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... During the process of mitosis a single cell division produces two daughter cells from a single parent cell and each daughter cell has the same genetic information as the parent cell (1, 2). Mitosis produces a pair of sister chromatids from each chromosome. Meiosis is a unique type of cellular divisi ...
... During the process of mitosis a single cell division produces two daughter cells from a single parent cell and each daughter cell has the same genetic information as the parent cell (1, 2). Mitosis produces a pair of sister chromatids from each chromosome. Meiosis is a unique type of cellular divisi ...
Cellular lipidomics
... Meer, 1989). Extensive data on the ability of sphingolipids and not glycerolipids to act as hydrogen bond donors provided the physical basis for this hypothesis. Cholesterol rapidly flips across membranes and readily transfers as a monomer between membranes (Baumann et al, 2005). As cholesterol prefe ...
... Meer, 1989). Extensive data on the ability of sphingolipids and not glycerolipids to act as hydrogen bond donors provided the physical basis for this hypothesis. Cholesterol rapidly flips across membranes and readily transfers as a monomer between membranes (Baumann et al, 2005). As cholesterol prefe ...
Evo-engineering and the Cellular and Molecular Origins of
... interpretations of two experiments in amphibian embryos. The first one is the famed SpemannHilde Mangold manipulations of the organizer, a multicellular arrangement that appears at the beginning of gastrulation which has the property of evoking neural tissue on adjacent undifferentiated ectoderm (Sp ...
... interpretations of two experiments in amphibian embryos. The first one is the famed SpemannHilde Mangold manipulations of the organizer, a multicellular arrangement that appears at the beginning of gastrulation which has the property of evoking neural tissue on adjacent undifferentiated ectoderm (Sp ...
Early Embryogenesis in Flowering Plants: Setting Up the Basic Body
... Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2012.63:483-506. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Universidad Veracruzana on 01/08/14. For personal use only. ...
... Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2012.63:483-506. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Universidad Veracruzana on 01/08/14. For personal use only. ...
Smectic-A-filled birefringent elements and fast switching twisted dual
... crystals filled with liquid crystals,6 and voltage-controlled cholesteric liquid crystal gratings capable of both RamanNath and Bragg diffraction.17,18 Among the prism-based digital beam deflectors 共DBDs兲, one of the most effective designs uses a cascade of elementary stages, each of which represent ...
... crystals filled with liquid crystals,6 and voltage-controlled cholesteric liquid crystal gratings capable of both RamanNath and Bragg diffraction.17,18 Among the prism-based digital beam deflectors 共DBDs兲, one of the most effective designs uses a cascade of elementary stages, each of which represent ...
Actin-dependent vacuolar occupancy of the cell determines auxin
... of microtubules had no immediate effect on vacuolar morphology (Fig. S4). Our findings suggest that interference with actin, not microtubule dynamics, affects the vacuolar morphology. Based on these data, we assumed that the effect of auxin on actin also may impact vacuolar shape, and subsequently w ...
... of microtubules had no immediate effect on vacuolar morphology (Fig. S4). Our findings suggest that interference with actin, not microtubule dynamics, affects the vacuolar morphology. Based on these data, we assumed that the effect of auxin on actin also may impact vacuolar shape, and subsequently w ...
Role of E-cadherin and other cell adhesion molecules in survival
... Figure 1 (See opposite page). E-cadherin and its associated molecules in the survival and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. (A) The molecular structure and the binding sites of E-cadherin and its connection with actin cytoskeleton. The extracellular region of E-cadherin consists of five ...
... Figure 1 (See opposite page). E-cadherin and its associated molecules in the survival and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. (A) The molecular structure and the binding sites of E-cadherin and its connection with actin cytoskeleton. The extracellular region of E-cadherin consists of five ...
Changes in the Nuclear Envelope Environment Affect
... pore complexes (NPCs) and the spindle pole body. To study how properties of the nuclear membrane affect nuclear envelope processes, we altered the nuclear membrane by deleting the SPO7 gene. We found that spo7D cells were sickened by the mutation of genes coding for spindle pole body components and ...
