Coding of Border Ownership in Monkey Visual Cortex
... the point in consideration, and even the findings concerning illusory contour representation might be explainable in terms of neighborhood processing (Heitger et al., 1998). Figure-ground segregation is fundamental to visual object recognition (Koffka, 1935), and finding this process reflected in si ...
... the point in consideration, and even the findings concerning illusory contour representation might be explainable in terms of neighborhood processing (Heitger et al., 1998). Figure-ground segregation is fundamental to visual object recognition (Koffka, 1935), and finding this process reflected in si ...
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Plasma Cell Differentiation
... leads to the elimination of the virus. In particular, IFN-␣ acts directly on most cell types to turn on biochemical pathways that restrict viral replication and render host cells resistant to further viral infection (Katze et al., 2002). IFN also activates NK cells, which can lyse virally infected ...
... leads to the elimination of the virus. In particular, IFN-␣ acts directly on most cell types to turn on biochemical pathways that restrict viral replication and render host cells resistant to further viral infection (Katze et al., 2002). IFN also activates NK cells, which can lyse virally infected ...
IGF signaling directs ventricular cardiomyocyte
... cardiomyocyte proliferation in mutant embryos was restored to normal at E14.5, concurrent with the establishment of coronary circulation. Our results define IGF2 as a previously unexplored epicardial mitogen that is required for normal ventricular chamber development. ...
... cardiomyocyte proliferation in mutant embryos was restored to normal at E14.5, concurrent with the establishment of coronary circulation. Our results define IGF2 as a previously unexplored epicardial mitogen that is required for normal ventricular chamber development. ...
Biologically Induced Mineralization by Bacteria
... be grouped into two canonical modes: 1) biologically induced mineralization (BIM) and 2) biologically controlled mineralization (BCM) (Lowenstam 1981; Lowenstam and Weiner 1989). In this chapter, we focus on biologically induced mineralization. Minerals that form by biologically induced mineralizati ...
... be grouped into two canonical modes: 1) biologically induced mineralization (BIM) and 2) biologically controlled mineralization (BCM) (Lowenstam 1981; Lowenstam and Weiner 1989). In this chapter, we focus on biologically induced mineralization. Minerals that form by biologically induced mineralizati ...
Genetic Control of Fusion Pore Expansion in the Epidermis of
... elongation in C. elegans embryos. (A) Cylindrical projection of comma stage embryo before elongation and cell fusion. The dorsal epithelial cells are numbered so apical junctions (AJs) are readily identified. For example, junction 7/8 refers to AJ between cells 7 and 8. Red and yellow: dorsal cells ...
... elongation in C. elegans embryos. (A) Cylindrical projection of comma stage embryo before elongation and cell fusion. The dorsal epithelial cells are numbered so apical junctions (AJs) are readily identified. For example, junction 7/8 refers to AJ between cells 7 and 8. Red and yellow: dorsal cells ...
ECM and Drusen
... The first clinical indication of AMD is the presence of drusen. However, with age and prior to the formation of drusen, extracellular basal deposits accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane (BrM). Many studies on the molecular composition of the basal deposits and ...
... The first clinical indication of AMD is the presence of drusen. However, with age and prior to the formation of drusen, extracellular basal deposits accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane (BrM). Many studies on the molecular composition of the basal deposits and ...
Compounds from Wild Mushrooms with Antitumor
... from genera, Auricularia, Flammulina, Ganoderma, Grifola, Hericium, Lentinus (Lentinula), Pleurotus, Trametes (Coriolus), Schizophyllum, and Tremella have been demonstrated to possess significant medicinal potential [7,16]. Pleurotus eryngii, Lyophyllum shimeji, Flammulina velutipes and Grifola fron ...
... from genera, Auricularia, Flammulina, Ganoderma, Grifola, Hericium, Lentinus (Lentinula), Pleurotus, Trametes (Coriolus), Schizophyllum, and Tremella have been demonstrated to possess significant medicinal potential [7,16]. Pleurotus eryngii, Lyophyllum shimeji, Flammulina velutipes and Grifola fron ...
