Membrane flow through Golgi compartments
... fluorescence was spread throughout most of the area stained with an antibody against the ER marker protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) (Fig. 3E and F). The second CGN marker, gp74, underwent the same redistribution (not shown). Again, no significant changes in the location and morphology of the SGC ( ...
... fluorescence was spread throughout most of the area stained with an antibody against the ER marker protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) (Fig. 3E and F). The second CGN marker, gp74, underwent the same redistribution (not shown). Again, no significant changes in the location and morphology of the SGC ( ...
Molecular Regulation of Vascular Cambium Identity and Activity
... stem cell populations located in the different parts of the plant body (Evert, 2006a). Plant stem cells, or the “meristematic cells” or the “initials”, similar to their animal counterparts are reservoirs of cells that can both produce new cells for the generation of new tissues and organs, and self- ...
... stem cell populations located in the different parts of the plant body (Evert, 2006a). Plant stem cells, or the “meristematic cells” or the “initials”, similar to their animal counterparts are reservoirs of cells that can both produce new cells for the generation of new tissues and organs, and self- ...
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... 1991) or phytohemagglutinin (Höfte et al., 1991). Thus, a picture of the Golgi apparatus as the central processing/targeting compartment of the plant cell is slowly being constructed (Harris and Watson, 1991). However, there are still many questions to be answered as to the exact organisation of fun ...
... 1991) or phytohemagglutinin (Höfte et al., 1991). Thus, a picture of the Golgi apparatus as the central processing/targeting compartment of the plant cell is slowly being constructed (Harris and Watson, 1991). However, there are still many questions to be answered as to the exact organisation of fun ...
ARVO 2017 Annual Meeting Abstracts 514 Non
... C57BL/6 mice were digested via collagenase and DNase. Single cell suspensions of retina/choroid underwent immunofluorescence (IF) staining with CD45 (pan-leukocyte marker), PDCA-1 (specific pDC marker), B220/CD45R, Gr-1 (both expressed by pDCs), CD11c (conventional and pDC marker), CD3 (T cell marke ...
... C57BL/6 mice were digested via collagenase and DNase. Single cell suspensions of retina/choroid underwent immunofluorescence (IF) staining with CD45 (pan-leukocyte marker), PDCA-1 (specific pDC marker), B220/CD45R, Gr-1 (both expressed by pDCs), CD11c (conventional and pDC marker), CD3 (T cell marke ...
Genetic analysis of seed coat development in Arabidopsis
... in the death of the seed coat cells. Recently, genetic analyses in Arabidopsis have contributed substantially to our understanding of many aspects of seed coat biology and it might not be long before the entire differentiation pathway is understood. Such an advance would contribute substantially to ...
... in the death of the seed coat cells. Recently, genetic analyses in Arabidopsis have contributed substantially to our understanding of many aspects of seed coat biology and it might not be long before the entire differentiation pathway is understood. Such an advance would contribute substantially to ...
Induction of Kranz Anatomy and C4-like
... the large subunit of Rubisco in the chloroplasts in all three types of photosynthetic cells (Table 1). Thus, the terrestrial form differed from typical C4 plants in the cellular distribution of Rubisco (Ueno, 1996b). This cellular distribution of Rubisco resembles that in the C 4-like species of Fla ...
... the large subunit of Rubisco in the chloroplasts in all three types of photosynthetic cells (Table 1). Thus, the terrestrial form differed from typical C4 plants in the cellular distribution of Rubisco (Ueno, 1996b). This cellular distribution of Rubisco resembles that in the C 4-like species of Fla ...
Molecular Components of the Bacterial Cytoskeleton
... ε-tubulin. The best-characterised tubulins are α- and β-tubulin, which are the main components of microtubules. Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal elements that assemble in all eukaryotes, and are required for many intracellular transport events and for cell division. For example, microtubules ...
... ε-tubulin. The best-characterised tubulins are α- and β-tubulin, which are the main components of microtubules. Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal elements that assemble in all eukaryotes, and are required for many intracellular transport events and for cell division. For example, microtubules ...
Metabolic allometric scaling model. Combining cellular
... What does Eqn 12 mean? If we have two organisms with the same mass, but different sizes of cells they are composed of, then, in order to bring the same amount of nutrients per unit of organisms' mass, the organism with bigger cells requires more nutrients for transportation. However, in many instanc ...
