Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Cellular Immune
... B7-1, B7-2, CD40, and CD40L. Neither apoptosis nor induced T cell anergy is responsible for the MSC-mediated immunosuppressive action. MSCs have been shown to reduce the expression of lymphocyte activation markers, and the analysis of the cytokine profile of dendritic cells, naive and activated T ce ...
... B7-1, B7-2, CD40, and CD40L. Neither apoptosis nor induced T cell anergy is responsible for the MSC-mediated immunosuppressive action. MSCs have been shown to reduce the expression of lymphocyte activation markers, and the analysis of the cytokine profile of dendritic cells, naive and activated T ce ...
Expression and function of cell adhesion molecules during neural
... Expression and function of cell adhesion molecules during neural crest migration Sonja J. McKeown1, Adam S. Wallace and Richard B. Anderson Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, 3010, VIC, ...
... Expression and function of cell adhesion molecules during neural crest migration Sonja J. McKeown1, Adam S. Wallace and Richard B. Anderson Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, 3010, VIC, ...
A Role in Migration for the v 1 Integrin Expressed on
... always present at 5 ng/ml. Cell migration was measured at daily intervals for 1–5 d using a phase microscope with a calibrated graticule in the eyepiece, in which the width of one grid square represented 100 mm actual distance at a magnification of 103. Cells migrate out to form a uniform corona aro ...
... always present at 5 ng/ml. Cell migration was measured at daily intervals for 1–5 d using a phase microscope with a calibrated graticule in the eyepiece, in which the width of one grid square represented 100 mm actual distance at a magnification of 103. Cells migrate out to form a uniform corona aro ...
System approaches to study root hairs as a single cell plant model
... specific cells. Hence, our laboratory undertook a similar study to specifically examine the phosphoproteome of soybean root hair cells subsequent to rhizobial inoculation (Nguyen et al., 2012). Again, this is an ideal cell type since it is the site of the initial interaction and penetration of the p ...
... specific cells. Hence, our laboratory undertook a similar study to specifically examine the phosphoproteome of soybean root hair cells subsequent to rhizobial inoculation (Nguyen et al., 2012). Again, this is an ideal cell type since it is the site of the initial interaction and penetration of the p ...
Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay Kits for Diverse Cell Types
... well contained. Subsequent treatment with 4% glutaraldehyde (or less effectively with formaldehyde) permits safer handling during analysis, without disrupting the distinctive staining pattern. Glutaraldehyde is known to inactivate cells and viruses, while preserving their overall morphology. In addi ...
... well contained. Subsequent treatment with 4% glutaraldehyde (or less effectively with formaldehyde) permits safer handling during analysis, without disrupting the distinctive staining pattern. Glutaraldehyde is known to inactivate cells and viruses, while preserving their overall morphology. In addi ...
Intracellular Signals Direct Integrin Localization to Sites of Function
... to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins (Miyamoto et al., 1995). If this phosphorylation is required for the formation of focal adhesions, then the clustering is another key step initiated by the extracellu ...
... to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins (Miyamoto et al., 1995). If this phosphorylation is required for the formation of focal adhesions, then the clustering is another key step initiated by the extracellu ...
Biology I Pacing Guide
... Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfiliaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane ...
... Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfiliaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane ...
Mouse mammary tumor virus-based vector transduces non
... genome and integrate viral DNA in the chromosomes [27-33]. Little is known about MMTV’s ability to infect non-dividing cells. In vivo, the milk-transmitted MMTV crosses the gut and preferentially infects naïve B lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the gastrointestinal tract, which are generally non-p ...
... genome and integrate viral DNA in the chromosomes [27-33]. Little is known about MMTV’s ability to infect non-dividing cells. In vivo, the milk-transmitted MMTV crosses the gut and preferentially infects naïve B lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the gastrointestinal tract, which are generally non-p ...
BIOLOGY I - one credit - COMPETENCIES AND OBJECTIVES
... Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane ...
... Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane ...
Biology I Framework Competencies
... Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [a ...
... Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [a ...
ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY XV. ULTRASZl~IlcroRAL
... brane (Fig. 4). Processes varied in thickness throughout their length; the terminal regions displayed marked exility with featureless cytoplasmic content. The profusion of fine processes and the relative infrequency of reticular cell bodies in any plane of section suggested that each cell emitted a ...
... brane (Fig. 4). Processes varied in thickness throughout their length; the terminal regions displayed marked exility with featureless cytoplasmic content. The profusion of fine processes and the relative infrequency of reticular cell bodies in any plane of section suggested that each cell emitted a ...
Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is involved
... Mutation of the MPK6 gene causes three distinct and stable seed phenotypes Through a careful phenotypic analysis of two independent mpk6 T-DNA insertion null mutant lines (SALK_073907 and SALK_127507) (Supplementary Fig. S1A at JXB online), we corroborated that the protruding embryo phenotype, previ ...