... pore complexes (NPCs) and the spindle pole body. To study how properties of the nuclear membrane affect nuclear envelope processes, we altered the nuclear membrane by deleting the SPO7 gene. We found that spo7D cells were sickened by the mutation of genes coding for spindle pole body components and ...
The structure of secondary cell wall polymers: how
... and succinic acid), or sulphate. While the overall structure of the different types of teichoic acids is well documented (Archibald et al., 1993; Fischer, 1988; Hancock & Baddiley, 1985; Munson & Glaser, 1981), the structural features of teichuronic acids are less well understood and only a few have ...
... and succinic acid), or sulphate. While the overall structure of the different types of teichoic acids is well documented (Archibald et al., 1993; Fischer, 1988; Hancock & Baddiley, 1985; Munson & Glaser, 1981), the structural features of teichuronic acids are less well understood and only a few have ...
Local Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors Is
... subjected to 8 V/cm for 80 min. Note the elevation of receptor density at both anode- and cathode-facing cell regions. B, As in A, but the cell was given 80 min of relaxation following field termination. Receptor aggregation has proceeded at the cathodal pole, while the density at the anodal pole ha ...
... subjected to 8 V/cm for 80 min. Note the elevation of receptor density at both anode- and cathode-facing cell regions. B, As in A, but the cell was given 80 min of relaxation following field termination. Receptor aggregation has proceeded at the cathodal pole, while the density at the anodal pole ha ...
Extended PDF
... undomesticated B. subtilis strain (3610) with the same procedure revealed a similar or an even enhanced ability to form nanotubes (Figure S4D). The existence of nanotubes was also detected ...
... undomesticated B. subtilis strain (3610) with the same procedure revealed a similar or an even enhanced ability to form nanotubes (Figure S4D). The existence of nanotubes was also detected ...
Morphology and physiology of the marine straminipilan fungi, the
... Aplanochytrids were isolated from 34 out of 76 zooplankton samples from different strata in the 0–1000 m water column in the equatorial Indian Ocean. None of the samples yielded thraustochytrids in culture, suggesting that aplanochytrids might be more prevalent in the zooplankton samples of these wa ...
... Aplanochytrids were isolated from 34 out of 76 zooplankton samples from different strata in the 0–1000 m water column in the equatorial Indian Ocean. None of the samples yielded thraustochytrids in culture, suggesting that aplanochytrids might be more prevalent in the zooplankton samples of these wa ...
Lysosomal Sequestration of Polyamine
... activity (6). The initial characterization of this cell line led to the observation that these same cells were only cytostatically affected by the polyamine analogue DENSPM (Fig. 1) despite accumulating at least 5 times more analogue than parental cells. This observation was unexpected inasmuch as D ...
... activity (6). The initial characterization of this cell line led to the observation that these same cells were only cytostatically affected by the polyamine analogue DENSPM (Fig. 1) despite accumulating at least 5 times more analogue than parental cells. This observation was unexpected inasmuch as D ...
Tumor Heterogeneity
... cells usually remain contiguous in solid tumors, sublines tend to be localized regionally or zoned (20, 31, 76). There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tu ...
... cells usually remain contiguous in solid tumors, sublines tend to be localized regionally or zoned (20, 31, 76). There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tu ...
Goblet Cells Contribute to Ocular Surface Immune Tolerance
... micrographs are shown in Figure 2A–C. GCs contained intact mucus granules under homeostatic conditions (asterisks, Figure 2A). Exocytosis was detected after topical CCh stimulation (arrowhead, Figure 2B). Additionally, there was a change in the GC morphology with elongation of the nucleus and develo ...
... micrographs are shown in Figure 2A–C. GCs contained intact mucus granules under homeostatic conditions (asterisks, Figure 2A). Exocytosis was detected after topical CCh stimulation (arrowhead, Figure 2B). Additionally, there was a change in the GC morphology with elongation of the nucleus and develo ...
A Systems Survey of Progressive Host
... each FA listed in the DAVID database is significantly enriched, as given by the FA enrichment score (FAES), in genes reducing (FAESdown), as well as increasing (FAESup), infection (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures; Figure S3A; Table S4). The most enriched FAs were then used to construct a ne ...
