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[9] John Hiscott1,2,3,4, Hakju Kwon1,2 and Pierre Génin1,2. Hostile
[9] John Hiscott1,2,3,4, Hakju Kwon1,2 and Pierre Génin1,2. Hostile

... value was achieved, the cells were washed three times and then reduced using 5mM reducing dithiothreitol (DTT). After reaching a minimal redox value the ...
Recovery of the resurrection plant Craterostigma wilmsii from
Recovery of the resurrection plant Craterostigma wilmsii from

... taken for this protection to be instituted is thought to preclude recovery after rapid drying. Thus the response of C. wilmsii plants to rapid dehydration was investigated. The effect of rapid drying on sucrose accumulation was determined and the cellular ultrastructure was investigated during natur ...
Chloroplast Tubules Visualized in Transplastomic Plants Expressing
Chloroplast Tubules Visualized in Transplastomic Plants Expressing

... suggest that chloroplast tubules may be regulated developmentally and/or tissue-specifically and have functions related to photosynthesis and the intracellular signal transduction. Previously, the presence of tubular connections between etioplasts has been demonstrated in stomatal guard cells of Ara ...
Primary endothelial cells isolated from the yolk sac
Primary endothelial cells isolated from the yolk sac

... inbred more than 12 generations and are maintained in the animal facility of Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis. In all mating procedures, female mice were exposed to male mice overnight. Identification of a vaginal plug the next morning was used to determine the pregnant stage as 0 ...
Chromatin folding – from biology to polymer models and back
Chromatin folding – from biology to polymer models and back

Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Malonylglucosides and ß -l,3
Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Malonylglucosides and ß -l,3

... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in­ vestigations have identified dif ...
The Spatial Pattern of Cochlear Amplification
The Spatial Pattern of Cochlear Amplification

Eyes Absent, a key repressor of polar cell fate during
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... types among the somatic follicle cells is crucial not only for oogenesis, but also later for the specification of embryonic polarity; however, the molecular basis for establishment of their cell fates is not completely understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that the specification of all somati ...
Neuroprotective Effects of 17Я-Estradiol and Nonfeminizing
Neuroprotective Effects of 17Я-Estradiol and Nonfeminizing

... Cells were washed twice with ice-cold PBS and harvested with 0.6 ml/dish ice-cold PBS using rubber policeman. Then, cells were homogenized by sonication. To prevent sample oxidation during homogenization, 0.5 M BHT (10 ␮l/ml cell suspension) was added before sonication. Cell homogenates were centrif ...
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PDGF signalling controls the migration of mesoderm cells during

... Blocking signalling through PDGFRα blocks migration of mesoderm cells away from the primitive streak The expression pattern of Pdgfrα in the mesoderm and the strong expression of Pdgfa in the ectoderm suggested that they might be the major signalling partners involved in the control of migration of ...
Use of Recombinant Mucin Glycoprotein to Assess the
Use of Recombinant Mucin Glycoprotein to Assess the

... Despite its obvious importance our knowledge of how bacteria interact with mucins has lagged behind that of the interaction with host cells. This is due in part to the fact that most cell culture systems do not produce a mucus layer and also the inherent difficulties in working with native mucins wh ...
Gutsy moves in mice: cellular and molecular dynamics of endoderm
Gutsy moves in mice: cellular and molecular dynamics of endoderm

... the cellular dynamics involved in endoderm formation in mouse embryos [17,18]. In this set of studies, cells of the epiblast and VE were individually labelled, embryos incubated for various time periods and then the position of their cellular descendants noted. Derivatives of epiblast cells from the ...
appearance and function of endogenous peroxidase in fetal rat thyroid
appearance and function of endogenous peroxidase in fetal rat thyroid

... By electron microscopy, peroxidase activity is still not evident within the cells of thyroids removed from embryos during the 17th day of gestation (Fig . 5) . The cells lie clustered together and are attached to one another through prominent junctions . Their cytoplasm is filled with ribosomes, and ...
PAR Proteins Regulate Microtubule Dynamics at
PAR Proteins Regulate Microtubule Dynamics at