PDF - The Journal of Immunology
... iNKT cell Ag (7, 8). Expression of this endogenous glycolipid Ag can be increased by innate pattern recognition of bacterial products such as LPS in dendritic cells (DCs), allowing triggering of an iNKT cell response (7, 8). A role for iNKT cells in immune responses to viral infections is supported ...
... iNKT cell Ag (7, 8). Expression of this endogenous glycolipid Ag can be increased by innate pattern recognition of bacterial products such as LPS in dendritic cells (DCs), allowing triggering of an iNKT cell response (7, 8). A role for iNKT cells in immune responses to viral infections is supported ...
negative Drug-resistant Cell Lines Using Laser
... of the drug-free buffer and replacement with buffer containing various concentrations of DNR (0.01 to 50 ^M). DNR distribution was observed at intervals from 10 s to 4 h; this permitted DNR trafficking analyses as a function of concentration and time. MCF-7 and KB cells, both of which are adherent, ...
... of the drug-free buffer and replacement with buffer containing various concentrations of DNR (0.01 to 50 ^M). DNR distribution was observed at intervals from 10 s to 4 h; this permitted DNR trafficking analyses as a function of concentration and time. MCF-7 and KB cells, both of which are adherent, ...
PGC specification from epiblast
... cells are destined for each somatic cell lineage after passing through the primitive streak during gastrulation (Hogan et al., 1994). The presumptive PGC precursors located within the proximal epiblast may also pass through the posterior end of the primitive streak and reside in the extra-embryonic ...
... cells are destined for each somatic cell lineage after passing through the primitive streak during gastrulation (Hogan et al., 1994). The presumptive PGC precursors located within the proximal epiblast may also pass through the posterior end of the primitive streak and reside in the extra-embryonic ...
Cellular and Subcellular Localization of Peroxidase
... polyphyllus. Peroxidase isoenzymes were separated by analytical IEF (pH-range 3.0—10.0). By in situ staining we could detect at least 16 peroxidase isoen zymes (Fig. 1, Table I). A unique isoenzyme pattern is typical for each of the tissues studied. In all of them the basic peroxidase isoenzymes ar ...
... polyphyllus. Peroxidase isoenzymes were separated by analytical IEF (pH-range 3.0—10.0). By in situ staining we could detect at least 16 peroxidase isoen zymes (Fig. 1, Table I). A unique isoenzyme pattern is typical for each of the tissues studied. In all of them the basic peroxidase isoenzymes ar ...
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “National Mission on
... Parenchyma cells may be elongated columnar in shape as found in palisade tissue of the leaf. Stems of plants shows well-developed air spaces (Scirpus, petiole of Canna leaf) with their stretched arms, such parenchymatous cells are called stellate parenchyma. Parenchyma cells can be variously lobed e ...
... Parenchyma cells may be elongated columnar in shape as found in palisade tissue of the leaf. Stems of plants shows well-developed air spaces (Scirpus, petiole of Canna leaf) with their stretched arms, such parenchymatous cells are called stellate parenchyma. Parenchyma cells can be variously lobed e ...
The hypersensitive response is associated with host and nonhost
... (Fig. 1A,B). After cyst germination and appressorium formation, penetration occurred and at 16 hai or later an intracellular infection vesicle was formed in the epidermal cell. Subsequently, hyphae grew into the intercellular space and rami®ed through the mesophyll. In this early biotrophic stage (2 ...
... (Fig. 1A,B). After cyst germination and appressorium formation, penetration occurred and at 16 hai or later an intracellular infection vesicle was formed in the epidermal cell. Subsequently, hyphae grew into the intercellular space and rami®ed through the mesophyll. In this early biotrophic stage (2 ...
A Division-Dependent Compartmental Model for Computing Cell
... multiple compartments makes it possible to accurately determine cell numbers in terms of divisions undergone, even though the computed densities (for the distinct compartments) will still overlap when placed simultaneously on the x axis. Because this model does not rely upon any assumptions as to th ...