... Mutation of the MPK6 gene causes three distinct and stable seed phenotypes Through a careful phenotypic analysis of two independent mpk6 T-DNA insertion null mutant lines (SALK_073907 and SALK_127507) (Supplementary Fig. S1A at JXB online), we corroborated that the protruding embryo phenotype, previ ...
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
Membrane Bistability in Olfactory Bulb Mitral Cells
... “downstate.” Voltage oscillations and action potentials did not occur in the downstate. The difference between upstate and downstate potentials was 10.5 ⫾ 0.4 mV (range, 6 –18 mV). Bistable mitral cells spontaneously alternated between the downstate and the upstate. The depolarizing transition from ...
... “downstate.” Voltage oscillations and action potentials did not occur in the downstate. The difference between upstate and downstate potentials was 10.5 ⫾ 0.4 mV (range, 6 –18 mV). Bistable mitral cells spontaneously alternated between the downstate and the upstate. The depolarizing transition from ...
Plastid and Stromule Morphogenesis in Tomato
... surround adjacent unseen organelles. A more commonly observed type of morphology in tomato trichomes is that of a highly irregular cluster of plastid body parts (Fig. 2D and E) which, at the most extreme, are held together in a chain by thin stromule-like features. In such morphologies it is dif®cul ...
... surround adjacent unseen organelles. A more commonly observed type of morphology in tomato trichomes is that of a highly irregular cluster of plastid body parts (Fig. 2D and E) which, at the most extreme, are held together in a chain by thin stromule-like features. In such morphologies it is dif®cul ...
Myc increases self-renewal in neural progenitor cells through Miz-1
... Stem cells ensure the turnover capacity of a tissue throughout the lifespan of an individual. Mammalian neurogenesis takes place mostly during embryonic development and early childhood but some renewing activity is maintained through adulthood (Bhardwaj et al., 2006; Morshead et al., 1998; Suhonen e ...
... Stem cells ensure the turnover capacity of a tissue throughout the lifespan of an individual. Mammalian neurogenesis takes place mostly during embryonic development and early childhood but some renewing activity is maintained through adulthood (Bhardwaj et al., 2006; Morshead et al., 1998; Suhonen e ...
Biology I
... Please note items that have a (*) should be introduced first nine weeks and taught throughout the year. ...
... Please note items that have a (*) should be introduced first nine weeks and taught throughout the year. ...
The Mormyromast Region of the Mormyrid Electrosensory Lobe. I
... corollary discharge effects are particularly prominent and particularly accessible in ELL. The present study focuses on the interaction in ELL between peripherally originating electrosensory information and centrally originating corollary discharge signals associated with the motor command that driv ...
... corollary discharge effects are particularly prominent and particularly accessible in ELL. The present study focuses on the interaction in ELL between peripherally originating electrosensory information and centrally originating corollary discharge signals associated with the motor command that driv ...
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit
... We focus on tomato in this review because it represents the predominant model for studying fruit ripening,5 it has been employed in studies emphasising the use of transgenes since the 1980s, and probably more is known about the structure and metabolism of cell walls from tomato fruit than those of a ...
... We focus on tomato in this review because it represents the predominant model for studying fruit ripening,5 it has been employed in studies emphasising the use of transgenes since the 1980s, and probably more is known about the structure and metabolism of cell walls from tomato fruit than those of a ...
Comparison of the Leukocyte differentiation
... have characteristic large granules. Monocytes make up 3% to 6% of all leukocytes, phagocytose foreign bodies, mainly become macrophages, and mostly have segmented nuclei. Lymphocytes play a central role in immunity, make up 40% of all leukocytes, have a large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, and are main ...
... have characteristic large granules. Monocytes make up 3% to 6% of all leukocytes, phagocytose foreign bodies, mainly become macrophages, and mostly have segmented nuclei. Lymphocytes play a central role in immunity, make up 40% of all leukocytes, have a large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, and are main ...
The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily
... 20-, and 16-kD subunits, all present in approximately equal stoichiometry. These subunits are referred to as p41Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc, and p16-Arc (Arp complex). A similar Arp2/3 complex was first discovered by profilin affinity chromatography of cell extracts from Acanthamoeba castellanii ...
... 20-, and 16-kD subunits, all present in approximately equal stoichiometry. These subunits are referred to as p41Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc, and p16-Arc (Arp complex). A similar Arp2/3 complex was first discovered by profilin affinity chromatography of cell extracts from Acanthamoeba castellanii ...
Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis root hairs and
... of conservation of structure and function in plants. As opposed to most plant cells, which grow diffusively over large volumes, these are defined by growing over a relatively small volume at the tip, by exocytosis of specific cell wall precursors [13,14]. This form of growth is common among fungi an ...
... of conservation of structure and function in plants. As opposed to most plant cells, which grow diffusively over large volumes, these are defined by growing over a relatively small volume at the tip, by exocytosis of specific cell wall precursors [13,14]. This form of growth is common among fungi an ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.