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... et al., 2011). Upon starvation, they undergo a dramatic transition where individual cells migrate together to create fruiting bodies containing ∼105 cells. Fruiting bodies in M. xanthus contain three differentiated cell types: spores, which comprise around 10% of the fruiting body, peripheral rods t ...
... et al., 2011). Upon starvation, they undergo a dramatic transition where individual cells migrate together to create fruiting bodies containing ∼105 cells. Fruiting bodies in M. xanthus contain three differentiated cell types: spores, which comprise around 10% of the fruiting body, peripheral rods t ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... functions that may include modulating cellular responses to environmental stimuli. However, the mechanisms whereby mitochondria impact cellular phenotype are not yet clear. Objective: To determine how mitochondria impact endothelial cell function. Methods and Results: We report here that stimuli for ...
... functions that may include modulating cellular responses to environmental stimuli. However, the mechanisms whereby mitochondria impact cellular phenotype are not yet clear. Objective: To determine how mitochondria impact endothelial cell function. Methods and Results: We report here that stimuli for ...
Slam and germ cell migration - Development
... and distribution of lateral mesoderm cells in mutant embryos seems similar to that of wild type during stages 10-11 (Fig. 1B,C,E,F). However, later when gonadal mesoderm cells move towards each other to align and eventually coalesce to form the embryonic gonad, some mutant embryos show a reduction i ...
... and distribution of lateral mesoderm cells in mutant embryos seems similar to that of wild type during stages 10-11 (Fig. 1B,C,E,F). However, later when gonadal mesoderm cells move towards each other to align and eventually coalesce to form the embryonic gonad, some mutant embryos show a reduction i ...
Postmortem Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis
... strated an increased number of eosinophils in the splenic red pulp, but no reference to control cases or statistical calculations were presented. In early reports on fatal anaphylaxis, similar aggregations of eosinophils in the spleen and liver were observed (25,26). In another study, Delage et al., ...
... strated an increased number of eosinophils in the splenic red pulp, but no reference to control cases or statistical calculations were presented. In early reports on fatal anaphylaxis, similar aggregations of eosinophils in the spleen and liver were observed (25,26). In another study, Delage et al., ...
Programmed Cell Death in Neurons
... the loss of the MAP kinase pathway is not sufficient to cause death. In contrast, neuronal survival seems to be critically dependent on a PI-3-kinase signaling pathway because inhibitors of PI-3-kinase, such as wortmannin or LY294002, inhibit the ability of NGF to prevent apoptosis in PC12 cells (46 ...
... the loss of the MAP kinase pathway is not sufficient to cause death. In contrast, neuronal survival seems to be critically dependent on a PI-3-kinase signaling pathway because inhibitors of PI-3-kinase, such as wortmannin or LY294002, inhibit the ability of NGF to prevent apoptosis in PC12 cells (46 ...
Responses Mediated Downregulation of B Cell
... Increased intrinsic TNF-a levels in old B cells correlate with lower LPS response B cells from young mice were previously shown to secrete TNF-a in response to in vivo infections (11–13) or to LPS injection (29). However, no TNF-a production was shown after in vitro stimulation of B cells from young ...
... Increased intrinsic TNF-a levels in old B cells correlate with lower LPS response B cells from young mice were previously shown to secrete TNF-a in response to in vivo infections (11–13) or to LPS injection (29). However, no TNF-a production was shown after in vitro stimulation of B cells from young ...
Myosin-Powered Membrane Compartment Drives Cytoplasmic
... How molecules and large macromolecular complexes are properly distributed and positioned is one of the central problems of cell biology. In relatively small prokaryotic cells, which lack endomembrane compartments, diffusion modulated by the cell’s metabolic status is a major mechanism at work for tr ...
... How molecules and large macromolecular complexes are properly distributed and positioned is one of the central problems of cell biology. In relatively small prokaryotic cells, which lack endomembrane compartments, diffusion modulated by the cell’s metabolic status is a major mechanism at work for tr ...
Я-Amyloid-Induced Synthesis of the Ganglioside Gd3 Is a Requisite
... extracted from cultures of primary cortical neurons essentially as described previously (Auffray and Rougeon, 1980), except that cells were washed twice with ice-cold PBS and then scraped in 2 ml of cold 3 M LiC l /6 M urea and the procedure was scaled down appropriately. Finally, total RNA was subj ...
