Innexin7a forms junctions that stabilize the basal
... GAP43-YFP as a plasma membrane marker (supplementary material Movie 2). In this movie, t=0 is set at the onset of the eleventh division. The twelfth division (t=1 h) is the last synchronous division and the thirteenth (t=3 h 30 min) is the first asynchronous division of the germ rudiment. (F-J) Stil ...
... GAP43-YFP as a plasma membrane marker (supplementary material Movie 2). In this movie, t=0 is set at the onset of the eleventh division. The twelfth division (t=1 h) is the last synchronous division and the thirteenth (t=3 h 30 min) is the first asynchronous division of the germ rudiment. (F-J) Stil ...
YSK1 is activated by the Golgi matrix protein GM130 and plays a
... kinase that showed no activity toward MBP in the presence or absence of GM130, and was comparable to the kinasedead ATP binding site mutant YSK1K49R (Fig. 5 F). Similar results to those obtained for YSK1 were also found with MST4. MST4 is specifically activated by binding to GM130 and is autophospho ...
... kinase that showed no activity toward MBP in the presence or absence of GM130, and was comparable to the kinasedead ATP binding site mutant YSK1K49R (Fig. 5 F). Similar results to those obtained for YSK1 were also found with MST4. MST4 is specifically activated by binding to GM130 and is autophospho ...
A Comparative Study of Collagen Matrix Density Effect on
... (ECM), they undergo cell-type specific specialization, with tip cells forming filopodia to sense and migrate toward chemoattractants such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while stalk cells proliferate and form vascular tubes.15,23,49 Tip cells express receptors including VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 ...
... (ECM), they undergo cell-type specific specialization, with tip cells forming filopodia to sense and migrate toward chemoattractants such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while stalk cells proliferate and form vascular tubes.15,23,49 Tip cells express receptors including VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 ...
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... intervals of time. The supernatant and cell pellets were subjected to HPLC separation with fluorescence detector. The retention times of the various toxins were compared with the standards. Concentration of the toxin was calculated based on the standard curve. On further analysis, the concentration ...
... intervals of time. The supernatant and cell pellets were subjected to HPLC separation with fluorescence detector. The retention times of the various toxins were compared with the standards. Concentration of the toxin was calculated based on the standard curve. On further analysis, the concentration ...
The Mechanisms of hsp27 Antibody-Mediated Apoptosis in Retinal
... Retinal cells plated on six-well plates (Costar, C ambridge, M A) at a density of 3 ⫻ 10 4 cells per well were cultured in the presence of monoclonal hsp27 antibody (50 –200 g /ml) or monoclonal anti-IgG (100 g /ml) for 24 hr. To examine the role of complement, cells incubated in a medium containi ...
... Retinal cells plated on six-well plates (Costar, C ambridge, M A) at a density of 3 ⫻ 10 4 cells per well were cultured in the presence of monoclonal hsp27 antibody (50 –200 g /ml) or monoclonal anti-IgG (100 g /ml) for 24 hr. To examine the role of complement, cells incubated in a medium containi ...
Modulation of Retinoblastoma and Retinoblastoma
... also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, in association with myogenic factors such as Myo D, is mequmred to bring about terminal differentiation of muscle cells (5). The Rb gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein of 1 10 k ...
... also be involved in the induction of the fully differentiated state. For example, it has been suggested that Rb protein, in association with myogenic factors such as Myo D, is mequmred to bring about terminal differentiation of muscle cells (5). The Rb gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein of 1 10 k ...
Dissecting sterol function during clathrin-dependent
... In Arabidopsis thaliana, the KNOLLE and DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 1A (DRP1A) contribute to cytokinesis. KNOLLE mediates fusion of vesicles at the plane of cell division while DRP1A appears to be involved in cell plate maturation through its role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This thesis shows that ...
... In Arabidopsis thaliana, the KNOLLE and DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 1A (DRP1A) contribute to cytokinesis. KNOLLE mediates fusion of vesicles at the plane of cell division while DRP1A appears to be involved in cell plate maturation through its role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This thesis shows that ...
Polysialic acid controls NCAM signals at cell–cell contacts to
... family and the GDNF family receptor alpha-1, but also with heparan and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix through heparin-binding sites localised to the Ig2 domain of NCAM (for a review, see Nielsen et al., 2010). The most studied extracellular interaction partners in ter ...
