental schematic). Primary human IMR90 fibroblasts were arrested by contact inhibition for 6 days, result ...
... Figure 2C) would argue against this scenario. We addressed this question directly by asking whether chromosome-type fusions can be generated in a single cell division (see Figure 3A for an experimental schematic). Primary human IMR90 fibroblasts were arrested by contact inhibition for 6 days, result ...
Running title: Mode of Bactericidal Action of the Jatropha curcas
... extracts of Jatropha curcas Linn. plant on Staphylococcus aureus S1434 and Escherichia coli E216. At double MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value, cell viability of S. aureus S1434 was inhibited by all extracts, but only kernel meal and root wood extracts inhibited E. coli E216. At half MIC, ...
... extracts of Jatropha curcas Linn. plant on Staphylococcus aureus S1434 and Escherichia coli E216. At double MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value, cell viability of S. aureus S1434 was inhibited by all extracts, but only kernel meal and root wood extracts inhibited E. coli E216. At half MIC, ...
Endodermal origin of yolk-sac-derived teratomas
... the yolk sac endoderm, the paternally derived X chromosome is preferentially inactivated. However, in the embryo proper and the yolk sac mesoderm, this inactivation is random (Takagi and Sasaki, 1975). We did observe differences in the enzyme activity between the embryos and the corresponding terato ...
... the yolk sac endoderm, the paternally derived X chromosome is preferentially inactivated. However, in the embryo proper and the yolk sac mesoderm, this inactivation is random (Takagi and Sasaki, 1975). We did observe differences in the enzyme activity between the embryos and the corresponding terato ...
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... allele for bam as described previously (McKearin and Ohlstein, 1995; Ohlstein et al., 2000). bamBG is a strong allele for bam as described previously (Chen and McKearin, 2005). piwiEP and P{hs-gal4} have been described previously (Chen and McKearin, 2005; Cox et al., 2000) Ago1k08121 has been descri ...
... allele for bam as described previously (McKearin and Ohlstein, 1995; Ohlstein et al., 2000). bamBG is a strong allele for bam as described previously (Chen and McKearin, 2005). piwiEP and P{hs-gal4} have been described previously (Chen and McKearin, 2005; Cox et al., 2000) Ago1k08121 has been descri ...
Krp1, a novel kelch related protein that is involved in pseudopod
... of EGF treatment. At both 5 min and 2 h of EGF treatment Krp1 remained cytoplasmic, while at 4 h Krp1 was found to localize at membrane rues (Figure 4c). After 24 h a small fraction was localized at the tips of pseudopodia (Figure 4c). It should be noted that not all the cells after 24 h had long p ...
... of EGF treatment. At both 5 min and 2 h of EGF treatment Krp1 remained cytoplasmic, while at 4 h Krp1 was found to localize at membrane rues (Figure 4c). After 24 h a small fraction was localized at the tips of pseudopodia (Figure 4c). It should be noted that not all the cells after 24 h had long p ...
Regulatory assembly of the vacuolar proton pump VOV1
... subunit E in the cytosol. However, low FRET efficiencies and only a small effect on the fluorescence lifetimes of the yEGFP fluorophore can be interpreted as a partial or a transient binding of C and E in the cytosol. Both types of interaction measurements suffer from the fast photo bleaching of the ...
... subunit E in the cytosol. However, low FRET efficiencies and only a small effect on the fluorescence lifetimes of the yEGFP fluorophore can be interpreted as a partial or a transient binding of C and E in the cytosol. Both types of interaction measurements suffer from the fast photo bleaching of the ...
Enzymology of Plasma Membranes of Insect Intestinal Cells`
... as a means of locating pertinent work published more than five years ago. Since this review is concerned with plasma membrane bound enzymes of insect intestinal cells I have omitted many excellent studies of enzymes found in the lumen of insect digestive tracts as well as those concerned with enzyme ...
... as a means of locating pertinent work published more than five years ago. Since this review is concerned with plasma membrane bound enzymes of insect intestinal cells I have omitted many excellent studies of enzymes found in the lumen of insect digestive tracts as well as those concerned with enzyme ...
Neurogenesis in Postnatal Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia
... All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and to reduce the number of animals used. DRG from early postnatal (day 1 or 2) male/female CD1 mice were extracted, minced, and then enzymatically dissociated using 1% trypsin (Gibco) and DNase (10 mg/ml; Boehringer Mannheim) added to Ham’s F14 med ...
