Nestin Is Required for the Proper SelfRenewal of Neural Stem Cells
... the IF network by copolymerizing with other type III or IV IF proteins [8, 9]. The inability of nestin to polymerize by itself is presumably due to a very short N-terminal ‘‘head’’ domain that, in other IF proteins, is essential for filament assembly. Nestin is depolymerized during mitosis and is rei ...
... the IF network by copolymerizing with other type III or IV IF proteins [8, 9]. The inability of nestin to polymerize by itself is presumably due to a very short N-terminal ‘‘head’’ domain that, in other IF proteins, is essential for filament assembly. Nestin is depolymerized during mitosis and is rei ...
The differentiation in vitro of the neural crest cells of the
... the primary site of function of s gene is within melanoblasts and that the function is also dependent on the skin environment. Although intensive efforts have been made by several investigators to study the differentiation of mouse neural crest (Rawles, 1947; Mayer, 1965,1967a,b, 1977), there have b ...
... the primary site of function of s gene is within melanoblasts and that the function is also dependent on the skin environment. Although intensive efforts have been made by several investigators to study the differentiation of mouse neural crest (Rawles, 1947; Mayer, 1965,1967a,b, 1977), there have b ...
Role of - Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
... Schwann cell cultures, a-DG labeling, as determined by mAb IIH6C4, was equally distributed as microclusters on the dorsal surface of live Schwann cells (immunolabeled as individual dots; Fig. 4A). Microclusters (each dot) on unstimulated Schwann cells may represent single a-DG molecule, as suggested ...
... Schwann cell cultures, a-DG labeling, as determined by mAb IIH6C4, was equally distributed as microclusters on the dorsal surface of live Schwann cells (immunolabeled as individual dots; Fig. 4A). Microclusters (each dot) on unstimulated Schwann cells may represent single a-DG molecule, as suggested ...
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... Epstein-‐Barr virus (EBV) can also induce B cell activation by mimicking T cell help through its main oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-‐1). It is regulated by another EBV-‐encoded protein, EBV ...
... Epstein-‐Barr virus (EBV) can also induce B cell activation by mimicking T cell help through its main oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-‐1). It is regulated by another EBV-‐encoded protein, EBV ...
AGI June 41/6 - American Journal of Physiology
... provide more accessible binding sites for microorganisms because they extend up to 500 nm from enterocyte plasma membranes and 20–30 nm from M cell membranes (10). They would thus be the first structures encountered by intestinal pathogens (25). Integral membrane mucins such as those of the enterocy ...
... provide more accessible binding sites for microorganisms because they extend up to 500 nm from enterocyte plasma membranes and 20–30 nm from M cell membranes (10). They would thus be the first structures encountered by intestinal pathogens (25). Integral membrane mucins such as those of the enterocy ...
development through auxin-induced cytokinin oxidase activity
... arrest in leaf primordium growth, promoting auxin-induced cytokinin breakdown in incipient vein cells of developing primordia. Results and Discussion A morphological analysis of fully expanded first leaves revealed that cell number, not cell size, contributes to the reduced leaf size of plants grown ...
... arrest in leaf primordium growth, promoting auxin-induced cytokinin breakdown in incipient vein cells of developing primordia. Results and Discussion A morphological analysis of fully expanded first leaves revealed that cell number, not cell size, contributes to the reduced leaf size of plants grown ...
Cell cycle exit during terminal erythroid differentiation is associated
... whereby cdk4 functions to sequester p27Kip1 until a specified time in differentiation when cdk2 kinase activity is targeted by p27Kip1 to elicit G1 growth arrest. Further, the data imply that p21Cip1 may have a function independent of growth arrest during erythroid differentiation. (Blood. 2000;96:2 ...
... whereby cdk4 functions to sequester p27Kip1 until a specified time in differentiation when cdk2 kinase activity is targeted by p27Kip1 to elicit G1 growth arrest. Further, the data imply that p21Cip1 may have a function independent of growth arrest during erythroid differentiation. (Blood. 2000;96:2 ...
