Development of differentiation assay in neuroblastoma to elucidate
... Poorly differentiated cancers present an aggressive phenotype – they grow quickly, have higher metastatic potential and are correlated with unfavourable outcome. The idea of differentiation therapy is therefore well understood. However, there’s no standard method to assess differentiation in neurobl ...
... Poorly differentiated cancers present an aggressive phenotype – they grow quickly, have higher metastatic potential and are correlated with unfavourable outcome. The idea of differentiation therapy is therefore well understood. However, there’s no standard method to assess differentiation in neurobl ...
SIM002 Sig Tech Liquid Kelp - hugh
... Auxins (Indole Acetic Acid) controls cell expansion, elongation and help initiate cell division. It affects the elasticity of cell walls (like blow up a balloon) allowing the cell to expand and grow. Cytokinins affect the rate of cell division and therefore the promotion of growth. Of more importanc ...
... Auxins (Indole Acetic Acid) controls cell expansion, elongation and help initiate cell division. It affects the elasticity of cell walls (like blow up a balloon) allowing the cell to expand and grow. Cytokinins affect the rate of cell division and therefore the promotion of growth. Of more importanc ...
Behavioural properties of chick somitic mesoderm
... (ii) Posteriorly situated somites, which are newly segmented and have not yet begun to differentiate into dermo-myotomes and sclerotomes. (iii) Anteriorly situated somites, which have already begun to form dermomyotomes and sclerotomes. (iv) Lateral plate mesoderm. At stage 12, 16 pairs of somites a ...
... (ii) Posteriorly situated somites, which are newly segmented and have not yet begun to differentiate into dermo-myotomes and sclerotomes. (iii) Anteriorly situated somites, which have already begun to form dermomyotomes and sclerotomes. (iv) Lateral plate mesoderm. At stage 12, 16 pairs of somites a ...
Cilia Review Article - Eastern Virginia Medical School
... Work with C. elegans provided early clues that the gene products for PKD1 and PKD2 might also be involved with cilia structure and/or function. During the examination of mutations that affect mating behavior in C. elegans, Barr et al. (1999, 2001) identified worm homologs of PKD1 as lov-1 (for locat ...
... Work with C. elegans provided early clues that the gene products for PKD1 and PKD2 might also be involved with cilia structure and/or function. During the examination of mutations that affect mating behavior in C. elegans, Barr et al. (1999, 2001) identified worm homologs of PKD1 as lov-1 (for locat ...
The putative phosphatase All1758 is necessary for normal growth
... heterocyst-specific glycolipid. Pattern formation, as indicated by the timing and pattern of expression from the promoters of hetR and patS fused transcriptionally to the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP), was unaffected by mutation of all1758, suggesting that its role in the formation of het ...
... heterocyst-specific glycolipid. Pattern formation, as indicated by the timing and pattern of expression from the promoters of hetR and patS fused transcriptionally to the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP), was unaffected by mutation of all1758, suggesting that its role in the formation of het ...
Membrane traffic and fusion at post-Golgi compartments
... inhibits the secretion of secGFP at the TGN/EE (Viotti et al., 2010), but other markers are not affected (Scheuring et al., 2011). Thus, one or more pathway(s) might be involved in the secretion of soluble proteins. Additional functional studies are required to resolve this issue. TRAFFICKING TO THE ...
... inhibits the secretion of secGFP at the TGN/EE (Viotti et al., 2010), but other markers are not affected (Scheuring et al., 2011). Thus, one or more pathway(s) might be involved in the secretion of soluble proteins. Additional functional studies are required to resolve this issue. TRAFFICKING TO THE ...
EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID CONCENTRATION ON
... Ascorbic acid effect plant growth and increased activity of apical meristem. This increase in growth may due to include from increase in mitotic division in meristematic zones and cell growth in length due to ascorbic acid influence [Smirnoff et al. 2000]. Obtained results confirmed that ascorbic ac ...
... Ascorbic acid effect plant growth and increased activity of apical meristem. This increase in growth may due to include from increase in mitotic division in meristematic zones and cell growth in length due to ascorbic acid influence [Smirnoff et al. 2000]. Obtained results confirmed that ascorbic ac ...