... All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and to reduce the number of animals used. DRG from early postnatal (day 1 or 2) male/female CD1 mice were extracted, minced, and then enzymatically dissociated using 1% trypsin (Gibco) and DNase (10 mg/ml; Boehringer Mannheim) added to Ham’s F14 med ...
From milliseconds to millions of years: guard cells and
... PLC and another phospholipase, PLD, which cleaves the phospholipid headgroup to yield phosphatidic acid, both show transient increases in activity following ABA application. PLD seems to function in the same pathway as PLC: inhibitors of PLC and PLD each partially oppose ABAinduced stomatal closure, ...
... PLC and another phospholipase, PLD, which cleaves the phospholipid headgroup to yield phosphatidic acid, both show transient increases in activity following ABA application. PLD seems to function in the same pathway as PLC: inhibitors of PLC and PLD each partially oppose ABAinduced stomatal closure, ...
Abstract Importance Structure of Primary Cilia A B Functional Kif3B
... causes Kif3B to change its shape and move up the microtubules. Cilia development depends on the movement of materials into the cilia, and research indicates that if Kif3B is not functioning, cilia formation will not occur properly. Diseases called ciliopathies result if primary cilia production is a ...
... causes Kif3B to change its shape and move up the microtubules. Cilia development depends on the movement of materials into the cilia, and research indicates that if Kif3B is not functioning, cilia formation will not occur properly. Diseases called ciliopathies result if primary cilia production is a ...
Title in Title Case and Bolded
... Insufficient bonding of juxtaposed bone to an orthopaedic/dental implant could be caused by material surface properties that do not support new bone growth. For this reason, fabrication of biomaterials surface properties which support osteointegration should be one of the key objectives in the desig ...
... Insufficient bonding of juxtaposed bone to an orthopaedic/dental implant could be caused by material surface properties that do not support new bone growth. For this reason, fabrication of biomaterials surface properties which support osteointegration should be one of the key objectives in the desig ...
Auxin transport through non-hair cells sustains root
... Auxin distribution is controlled by the movement of auxin into and out of individual cells. Protonated auxin enters cells from the cell wall by diffusion, while the ion enters via the activity of AUX1/LAX auxin-influx facilitators. AUX1 activity increases efficiency of auxin uptake compared to diffu ...
... Auxin distribution is controlled by the movement of auxin into and out of individual cells. Protonated auxin enters cells from the cell wall by diffusion, while the ion enters via the activity of AUX1/LAX auxin-influx facilitators. AUX1 activity increases efficiency of auxin uptake compared to diffu ...
Annual Report 2014 The Kidney Project
... The Problem. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which is the slow, progressive loss of kidney function over time, affects more than 25 million people in the United States and countless worldwide. In the last stage of CKD, known as End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), the kidneys fail completely. Kidneys not o ...
... The Problem. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which is the slow, progressive loss of kidney function over time, affects more than 25 million people in the United States and countless worldwide. In the last stage of CKD, known as End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), the kidneys fail completely. Kidneys not o ...
Comparison of Properties of Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... positions across the extent of the MEC. Properties were tested with and without the cholinergic agonist carbachol using whole-cell patch recording in vitro. Cellular properties studied included spike frequency adaptation, SMPOs, input resistance, sag ratio, and persistent firing. We find that spike ...
... positions across the extent of the MEC. Properties were tested with and without the cholinergic agonist carbachol using whole-cell patch recording in vitro. Cellular properties studied included spike frequency adaptation, SMPOs, input resistance, sag ratio, and persistent firing. We find that spike ...
Amniotic membrane modulates innate immune response inhibiting
... with slight modifications (Garfias et al., 2011). At the end of the stimulation period, the supernatants were collected and preserved ...
... with slight modifications (Garfias et al., 2011). At the end of the stimulation period, the supernatants were collected and preserved ...
The Cellular Basis of Gastrulation in Xenopus laevis: Active
... Holtfreter, 1955; Ikushima and Maru- endodermal epithelium (the archenteron yama, 1971). The fact that the preinvolu- roof)? The answers are not clear. Grafting tion DMZ will not extend autonomously experiments show that the processes of until a developmental age when it normally convergence, extens ...
... Holtfreter, 1955; Ikushima and Maru- endodermal epithelium (the archenteron yama, 1971). The fact that the preinvolu- roof)? The answers are not clear. Grafting tion DMZ will not extend autonomously experiments show that the processes of until a developmental age when it normally convergence, extens ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.