... What does Eqn 12 mean? If we have two organisms with the same mass, but different sizes of cells they are composed of, then, in order to bring the same amount of nutrients per unit of organisms' mass, the organism with bigger cells requires more nutrients for transportation. However, in many instanc ...
The Induction of 72-kD Gelatinase in T Cells upon Adhesion to
... the process of inflammation. The initial step in this process is characterized by the adhesion of T cells to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall via a variety of cell surface receptors (Albelda and Buck, 1990; Springer, 1990; Shimizu et al., 1991). The receptors on endothelial cells w ...
... the process of inflammation. The initial step in this process is characterized by the adhesion of T cells to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall via a variety of cell surface receptors (Albelda and Buck, 1990; Springer, 1990; Shimizu et al., 1991). The receptors on endothelial cells w ...
Reactive oxygen species promote chloroplast dysfunction and
... mechanism by which FB1 regulates light-dependent plant PCD is still largely unknown. Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone signaling molecule functioning in plant-microbe interactions in the induction of HR. In addition, SA synthesis is influenced by the light condition and closely associated with the chl ...
... mechanism by which FB1 regulates light-dependent plant PCD is still largely unknown. Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone signaling molecule functioning in plant-microbe interactions in the induction of HR. In addition, SA synthesis is influenced by the light condition and closely associated with the chl ...
3 - Riverside City College
... 3 As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, and each codon is read in sequence, a new amino acid is added to the growing protein chain and the tRNA in the A site is translocated to the ...
... 3 As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, and each codon is read in sequence, a new amino acid is added to the growing protein chain and the tRNA in the A site is translocated to the ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... mesodermal tissues are internalized, and morphogenesis transforms the early embryo into each animal’s unique body-plan. While gastrulation has been studied extensively in classic model systems such as flies, worms, and vertebrates, less is known about gastrulation at a mechanistic level in other tax ...
... mesodermal tissues are internalized, and morphogenesis transforms the early embryo into each animal’s unique body-plan. While gastrulation has been studied extensively in classic model systems such as flies, worms, and vertebrates, less is known about gastrulation at a mechanistic level in other tax ...
Nature Cell Biol. 6
... 200 nM). The addition of insulin induced the formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, which was also insensitive to pre-treatment with rapamycin (see Supplementary Information, Fig. S1). The addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) also led to rapamycin-insensitive formation of stress fibres. ...
... 200 nM). The addition of insulin induced the formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, which was also insensitive to pre-treatment with rapamycin (see Supplementary Information, Fig. S1). The addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) also led to rapamycin-insensitive formation of stress fibres. ...
Signaling tip growth in plants Zhenbiao Yang
... active cdc42 mutants. Microinjected anti-Rop antibodies specifically inhibit pollen tube growth [31••]. Interestingly, this effect is more similar to loss-of-function cdc42 mutations in fission yeast (growth arrest) than in budding yeast (enlarged cells unable to bud) [8]. Preliminary results show t ...
... active cdc42 mutants. Microinjected anti-Rop antibodies specifically inhibit pollen tube growth [31••]. Interestingly, this effect is more similar to loss-of-function cdc42 mutations in fission yeast (growth arrest) than in budding yeast (enlarged cells unable to bud) [8]. Preliminary results show t ...
A Dominant Negative Mutant of Cyclin-Dependent
... by flow cytometry and immunoblotting revealed similar phenotypes for both CDKA-DN events. Therefore, we selected the apparently highest expressing transgenic event of each construct for detailed biochemical analysis. T1 plants were backcrossed to the B73 inbred, and the resulting (BC2 and BC3) seeds ...
... by flow cytometry and immunoblotting revealed similar phenotypes for both CDKA-DN events. Therefore, we selected the apparently highest expressing transgenic event of each construct for detailed biochemical analysis. T1 plants were backcrossed to the B73 inbred, and the resulting (BC2 and BC3) seeds ...
Frost Resistance in Algae Cells
... Small masses of filamentous cells of a lake ball or fragments (2 X 2 cm) of tissue of marine algae with a small amount (2 cc) of water or sea water were placed in small dishes. These dishes were cooled in the cold room at various subzero temperatures to freeze the algae cells. Frozen algae in the di ...