... family and the GDNF family receptor alpha-1, but also with heparan and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix through heparin-binding sites localised to the Ig2 domain of NCAM (for a review, see Nielsen et al., 2010). The most studied extracellular interaction partners in ter ...
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... biofilms which can have detrimental effects on materials (e.g. biocorrosion; Gu, 2007) or even endanger human health (e.g. medical implants; Padera, 2006). Material scientists have developed numerous strategies to prevent biofilm formation such as using antiadhesive materials and/or materials pretre ...
... biofilms which can have detrimental effects on materials (e.g. biocorrosion; Gu, 2007) or even endanger human health (e.g. medical implants; Padera, 2006). Material scientists have developed numerous strategies to prevent biofilm formation such as using antiadhesive materials and/or materials pretre ...
Cytoplasmic sequestration of the tumor suppressor p53 by a heat
... discovered in embryonic mouse fibroblasts, where two forms were isolated, mot-1 and mot-2, differing in two amino acids. Mot-1 was found throughout the cytoplasm, while mot-2 was detected in the perinuclear region of immortal cells. A single human homologue of mortalin (HSPA9) was identified, resultin ...
... discovered in embryonic mouse fibroblasts, where two forms were isolated, mot-1 and mot-2, differing in two amino acids. Mot-1 was found throughout the cytoplasm, while mot-2 was detected in the perinuclear region of immortal cells. A single human homologue of mortalin (HSPA9) was identified, resultin ...
Pectin methylesterases: cell wall enzymes with important roles in
... In the past five years, it has been shown that the several PME isoforms detected in cell walls are encoded by a multigene family12,13. Recently, the systematic sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome has greatly contributed to the identification of the 67 PME-related genes in this species14. The PME ge ...
... In the past five years, it has been shown that the several PME isoforms detected in cell walls are encoded by a multigene family12,13. Recently, the systematic sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome has greatly contributed to the identification of the 67 PME-related genes in this species14. The PME ge ...
Regulation of Tcell receptor signaling by the actin cytoskeleton and
... translate radially within the synapse face, aggregating into a central supramolecular-activating cluster (cSMAC) (17). These synapses resemble the original description of the synapse, with TCRs occupying the interior of the interface, the integrin pair LFA-1-ICAM occupying the peripheral SMAC (pSMAC ...
... translate radially within the synapse face, aggregating into a central supramolecular-activating cluster (cSMAC) (17). These synapses resemble the original description of the synapse, with TCRs occupying the interior of the interface, the integrin pair LFA-1-ICAM occupying the peripheral SMAC (pSMAC ...
wingless acts through the shaggy/zeste-white 3
... Fig. 1. Spatial organization of the leg imaginal disc revealed by wg expression. (A) Schematic representation of the spatial relationship between cells expressing wg and the imaginal disc primordium in the embryo. The secreted Wg protein provides a positional signal to recruit nearby cells into the ...
... Fig. 1. Spatial organization of the leg imaginal disc revealed by wg expression. (A) Schematic representation of the spatial relationship between cells expressing wg and the imaginal disc primordium in the embryo. The secreted Wg protein provides a positional signal to recruit nearby cells into the ...
multiple functions The ADAMs family of metalloproteases
... 19 were originally cloned from myoblasts (Yagami-Hiromasa et al. 1995), but have been shown subsequently to be more broadly expressed. Several ADAMs are expressed in multiple splice forms (Table 1). For example, ADAM22 (Sagane et al. 1998), ADAM29 and ADAM30 (Cerretti et al. 1999) have two to three ...
... 19 were originally cloned from myoblasts (Yagami-Hiromasa et al. 1995), but have been shown subsequently to be more broadly expressed. Several ADAMs are expressed in multiple splice forms (Table 1). For example, ADAM22 (Sagane et al. 1998), ADAM29 and ADAM30 (Cerretti et al. 1999) have two to three ...
introduction - Macmillan Learning
... animals with serum from the first. The work of Karl Landsteiner and those who followed him showed that injecting an animal with almost any organic chemical could induce production of antibodies that would bind specifically to it. These studies demonstrated that antibodies have a capacity for an almo ...