Resting Membrane Potentials
... Gated channels, like the open-access pores, are ion-specific. These gated passages are dependent on particular membrane-affecting agents to either open or close the gate. These may be distinct chemicals referred to as ligands. Voltage changes to the potential across the membrane also can alter these ...
... Gated channels, like the open-access pores, are ion-specific. These gated passages are dependent on particular membrane-affecting agents to either open or close the gate. These may be distinct chemicals referred to as ligands. Voltage changes to the potential across the membrane also can alter these ...
The ability of natural tolerance to be applied to
... reducing the APC activating signals from damaged tissues [1-3]. The observations of Owen and Medawar and colleagues [4-6], together with the theories of Burnet and Fenner [7], led to the generally held view that allogeneic donor cells or tissue given before immunocompetence should be treated as self ...
... reducing the APC activating signals from damaged tissues [1-3]. The observations of Owen and Medawar and colleagues [4-6], together with the theories of Burnet and Fenner [7], led to the generally held view that allogeneic donor cells or tissue given before immunocompetence should be treated as self ...
About 100 cases of small cell carcinoma
... • Invasive adenocarcinomas confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of whether lymph node metastasis is present, are defined as early gastric cancer • EGC represents between 15% and 21% of all newly diagnosed gastric cancers, whereas in Japan it accounts for over 50% of cases.[6–9] • A higher ...
... • Invasive adenocarcinomas confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of whether lymph node metastasis is present, are defined as early gastric cancer • EGC represents between 15% and 21% of all newly diagnosed gastric cancers, whereas in Japan it accounts for over 50% of cases.[6–9] • A higher ...
Targeting of Salmonella typhimurium to Vesicles Containing
... and lysosomal enzymes at early times of the infection, and CI-M6PR accumulates progressively in these compartments, with large amounts of this receptor detected at 14 d after infection (Russell et al., 1992). The phagocytic route has also been studied using a different experimental model: the uptake ...
... and lysosomal enzymes at early times of the infection, and CI-M6PR accumulates progressively in these compartments, with large amounts of this receptor detected at 14 d after infection (Russell et al., 1992). The phagocytic route has also been studied using a different experimental model: the uptake ...
Studies of the cat`s medial interlaminar nucleus
... The medial interlaminar nucleus (MINI of the cat lies medial to the laminated region of the dorsal lateral geniculate (1amLGN). This latter region includes the A and C laminae. As does lamLGN, MIN receives direct retinal input and projects to various visual cortical areas. We examined the MIN of 15 ...
... The medial interlaminar nucleus (MINI of the cat lies medial to the laminated region of the dorsal lateral geniculate (1amLGN). This latter region includes the A and C laminae. As does lamLGN, MIN receives direct retinal input and projects to various visual cortical areas. We examined the MIN of 15 ...
UVA radiation causes DNA strand breaks, chromosomal
... became tumorigenic when irradiated with 24 J/cm2 UVA for 18 weeks (He et al., 2006). The action of UVA is thought to be indirect by activating cellular chromophores and inducing photooxidative cellular stress (Wondrak et al., 2006). The thereby generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) can modify guan ...
... became tumorigenic when irradiated with 24 J/cm2 UVA for 18 weeks (He et al., 2006). The action of UVA is thought to be indirect by activating cellular chromophores and inducing photooxidative cellular stress (Wondrak et al., 2006). The thereby generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) can modify guan ...
Where in the Cell Are You? Probing HIV
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify HIV-1 fusion at the cell surface [3], the advent of dually fluorescent HIV-1 virions and pH-sensing reporters have demonstrated that as much as 30% of virions can carry out fusion with endosomal membranes to initiate infections [8]. Overall, reporte ...
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify HIV-1 fusion at the cell surface [3], the advent of dually fluorescent HIV-1 virions and pH-sensing reporters have demonstrated that as much as 30% of virions can carry out fusion with endosomal membranes to initiate infections [8]. Overall, reporte ...
New Phytologist
... (Infection Thread Initiation), Itr (Infection Thread development in Root hairs), and Itn (Infection Thread development in Nodules) phenotypes. This commonly yields two different nodule morphotypes depending on the host. These are the indeterminate nodules as in clover and alfalfa, and determinate no ...