... Small masses of filamentous cells of a lake ball or fragments (2 X 2 cm) of tissue of marine algae with a small amount (2 cc) of water or sea water were placed in small dishes. These dishes were cooled in the cold room at various subzero temperatures to freeze the algae cells. Frozen algae in the di ...
PDF - Bezanilla Lab
... smaller than controls, and contain less than half the number of cells (Fig. 1 B and C; Fig. S1B). Real-time RT-PCR analysis of class I silenced plants shows that all class I transcripts are reduced in expression (Fig. 1D). Overall, class I silenced plants have a 76% reduction in the total amount of ...
... smaller than controls, and contain less than half the number of cells (Fig. 1 B and C; Fig. S1B). Real-time RT-PCR analysis of class I silenced plants shows that all class I transcripts are reduced in expression (Fig. 1D). Overall, class I silenced plants have a 76% reduction in the total amount of ...
Experimental conditions affect the site of tetrazolium
... been established in bacteria. The objective of the present study was to identify the reduction mechanisms of tetrazolium violet (TV) in Lactococcus lactis using a mutagenesis approach, under two experimental conditions generally applied in microbiology: a plate test with growing cells, and a liquid ...
... been established in bacteria. The objective of the present study was to identify the reduction mechanisms of tetrazolium violet (TV) in Lactococcus lactis using a mutagenesis approach, under two experimental conditions generally applied in microbiology: a plate test with growing cells, and a liquid ...
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... shape [3]. Importantly, the centrosome also governs the position and activity of this second MTOC through a physical tether, the striated fiber [15]. During mitosis in tachyzoites, a polar striated fiber emerges from each centrosome and at its other end gives rise to the MTOC that defines the daught ...
... shape [3]. Importantly, the centrosome also governs the position and activity of this second MTOC through a physical tether, the striated fiber [15]. During mitosis in tachyzoites, a polar striated fiber emerges from each centrosome and at its other end gives rise to the MTOC that defines the daught ...
Human cytomegalovirus reactivation from latency
... lytic infection model; to this end, they are first differentiated into macrophages by treatment with a phorbol ester before HCMV infection in order to render the cells permissive to HCMV infection [33, 37, 42–44]. On the other hand, the use of THP-1 cells as a HCMV reactivation model (by inducing di ...
... lytic infection model; to this end, they are first differentiated into macrophages by treatment with a phorbol ester before HCMV infection in order to render the cells permissive to HCMV infection [33, 37, 42–44]. On the other hand, the use of THP-1 cells as a HCMV reactivation model (by inducing di ...
- PlantingScience
... How the Celery Challenge Works: This module is framed as a challenge to cause and explain the most extreme bending in celery petioles (stalks), designed as two guided inquiries and an open inquiry ...
... How the Celery Challenge Works: This module is framed as a challenge to cause and explain the most extreme bending in celery petioles (stalks), designed as two guided inquiries and an open inquiry ...
- Wiley Online Library
... histone variants such as TH2A, H2A.X, TH2B, TH3, H3.3, CenH3, H1T and H1T2. During mammalian spermatogenesis, these variants are incorporated into nucleosomes to restructure chromatin or to mark specific chromatin domains, and are essential for specifying primordial germ cells, meiosis, sex chromoso ...
... histone variants such as TH2A, H2A.X, TH2B, TH3, H3.3, CenH3, H1T and H1T2. During mammalian spermatogenesis, these variants are incorporated into nucleosomes to restructure chromatin or to mark specific chromatin domains, and are essential for specifying primordial germ cells, meiosis, sex chromoso ...
comparative study of extracellular fibrils on the ectodermal layer in
... inXenopus and the lack of them in Rana, can be interpreted in three ways. (1) They are present in intact gastrulae, but optimal conditions for fixation are different from those of urodele fibrils. (2) Equivalent molecules that support attachment and movement of the migrating mesodermal cells are pre ...
... inXenopus and the lack of them in Rana, can be interpreted in three ways. (1) They are present in intact gastrulae, but optimal conditions for fixation are different from those of urodele fibrils. (2) Equivalent molecules that support attachment and movement of the migrating mesodermal cells are pre ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.