... In order to characterize the effects of PAR proteins on microtubule dynamics during microtubule-dependent processes, we chose to study microtubule dynamics during the event of spindle positioning, as opposed to spindle rocking or rotation of the nuclear/centrosome complex, for the following reasons. ...
Bone marrow side population cells are enriched for progenitors
Bone marrow side population cells are enriched for progenitors

... lineage reconstitution. Markers for B cell (B220), T lymphocyte (CD3), mature granulocyte (Gr-1), monocyte/macrophage (Mac-1) and erythroid (Ter119) lineages were tested using a mouse lineage panel. For each marker, the percentage of lineage-positive cells as determined by FACS in WBMtransplanted mi ...
Inhibition of Transdifferentiation into Tracheary Elements by Polar
Inhibition of Transdifferentiation into Tracheary Elements by Polar

... al. 1999). Most of these data are consistent with the auxin flow canalization hypothesis proposed by Sachs (1991): auxin flow, starting initially with diffusion, induces the formation of the polar auxin transport cell system, which in turn promotes auxin transport and leads to canalization of auxin ...
Influence of salinity on the localization of Na+/K+
Influence of salinity on the localization of Na+/K+

... indicated that these were mitochondrion-rich chloride cells. No Chloride cells on the secondary lamellae were more flattened other cell types in the gill were stained above background (less round with a lower shape factor; Table·1) than those on the primary filament. Shape of chloride cells on the p ...
Lysis of Human Monocytic Leukemia Cells by
Lysis of Human Monocytic Leukemia Cells by

... ATP.5Therefore, we hypothesized that human myeloid leukemic cells might be sensitive to ATP because of the susceptibility of human macrophages. Furthermore, it might be possible to increase their sensitivity to ATP by treatment with IFN-y, with the potential of developing new therapeutic modalities. ...
Sampathkumar-2011-Live Cell Imaging Re - Max
Sampathkumar-2011-Live Cell Imaging Re - Max

... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
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... accumulated in the nuclei. On the contrary, after 2 h incubation of DOX-loaded brush copolymer micelles, intense DOX fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm rather than in cell nuclei. It implies that DOX loaded brush copolymer micelles can be effectively internalized by A549 cells. ...
Open Access - Scientific Research Publishing
Open Access - Scientific Research Publishing

Retinal Ganglion Cells in Goldfish
Retinal Ganglion Cells in Goldfish

... Golgi-like filling of the cells. From their appearance in the retinal whole-mount, they were classified as four types, according to the sizes of the soma and dendritic field, the thickness of the primary dendrites, and the density of the arbors. Each type was subdivided according to the level(s) of ...
The Sad1-UNC-84 homology domain in Mps3 interacts with Mps2 to
The Sad1-UNC-84 homology domain in Mps3 interacts with Mps2 to

... 1974, 1975). SPBs in fission yeast have a similar but not identical structure. Importantly, the S. pombe SPB is also embedded in the nuclear envelope, possibly by its SUN protein, Sad1 (Hagan and Yanagida, 1995). Until now, the budding yeast orthologue of Sad1 had not been identified. The half-bridg ...
Plasmodium telomeres: a pathogen`s perspective Artur Scherf
Plasmodium telomeres: a pathogen`s perspective Artur Scherf

... The terminal tract of P. falciparum telomeric DNA is assembled into a non-nucleosomal chromatin structure, called the telosome [8], as has been described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, human and Trypanosoma cruzi telomeres [9,10,11••]. Proteins of the telosome complex mediate specific properties assoc ...
Nervous Tissue - Essex County College Faculty Web Server
Nervous Tissue - Essex County College Faculty Web Server

... • Tortora are always sensory neurons & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
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Mitosis



Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.
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