... (Infection Thread Initiation), Itr (Infection Thread development in Root hairs), and Itn (Infection Thread development in Nodules) phenotypes. This commonly yields two different nodule morphotypes depending on the host. These are the indeterminate nodules as in clover and alfalfa, and determinate no ...
Transverse Viscoelastic Extension in Nitella
... occurred at pH 3.5 (Fig. 1). Acid-stimulated creep was not inhibited by boiling in either methanol or water for 15 min, indicating that a physical rather than an enzymic mechanism is involved. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between the stimulation obtained with acid and the in vivo growth rat ...
... occurred at pH 3.5 (Fig. 1). Acid-stimulated creep was not inhibited by boiling in either methanol or water for 15 min, indicating that a physical rather than an enzymic mechanism is involved. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between the stimulation obtained with acid and the in vivo growth rat ...
Unit 7 Review
... 5. In humans, the genotype XX results in a(n) ____________________. 6. In humans, the specific condition caused by an extra chromosome 21 is called ____________________ ____________________. 7. Loss of control and regulation of the ____________________ ____________________ can result in the developm ...
... 5. In humans, the genotype XX results in a(n) ____________________. 6. In humans, the specific condition caused by an extra chromosome 21 is called ____________________ ____________________. 7. Loss of control and regulation of the ____________________ ____________________ can result in the developm ...
Evolution and Diversity of Plant Cell Walls: From Algae to Flowering
... playing a key role in their environmental interactions. This has resulted in compositional variation that is dependent on developmental stage, cell type, and season. Further variation is evident that has a phylogenetic basis. Plants and algae have a complex phylogenetic history, including acquisitio ...
... playing a key role in their environmental interactions. This has resulted in compositional variation that is dependent on developmental stage, cell type, and season. Further variation is evident that has a phylogenetic basis. Plants and algae have a complex phylogenetic history, including acquisitio ...
Nucleolar localization of an isoform of the IGF
... ing an anti-nucleolus monoclonal antibody and confirmed the localization as being nucleolar (Fig. 4). A nucleolar localization signal in the Eb domain To test the role of IGF-I domains in the nuclear and nucleolar localization, chimeras were constructed that deleted part of exon 3 encoding the B and ...
... ing an anti-nucleolus monoclonal antibody and confirmed the localization as being nucleolar (Fig. 4). A nucleolar localization signal in the Eb domain To test the role of IGF-I domains in the nuclear and nucleolar localization, chimeras were constructed that deleted part of exon 3 encoding the B and ...
The cell walls of streptococci
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
Protists - Needham.K12.ma.us
... Most are able to move from place to place to obtain food. Unlike animals, animal-like protists are unicellular. Animal-like protists are also called Protozoans. ...
... Most are able to move from place to place to obtain food. Unlike animals, animal-like protists are unicellular. Animal-like protists are also called Protozoans. ...
Stable benefit of embryonic stem cell therapy in - AJP
... demonstrated typical features of undifferentiated cells, including a high nucleus-to-cytosol ratio, prominent nucleoli, and mitochondria with few cristae (Fig. 1, A and B). The cardiogenic capacity of this embryonic stem cell line was probed by in vitro differentiation, with cells readily derived th ...
... demonstrated typical features of undifferentiated cells, including a high nucleus-to-cytosol ratio, prominent nucleoli, and mitochondria with few cristae (Fig. 1, A and B). The cardiogenic capacity of this embryonic stem cell line was probed by in vitro differentiation, with cells readily derived th ...
KIR2DS1-Positive NK Cells Mediate Alloresponse against the C2
... IU/ml IL-2. NK clones were replated into 48-well plates along with additional feeders as described above and allowed to grow until an adequate numbers of cells were reached. Clones were then characterized for receptor phenotype by FACS. BLCLs were either obtained from the International Histocompatib ...
... IU/ml IL-2. NK clones were replated into 48-well plates along with additional feeders as described above and allowed to grow until an adequate numbers of cells were reached. Clones were then characterized for receptor phenotype by FACS. BLCLs were either obtained from the International Histocompatib ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.