... each FA listed in the DAVID database is significantly enriched, as given by the FA enrichment score (FAES), in genes reducing (FAESdown), as well as increasing (FAESup), infection (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures; Figure S3A; Table S4). The most enriched FAs were then used to construct a ne ...
Tumor Heterogeneity - Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
... cells usually remain contiguous in solid tumors, sublines tend to be localized regionally or zoned (20, 31, 76). There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tu ...
... cells usually remain contiguous in solid tumors, sublines tend to be localized regionally or zoned (20, 31, 76). There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tu ...
Cardiac optogenetics - Biomedical Engineering
... (light-sensing element). Unlike BR, ChR2 is a classical ion channel (not an active pump) and upon opening it conducts cations along the electrochemical gradient. The chromophore, all-trans-retinal, is covalently bound to the ion channel, and the complex does not undergo dissociation seen for class I ...
... (light-sensing element). Unlike BR, ChR2 is a classical ion channel (not an active pump) and upon opening it conducts cations along the electrochemical gradient. The chromophore, all-trans-retinal, is covalently bound to the ion channel, and the complex does not undergo dissociation seen for class I ...
One-eyed pinhead regulates cell motility independent of Squint
... and human cripto, Xenopus FRL-1 and zebrafish one-eyed pinhead (oep), encode extracellular molecules essential during early vertebrate development (Schier and Shen, 2000). These genes also may play a role in oncogenesis. The first member of this family, cripto, was identified as a gene expressed in ...
... and human cripto, Xenopus FRL-1 and zebrafish one-eyed pinhead (oep), encode extracellular molecules essential during early vertebrate development (Schier and Shen, 2000). These genes also may play a role in oncogenesis. The first member of this family, cripto, was identified as a gene expressed in ...
Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Expanded In Vitro Are a Powerful
... to Disruption of Cell-Cell Junctions Is the Obstacle for in Vitro Growth of HCECs Contact-inhibition is present in non-transformed normal cells when neighboring cells are in contact with one another. This fact causes low regenerative capability of in vivo human corneal endothelial cells. The convent ...
... to Disruption of Cell-Cell Junctions Is the Obstacle for in Vitro Growth of HCECs Contact-inhibition is present in non-transformed normal cells when neighboring cells are in contact with one another. This fact causes low regenerative capability of in vivo human corneal endothelial cells. The convent ...
A tightly regulated inducible expression system for
... First-generation inducible expression vectors for Trypanosoma brucei utilized a single tetracycline-responsive promoter to drive expression of an experimental gene, in tandem with a drug-resistance marker gene to select for integration (Wirtz E, Clayton CE. Science 1995; 268:1179 – 1183). Because dr ...
... First-generation inducible expression vectors for Trypanosoma brucei utilized a single tetracycline-responsive promoter to drive expression of an experimental gene, in tandem with a drug-resistance marker gene to select for integration (Wirtz E, Clayton CE. Science 1995; 268:1179 – 1183). Because dr ...
Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a
... phylogenetic relationship between archaea and eukaryotesdwe are neutral on whether archaea and eukaryotes are sister groups or whether eukaryotes are directly derived from archaea. Rather, our aim is to show that models favouring the latter do not require special mechanisms. Applying stem-and-crown ...
... phylogenetic relationship between archaea and eukaryotesdwe are neutral on whether archaea and eukaryotes are sister groups or whether eukaryotes are directly derived from archaea. Rather, our aim is to show that models favouring the latter do not require special mechanisms. Applying stem-and-crown ...
cell to cell interaction in the immune response v. target cells for
... SRBC were obtained from a single animal. The jugular vein was punctured at weekly intervals, the blood collected, and stored in Alsever's solution for 1 wk prior to use. When required, the cells were washed three times in saline and finally resuspended in an appropriate volume. The number of cells u ...
... SRBC were obtained from a single animal. The jugular vein was punctured at weekly intervals, the blood collected, and stored in Alsever's solution for 1 wk prior to use. When required, the cells were washed three times in saline and finally resuspended in an appropriate volume. The number of cells u ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.