The relationship between emerging neural crest cells
... confirmed with TEM (Fig. 3A). Cell division occurs at the apical (juxtaluminal) surface, from the location of mitotic figures seen by LM and TEM. Nondividing cells were narrow at the apical end, with the nucleus located centrally or basally. At this level of the neural tube the basal surfaces of the ...
... confirmed with TEM (Fig. 3A). Cell division occurs at the apical (juxtaluminal) surface, from the location of mitotic figures seen by LM and TEM. Nondividing cells were narrow at the apical end, with the nucleus located centrally or basally. At this level of the neural tube the basal surfaces of the ...
Influence of body fluid from pin-killed honey bee pupae on hygienic
... brood assays to test hygienic behavior of workers. They found no significant differences between the two methods. They considered the pin-killing method developed by Newton and Ostasiewski [3] more useful than the freeze-killing method because it is easier to use in the field and in the laboratory a ...
... brood assays to test hygienic behavior of workers. They found no significant differences between the two methods. They considered the pin-killing method developed by Newton and Ostasiewski [3] more useful than the freeze-killing method because it is easier to use in the field and in the laboratory a ...
Dynamic Localization of Rop GTPases to the
... throughout the cytoplasm. Costaining with the fluorescent ceramide analog BODIPY FL C5-ceramide, which presumably stains both ER and Golgi (Kawazu et al., 1995), show that Rop is not localized to the Golgi complex either (data not shown). In addition, Rop is not colocalized with AtPEP12p, an Arabido ...
... throughout the cytoplasm. Costaining with the fluorescent ceramide analog BODIPY FL C5-ceramide, which presumably stains both ER and Golgi (Kawazu et al., 1995), show that Rop is not localized to the Golgi complex either (data not shown). In addition, Rop is not colocalized with AtPEP12p, an Arabido ...
Diazonamide A and a Synthetic Structural Analog
... The marine ascidian Diazona angulata was the source organism for the complex cytotoxic peptide diazonamide A. The molecular structure of this peptide was recently revised after synthesis of a biologically active analog of diazonamide A in which a single nitrogen atom was replaced by an oxygen atom. ...
... The marine ascidian Diazona angulata was the source organism for the complex cytotoxic peptide diazonamide A. The molecular structure of this peptide was recently revised after synthesis of a biologically active analog of diazonamide A in which a single nitrogen atom was replaced by an oxygen atom. ...
Biofuel cells and their development - ePrints Soton
... 1.3. Definitions and classifications of biofuel cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1. Classification of electrochemical devices according to fuel containment . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... 1.3. Definitions and classifications of biofuel cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1. Classification of electrochemical devices according to fuel containment . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
A Hierarchy of Regulatory Genes Controls a Larva-to-Adult
... switch critically depends on the activity of /in-29. /in-14 and /in-28 inhibit /in-29 at early stages of development and thereby prevent early switching. Later, /in-4 inhibits h-74 and /in-28, resulting in the activation of /in-29./in-29 is proposed to trigger the switch by differentially regulating ...
... switch critically depends on the activity of /in-29. /in-14 and /in-28 inhibit /in-29 at early stages of development and thereby prevent early switching. Later, /in-4 inhibits h-74 and /in-28, resulting in the activation of /in-29./in-29 is proposed to trigger the switch by differentially regulating ...
Effect of membrane composition on temperature activation of TRPV1
... 2.1 Electrical properties of the cell membrane All living cells are enveloped by a plasma membrane that acts as a barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular environment [1]. The main constituents of cell membranes are phospholipids, which contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic (polari ...
... 2.1 Electrical properties of the cell membrane All living cells are enveloped by a plasma membrane that acts as a barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular environment [1]. The main constituents of cell membranes are phospholipids, which contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic (polari ...
Chromosomal DNA demethylation specified by
... demethylated at any time point, and the percentage of demethylated lacO sites increased over the 98 days of the experimental interval. Furthermore, cell lines with the same lacO integration site, but different LacI integration sites, showed different amounts of demethylation with the same trend of i ...
... demethylated at any time point, and the percentage of demethylated lacO sites increased over the 98 days of the experimental interval. Furthermore, cell lines with the same lacO integration site, but different LacI integration sites, showed different amounts of demethylation with the same trend of i ...
A molecular framework for the inhibition of
... Ioio et al. 2007). In addition to auxin and cytokinin, other hormones have been recognized as modulating root development, such as gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA). It has recently been shown that gibberellins regulate Arabidopsis root growth by promoting cell proliferation (Achard et ...
... Ioio et al. 2007). In addition to auxin and cytokinin, other hormones have been recognized as modulating root development, such as gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA). It has recently been shown that gibberellins regulate Arabidopsis root growth by promoting cell proliferation (Achard et ...
DNA REPLICATION CHECKPOINT CONTROL 7. Acknowledgments
... importantly, the integrity of the genome must be ensured before it is passed to daughter cells. In unicellular organisms such as yeast, loss of genetic material may lead to cell death. However, in higher eukaryotes genomic instability is causally related with tumorigenesis. To combat this instabilit ...
... importantly, the integrity of the genome must be ensured before it is passed to daughter cells. In unicellular organisms such as yeast, loss of genetic material may lead to cell death. However, in higher eukaryotes genomic instability is causally related with tumorigenesis. To combat this instabilit ...
Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
... generation under standard growth conditions. In a second study by the same group, Arabidopsis plants lacking AOX were found to grow more slowly than Wt plants at low temperature, but again there was no evidence that this was associated with increased mROS generation (Fiorani et al. 2005). The result ...
... generation under standard growth conditions. In a second study by the same group, Arabidopsis plants lacking AOX were found to grow more slowly than Wt plants at low temperature, but again there was no evidence that this was associated with increased mROS generation (Fiorani et al. 2005). The result ...