Implications for AIDS Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of
... In contrast to HIV-infected humans, naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs) very rarely progress to AIDS. Although the mechanisms underlying this disease resistance are unknown, a consistent feature of natural SIV infection is the absence of the generalized immune activation associated with HIV ...
... In contrast to HIV-infected humans, naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs) very rarely progress to AIDS. Although the mechanisms underlying this disease resistance are unknown, a consistent feature of natural SIV infection is the absence of the generalized immune activation associated with HIV ...
OsDMC1 is required for homologous pairing in Oryza sativa
... Meiosis allows diploid sporophytic cells to produce haploid cells, which develop further into gametophytes or gametes, thus being essential not only for the maintenance of genomic stability but also for the creation of genetic diversity. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two sequential rounds of nucl ...
... Meiosis allows diploid sporophytic cells to produce haploid cells, which develop further into gametophytes or gametes, thus being essential not only for the maintenance of genomic stability but also for the creation of genetic diversity. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two sequential rounds of nucl ...
Cellular damage induced by cadmium and
... the studies, oxidative stress symptoms appeared when treatments were long enough to attain substantial metabolic changes. In such experiments, the effects caused by relatively long exposure to metal might reflect a general failure of the plant metabolism. Little is known about the early stages. Even ...
... the studies, oxidative stress symptoms appeared when treatments were long enough to attain substantial metabolic changes. In such experiments, the effects caused by relatively long exposure to metal might reflect a general failure of the plant metabolism. Little is known about the early stages. Even ...
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER INHIBITORS OF CELL
... surrounded by two membranes. • The outer membrane functions as an efficient permeability barrier containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and porins. ...
... surrounded by two membranes. • The outer membrane functions as an efficient permeability barrier containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and porins. ...
Mitochondria as signaling organelles R E V I E W Open Access
... residues in proteins, modulating their activity [14-16]. By contrast, mitochondrial ROS (mROS) were proposed to be produced only under pathological conditions to invoke damage [17]. However, in the late 1990s, mROS emerged as signaling molecules that communicate between mitochondria and the rest of ...
... residues in proteins, modulating their activity [14-16]. By contrast, mitochondrial ROS (mROS) were proposed to be produced only under pathological conditions to invoke damage [17]. However, in the late 1990s, mROS emerged as signaling molecules that communicate between mitochondria and the rest of ...
The Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Exports
... debris (33). In C. neoformans, membranous vesicles carry glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major capsular polysaccharide, to the extracellular space. The polysaccharide is then released and reincorporated into the cell surface as a parallel mechanism of capsule growth (32, 33, 42). Vesicles containing ...
... debris (33). In C. neoformans, membranous vesicles carry glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major capsular polysaccharide, to the extracellular space. The polysaccharide is then released and reincorporated into the cell surface as a parallel mechanism of capsule growth (32, 33, 42). Vesicles containing ...
K-ras modulates the cell cycle via both positive and negative
... (reviewed in Pines, 1995; Nigg, 1995). Multiple cyclinCDK complexes undergo changes in the kinase and cyclin moieties which are believed to drive the cell cycle from one stage to another. An important element of this cyclin regulated cell cycle is the rapid induction of cell cycle phase speci®c cycl ...
... (reviewed in Pines, 1995; Nigg, 1995). Multiple cyclinCDK complexes undergo changes in the kinase and cyclin moieties which are believed to drive the cell cycle from one stage to another. An important element of this cyclin regulated cell cycle is the rapid induction of cell cycle phase speci®c cycl ...
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER INHIBITORS OF CELL
... surrounded by two membranes. • The outer membrane functions as an efficient permeability barrier containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and porins. ...
... surrounded by two membranes. • The outer membrane functions as an efficient permeability barrier containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and porins. ...
Mesoderm and ectoderm lineages in the crustacean Parhyale
... studies raise the question of how early during development these cells are committed, if at all, to their subsequent germ layer fates and whether cell–cell interactions play a role in determining these fates. It is currently unknown to what extent maternal factors are unequally distributed within th ...
... studies raise the question of how early during development these cells are committed, if at all, to their subsequent germ layer fates and whether cell–cell interactions play a role in determining these fates. It is currently unknown to what extent maternal factors are unequally distributed within th ...