... extracted from cultures of primary cortical neurons essentially as described previously (Auffray and Rougeon, 1980), except that cells were washed twice with ice-cold PBS and then scraped in 2 ml of cold 3 M LiC l /6 M urea and the procedure was scaled down appropriately. Finally, total RNA was subj ...
A conserved sequence in calmodulin regulated spectrinassociated
... extending newly formed axons. Among these are microtubules (Lafont et al. 1993) and proteins that interact with them as assembly factors (e.g. Gordon-Weeks 2004), motors (e.g. Ahmad et al. 2000; Hirokawa and Takemura 2004) or cross-linkers (e.g. Dehmelt and Halpain 2004). Recently, we characterised ...
... extending newly formed axons. Among these are microtubules (Lafont et al. 1993) and proteins that interact with them as assembly factors (e.g. Gordon-Weeks 2004), motors (e.g. Ahmad et al. 2000; Hirokawa and Takemura 2004) or cross-linkers (e.g. Dehmelt and Halpain 2004). Recently, we characterised ...
Interaction of the Two Frontal Eye Fields Before Saccade Onset
... visuomotor, motor-related, and fixation cells. Because individual studies usually focus on a single structure, the capabilities of this structure tend to be singled out to the point where one could conclude hastily that no other center really is needed for shifting gaze. Yet there are several centra ...
... visuomotor, motor-related, and fixation cells. Because individual studies usually focus on a single structure, the capabilities of this structure tend to be singled out to the point where one could conclude hastily that no other center really is needed for shifting gaze. Yet there are several centra ...
Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Plant Cell Growth
... Golgi-derived vesicles to the plasma membrane area where exocytosis occurs (71) and has been demonstrated in some cell types to determine the cell surface area where growth takes place (50). The formation of F-actin arrays depends on the biochemical interactions of actin monomers and actin-binding p ...
... Golgi-derived vesicles to the plasma membrane area where exocytosis occurs (71) and has been demonstrated in some cell types to determine the cell surface area where growth takes place (50). The formation of F-actin arrays depends on the biochemical interactions of actin monomers and actin-binding p ...
Analysis of actin function and organization by a series of mutant
... polymers have provided valuable insights, these inhibitors affect all aspects of actin function (Allingham et al. 2006; Ayscough et al. 1997; Cooper 1987; Uribe and Jay 2009). One approach to characterize distinct functions of actin involves the generation of mutant alleles specifically defective in ...
... polymers have provided valuable insights, these inhibitors affect all aspects of actin function (Allingham et al. 2006; Ayscough et al. 1997; Cooper 1987; Uribe and Jay 2009). One approach to characterize distinct functions of actin involves the generation of mutant alleles specifically defective in ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... of polar lobe loss (Clement, 1962). Loss of 4d prior to the completion of its induction of micromere cell fates results in veligers with reduced velum, foot, shell and absent or disorganized endoderm as well as its direct mesendodermal derivatives (heart, intestine, and kidney; Rabinowitz et al., 20 ...
... of polar lobe loss (Clement, 1962). Loss of 4d prior to the completion of its induction of micromere cell fates results in veligers with reduced velum, foot, shell and absent or disorganized endoderm as well as its direct mesendodermal derivatives (heart, intestine, and kidney; Rabinowitz et al., 20 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... satellite cells to the site of myofiber damage [10]. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase, which promotes muscle cell migration and differentiation, has been shown to significantly increase the size of myoblast engraftment territory in a regenerating model [11]. The importance of satellite cell migra ...
... satellite cells to the site of myofiber damage [10]. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase, which promotes muscle cell migration and differentiation, has been shown to significantly increase the size of myoblast engraftment territory in a regenerating model [11]. The importance of satellite cell migra ...
Guidance of mesoderm cell migration in the Xenopus
... movement. Overexpression of wild-type PDGFA, or inhibition of PDGFA both lead to randomized migration, disorientation of polarized mesodermal cells, decreased movement towards the animal pole, and reduced head formation and axis elongation. This is consistent with an instructive role for PDGFA in th ...
... movement. Overexpression of wild-type PDGFA, or inhibition of PDGFA both lead to randomized migration, disorientation of polarized mesodermal cells, decreased movement towards the animal pole, and reduced head formation and axis elongation. This is consistent with an instructive role for PDGFA in th ...