... multiple compartments makes it possible to accurately determine cell numbers in terms of divisions undergone, even though the computed densities (for the distinct compartments) will still overlap when placed simultaneously on the x axis. Because this model does not rely upon any assumptions as to th ...
arc6, an extreme chloroplast division mutant of Arabidopsis also
... two approximately equal sized daughter plastids (Fig. 3F). arc6 plastids must also be capable of division within the meristematic tissues because segregation into both daughter cells at cell division is clearly ensured, since all the cells in the arc6 apical meristems, in leaf primordia and in the m ...
... two approximately equal sized daughter plastids (Fig. 3F). arc6 plastids must also be capable of division within the meristematic tissues because segregation into both daughter cells at cell division is clearly ensured, since all the cells in the arc6 apical meristems, in leaf primordia and in the m ...
Muscles of the Body
... Upon stimulation of a muscle fiber by a motor nerve there is a series of reactions that sequentially takes place causing the muscle cell to contract ◦ Ach causes the nerve impulses to spread across the entire sarcolemma which changes the membrane permeability to Na+ which initiates an action potenti ...
... Upon stimulation of a muscle fiber by a motor nerve there is a series of reactions that sequentially takes place causing the muscle cell to contract ◦ Ach causes the nerve impulses to spread across the entire sarcolemma which changes the membrane permeability to Na+ which initiates an action potenti ...
examination by electron microscopy of the interaction between
... this stage, the surface lipid of C. ovis is identifiable as an electron-dense layer outside the bacterial cell wall. Organisms found deeper within the macrophage cytoplasm are associated with vacuoles in which the limiting membrane is more tightly apposed to the ingested organism leaving only a rela ...
... this stage, the surface lipid of C. ovis is identifiable as an electron-dense layer outside the bacterial cell wall. Organisms found deeper within the macrophage cytoplasm are associated with vacuoles in which the limiting membrane is more tightly apposed to the ingested organism leaving only a rela ...
Guard cells in albino leaf patches do not respond to
... albino plants (Henson 1984). In these albino plants, plastidogenesis is also destroyed and causes decreased transcription numbers of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes (Oelmüller & Mohr 1986; Strand et al. 2003; McCormac & Terry 2004a). In addition, Nf affects the transcription rates of a large numbe ...
... albino plants (Henson 1984). In these albino plants, plastidogenesis is also destroyed and causes decreased transcription numbers of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes (Oelmüller & Mohr 1986; Strand et al. 2003; McCormac & Terry 2004a). In addition, Nf affects the transcription rates of a large numbe ...
Interleukin-6 Gene Expression in Multiple Myeloma: A Characteristic
... HE MATURATION STAGE of B-cell neoplasias vary from pre-B-cell leukemia to multiple myeloma, a hematologic malignancy characteristically associated with mature plasma cell morphology and function. Whereas the recognizable tumor cells in myeloma are the most mature B cells, early lymphoid cells are in ...
... HE MATURATION STAGE of B-cell neoplasias vary from pre-B-cell leukemia to multiple myeloma, a hematologic malignancy characteristically associated with mature plasma cell morphology and function. Whereas the recognizable tumor cells in myeloma are the most mature B cells, early lymphoid cells are in ...
fulltext
... gene expression and the fact that our bodies contain several hundred cell types make very complex biological systems. The cell has evolved many strategies to control gene expression and repression. It is clear that the gene expression pattern is under control of both genetic and epigenetic mechanism ...
... gene expression and the fact that our bodies contain several hundred cell types make very complex biological systems. The cell has evolved many strategies to control gene expression and repression. It is clear that the gene expression pattern is under control of both genetic and epigenetic mechanism ...
Targeted disruption of fibroblast growth factor receptor
... primitive streak and other axial structures (Deng et al., 1994; Yamaguchi et al., 1994). Similarly, targeted disruption of FGFR-2 leads to abortion of the egg cylinder and dominant negative homozygotes die early after implantation of blastocysts (Arman et al., 1998). In contrast, FGF-2-deficient mic ...
... primitive streak and other axial structures (Deng et al., 1994; Yamaguchi et al., 1994). Similarly, targeted disruption of FGFR-2 leads to abortion of the egg cylinder and dominant negative homozygotes die early after implantation of blastocysts (Arman et al., 1998). In contrast, FGF-2-deficient mic ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.