... animals with serum from the first. The work of Karl Landsteiner and those who followed him showed that injecting an animal with almost any organic chemical could induce production of antibodies that would bind specifically to it. These studies demonstrated that antibodies have a capacity for an almo ...
mycorrhizae - TeacherWeb
... A hypha does not actually pierce the plasma membrane and enter the cytoplasm of the host cell, but instead grows into a tube formed by invagination of the root cell’s membrane. To the unaided eye, endomycorrhizae look like normal roots with root hairs. ...
... A hypha does not actually pierce the plasma membrane and enter the cytoplasm of the host cell, but instead grows into a tube formed by invagination of the root cell’s membrane. To the unaided eye, endomycorrhizae look like normal roots with root hairs. ...
Endomucin, a CD34-like sialomucin, marks hematopoietic stem cells
... mice (Fig. 3 C). 6 mo after transplantation, long-term repopulation was detected only with EndomucinCD34KSL cells but not with EndomucinCD34KSL cells. These data clearly show that all LTR-HSCs express Endomucin. The engraftment rate of EndomucinCD34–KSL cells (8/18 recipient mice) was lower tha ...
... mice (Fig. 3 C). 6 mo after transplantation, long-term repopulation was detected only with EndomucinCD34KSL cells but not with EndomucinCD34KSL cells. These data clearly show that all LTR-HSCs express Endomucin. The engraftment rate of EndomucinCD34–KSL cells (8/18 recipient mice) was lower tha ...
"Unusual" modifications and variations of
... sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate, or keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. A significant proportion of these molecules seem to have more than one type of glycosaminoglycan chain associated with them, presumably on multiple branches of a single N-linked core region (Norgard-Sumnicht et al., 1995) ...
... sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate, or keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. A significant proportion of these molecules seem to have more than one type of glycosaminoglycan chain associated with them, presumably on multiple branches of a single N-linked core region (Norgard-Sumnicht et al., 1995) ...
Developmental neurobiology of hydra, a model animal of cnidarians1
... Introduction to the nerve net of hydra: unique features of the diffuse nervous system The freshwater coelenterate hydra has a simple body plan. Like all coelenterates, it is a diploblastic animal: it is composed of two layers of epithelial cells, the endoderm and the ectoderm. The apical end is the ...
... Introduction to the nerve net of hydra: unique features of the diffuse nervous system The freshwater coelenterate hydra has a simple body plan. Like all coelenterates, it is a diploblastic animal: it is composed of two layers of epithelial cells, the endoderm and the ectoderm. The apical end is the ...
Dispersal of Golgi matrix proteins during mitotic Golgi
... by deconvolution microscopy. Total fluorescence above background, as well as fluorescence attributed to objects, was then analyzed in three dimensions. To reduce experimental bias and to account for possible variation between cells, a statistical analysis was performed on results from multiple cells ...
... by deconvolution microscopy. Total fluorescence above background, as well as fluorescence attributed to objects, was then analyzed in three dimensions. To reduce experimental bias and to account for possible variation between cells, a statistical analysis was performed on results from multiple cells ...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
... showed that these cells were swollen, suggesting that the envelope was impaired by the presence of diumycin. Diumymin concentrations between I and 100 ,ug per ml gave typical lysis curves. Vancomycin also caused lysis of B. cereus. It is concluded that the iifluence of diumycin on the growth of S. a ...
... showed that these cells were swollen, suggesting that the envelope was impaired by the presence of diumycin. Diumymin concentrations between I and 100 ,ug per ml gave typical lysis curves. Vancomycin also caused lysis of B. cereus. It is concluded that the iifluence of diumycin on the growth of S. a ...
Membrane voltage initiates Ca2 waves and potentiates Ca2
... and thereafter propagating over 5–10 s to the cell center (c and d) near the nucleus (identified under bright field, not shown). The elevated [Ca21]i dissipated throughout the cell once the membrane voltage was returned to 250 mV (Fig. 4e). The traces of [Ca21]i in Fig. 4 (Lower) confirm the centrip ...
... and thereafter propagating over 5–10 s to the cell center (c and d) near the nucleus (identified under bright field, not shown). The elevated [Ca21]i dissipated throughout the cell once the membrane voltage was returned to 250 mV (Fig. 4e). The traces of [Ca21]i in Fig. 4 (Lower) confirm the centrip ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.