Developmental genetics of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx
... five types of pharyngeal cells: neurons (20), muscles (20 cells; 37 nuclei), marginal cells (9), epithelial cells (9), and gland cells (4 cells; 5 nuclei). The muscle cells and marginal cells form a single-cell-thick tube with trifold symmetry (two bilateral symmetrical left and right subventral sid ...
... five types of pharyngeal cells: neurons (20), muscles (20 cells; 37 nuclei), marginal cells (9), epithelial cells (9), and gland cells (4 cells; 5 nuclei). The muscle cells and marginal cells form a single-cell-thick tube with trifold symmetry (two bilateral symmetrical left and right subventral sid ...
Agrin is required for survival and function of
... isoforms but carry a transgene that increases Musk expression selectively in skeletal muscle.11 Musk expression in skeletal muscle allows agrin knockout mice to live longer, but still most Musk-L; Agrn⫺/⫺ mice die between postnatal day (P) 7 and P10 for unknown reasons11 and our experiments were the ...
... isoforms but carry a transgene that increases Musk expression selectively in skeletal muscle.11 Musk expression in skeletal muscle allows agrin knockout mice to live longer, but still most Musk-L; Agrn⫺/⫺ mice die between postnatal day (P) 7 and P10 for unknown reasons11 and our experiments were the ...
Dynamic Tubular Vacuoles Radiate Through the
... Fig. 1 Anthocyanin autofluorescence reveals vacuolar dynamics in inner epidermal cells. (A) Using cyan excitation (514 nm), anthocyanin autofluorescence (580–780 nm; anthocyanin, upper image) demonstrated vacuolar morphology. Non-fluorescent transvacuolar strands and aggregates of cytoplasm (asterisks) ...
... Fig. 1 Anthocyanin autofluorescence reveals vacuolar dynamics in inner epidermal cells. (A) Using cyan excitation (514 nm), anthocyanin autofluorescence (580–780 nm; anthocyanin, upper image) demonstrated vacuolar morphology. Non-fluorescent transvacuolar strands and aggregates of cytoplasm (asterisks) ...
Generation of CD19-chimeric antigen receptor
... donors. CD8⫹ TCM typically comprise less than 3% of PBMCs in healthy donors, and can be identified by expression of the CD45RO isoform that is acquired during the naive to memory transition, and by the coexpression of CD62L.22,29 To enrich the CD8⫹ TCM fraction, we first depleted CD4⫹, CD14⫹, and CD ...
... donors. CD8⫹ TCM typically comprise less than 3% of PBMCs in healthy donors, and can be identified by expression of the CD45RO isoform that is acquired during the naive to memory transition, and by the coexpression of CD62L.22,29 To enrich the CD8⫹ TCM fraction, we first depleted CD4⫹, CD14⫹, and CD ...
Mercuric Conjugates of Cysteine Are Transported by the Amino Acid
... medium was removed and cells were washed with warm uptake buffer (25 mM Hepes, 140 mM Tris, N-methyl-D-glucamine chloride, 5.4 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 0.8 mM MgSO4, 5 mM glucose, pH 7.5). Uptake was initiated with the addition of 250 l of uptake buffer containing radiolabeled substrates. Cells were i ...
... medium was removed and cells were washed with warm uptake buffer (25 mM Hepes, 140 mM Tris, N-methyl-D-glucamine chloride, 5.4 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 0.8 mM MgSO4, 5 mM glucose, pH 7.5). Uptake was initiated with the addition of 250 l of uptake buffer containing radiolabeled substrates. Cells were i ...
singlecellanswers
... 1. the most commonly observed protozoans 2. is an oval, slipper shaped micro-organism, rounded at the front/top and pointed at the back/bottom 3. they live in aquatic environments, usually in stagnant, warm water 1. It has a slipper-like shape 2. It follows a spiral path while rotating on the long a ...
... 1. the most commonly observed protozoans 2. is an oval, slipper shaped micro-organism, rounded at the front/top and pointed at the back/bottom 3. they live in aquatic environments, usually in stagnant, warm water 1. It has a slipper-like shape 2. It follows a spiral path while rotating on the long a ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.