Energetics and genetics across the prokaryote
... barely distinguishable from 3-billion year old microfossils in their morphological appearance [18]. At a molecular level there is no obvious reason for this limitation: bacteria made a start up every avenue of complexity, but then stopped short. There are prokaryotic examples of straight chromosomes ...
... barely distinguishable from 3-billion year old microfossils in their morphological appearance [18]. At a molecular level there is no obvious reason for this limitation: bacteria made a start up every avenue of complexity, but then stopped short. There are prokaryotic examples of straight chromosomes ...
Identification and characterization of subpopulations
... continuously in the ICM, epiblast and PrE. Rex1 (also known as Zfp42) is commonly used as a landmark of pluripotency and is strongly expressed in the ICM, but downregulated in the epiblast and PrE (Rogers et al., 1991; Pelton et al., 2002). Hence, we can distinguish the epiblast and PrE from the ICM ...
... continuously in the ICM, epiblast and PrE. Rex1 (also known as Zfp42) is commonly used as a landmark of pluripotency and is strongly expressed in the ICM, but downregulated in the epiblast and PrE (Rogers et al., 1991; Pelton et al., 2002). Hence, we can distinguish the epiblast and PrE from the ICM ...
FST 305 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY By Prof. Olusola Oyewole
... such as soil, wood, decaying organic matter as heterotrophic feeders, while others are obligate parasites subsisting on nutrients derived from living plant and animal tissues. Fungi are multinucleate, meaning that one cell can contain two or more nuclei. They obtain their energy from respiration in ...
... such as soil, wood, decaying organic matter as heterotrophic feeders, while others are obligate parasites subsisting on nutrients derived from living plant and animal tissues. Fungi are multinucleate, meaning that one cell can contain two or more nuclei. They obtain their energy from respiration in ...
Monomeric alpha-catenin links cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton
... The linkage of adherens junctions to the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell adhesion. The contribution of the cadherin–catenin complex to the interaction between actin and the adherens junction remains an intensely investigated subject that centres on the function of α-catenin, which binds to ...
... The linkage of adherens junctions to the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell adhesion. The contribution of the cadherin–catenin complex to the interaction between actin and the adherens junction remains an intensely investigated subject that centres on the function of α-catenin, which binds to ...
Epithelium of Mice T Cells in the Small Intestinal δγ with Variable
... IL-7R␣⫹, lin⫺ cells include precursors of IEL (26). Kinetic and ontogenic studies have also linked cells in cryptopatch aggregates with TCR ␥␦⫹ IEL (and TCR ␣⫹ IEL). Cryptopatch aggregates are established after birth in mice, but before the expansion of TCR ␥␦⫹ IEL later in postnatal life (24, 27, ...
... IL-7R␣⫹, lin⫺ cells include precursors of IEL (26). Kinetic and ontogenic studies have also linked cells in cryptopatch aggregates with TCR ␥␦⫹ IEL (and TCR ␣⫹ IEL). Cryptopatch aggregates are established after birth in mice, but before the expansion of TCR ␥␦⫹ IEL later in postnatal life (24, 27, ...
Targeting of Active Sialyltransferase to the Plant Golgi Apparatus
... Colley, 1989). Each enzyme is apparently specific for a nucleotide sugar and a narrow range of acceptor substrates. Given the broad range of origins and functions of these characterized enzymes, it is likely that the plant Golgi glycosyltransferases have a similar structure. Despite the flow of memb ...
... Colley, 1989). Each enzyme is apparently specific for a nucleotide sugar and a narrow range of acceptor substrates. Given the broad range of origins and functions of these characterized enzymes, it is likely that the plant Golgi glycosyltransferases have a similar structure. Despite the flow of memb ...
Gram stain reagents - Bakersfield College
... for staining is important to ensure good results. Remember, you cannot see the material you are working with so you must develop good technique based upon principles. Always start with clean slides using lens paper to clean them. Slides can be made from direct clinical material (a wound, sputum, kne ...
... for staining is important to ensure good results. Remember, you cannot see the material you are working with so you must develop good technique based upon principles. Always start with clean slides using lens paper to clean them. Slides can be made from direct clinical material (a wound, sputum, kne ...
2009-2010 Course Syllabus for Intro to Biology
... Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [a ...
... Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [a ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.