Quality control in the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication
... to once per cell cycle. In general, licensing can occur from the end of mitosis until a point in late G1 phase, and the helicase activation step can only occur during S phase and G2 phase. The mechanisms by which these steps are regulated during the cell cycle are considered in §3. ...
... to once per cell cycle. In general, licensing can occur from the end of mitosis until a point in late G1 phase, and the helicase activation step can only occur during S phase and G2 phase. The mechanisms by which these steps are regulated during the cell cycle are considered in §3. ...
Nobel Lecture by Elizabeth H. Blackburn
... ciliate Oxytricha and its relatives had very short tracts of 8-nucleotide (C4A4) repeats at their macronuclear DNA ends, and that the high copy-number linear rDNA minichromosomes in two different slime molds similarly had tracts of simple repeat sequences, CCCTAA and C1–8 T respectively (Reviewed in ...
... ciliate Oxytricha and its relatives had very short tracts of 8-nucleotide (C4A4) repeats at their macronuclear DNA ends, and that the high copy-number linear rDNA minichromosomes in two different slime molds similarly had tracts of simple repeat sequences, CCCTAA and C1–8 T respectively (Reviewed in ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell
... Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347 ...
... Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347 ...
Expression of the Nucleus-Encoded Chloroplast Division Genes and
... which a red or a green alga became integrated into a previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryote (Archibald 2009; Keeling 2011). In a manner reminiscent of their free-living ancestor, chloroplasts have retained the bulk of their bacterial biochemistry and replicate by the division of the preexisting orga ...
... which a red or a green alga became integrated into a previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryote (Archibald 2009; Keeling 2011). In a manner reminiscent of their free-living ancestor, chloroplasts have retained the bulk of their bacterial biochemistry and replicate by the division of the preexisting orga ...
Auxin and the Communication Between Plant Cells
... developmental dichotomy could arise from communication between initially equipotent daughter cells and therefore would be independent of cell lineage (Fig. 1b). As diverse as these two mechanisms might appear, it can be difficult to discriminate between them in nature since the commitment for a cert ...
... developmental dichotomy could arise from communication between initially equipotent daughter cells and therefore would be independent of cell lineage (Fig. 1b). As diverse as these two mechanisms might appear, it can be difficult to discriminate between them in nature since the commitment for a cert ...
The Regulation of S Phase Initiation by p27Kip1 in NIH3T3 Cells
... Each of these regulatory features of cyclin E/CDK2 is potentially a target for the action of signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation. The variety of mechanisms of CDC45 control might indicate the number of different mechanisms required for cell cycle regulation during the generation, ma ...
... Each of these regulatory features of cyclin E/CDK2 is potentially a target for the action of signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation. The variety of mechanisms of CDC45 control might indicate the number of different mechanisms required for cell cycle regulation during the generation, ma ...
Metabolic Basis of Visual Cycle Inhibition by Retinoid and
... chromophore primarily applies to diseases characterized by deficits in retinoid biosynthesis (13–16). The third strategy is to attenuate flux of retinoids in the eye by inhibiting specific steps in the retinoid cycle (17–20). This approach is used for diseases associated with accumulation of toxic v ...
... chromophore primarily applies to diseases characterized by deficits in retinoid biosynthesis (13–16). The third strategy is to attenuate flux of retinoids in the eye by inhibiting specific steps in the retinoid cycle (17–20). This approach is used for diseases associated with accumulation of toxic v ...
Example of a scientific poster - SPUR
... intestinal bacteria community differed between wild type and CagA expressing flies. We dissected and plated out homogenized CagA and control guts. We observed no significant increase in the proportion of Lactobacillus bacteria in CagA flies as compared to control flies, although the data suggested s ...
... intestinal bacteria community differed between wild type and CagA expressing flies. We dissected and plated out homogenized CagA and control guts. We observed no significant increase in the proportion of Lactobacillus bacteria in CagA flies as compared to control flies, although the data suggested s ...
Most Human Proteins Made in Both Nucleus
... Essentially no signal remains after a 5-min chase (Fig. 1Av). This contrasts with the known half-lives of human proteins (measured using pulses lasting days) of ,20 h (the range of half-lives covers minutes to many tens of hours; [11–12]). However, a 60-min pulse gives sufficient incorporation to al ...
... Essentially no signal remains after a 5-min chase (Fig. 1Av). This contrasts with the known half-lives of human proteins (measured using pulses lasting days) of ,20 h (the range of half-lives covers minutes to many tens of hours; [11–12]). However, a 60-min pulse gives sufficient incorporation to al ...
Mariam SH et al BMC 2017 - Armauer Hansen Research Institute
... methods to counter contamination and pathogen load. LAB are prime candidates in the search for such alternatives and may be used in various ways (e.g., direct challenge with live LAB, use of their metabolic products or fermentate from LAB cultures) [29]. Studies on possible antagonistic effects of L ...
... methods to counter contamination and pathogen load. LAB are prime candidates in the search for such alternatives and may be used in various ways (e.g., direct challenge with live LAB, use of their metabolic products or fermentate from LAB cultures) [29]. Studies on possible antagonistic effects of L ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in
... Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347 ...
... Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347 ...
ATM - dump.no
... types of traffic simultaneously, including realtime voice, video, and bursty TCP traffic Way in which data flow is handled depends on the characteristics of the traffic flow and requirements of the application (ex. Real-time video must be delivered within minimum variation in delay) Primary serv ...
... types of traffic simultaneously, including realtime voice, video, and bursty TCP traffic Way in which data flow is handled depends on the characteristics of the traffic flow and requirements of the application (ex. Real-time video must be delivered within minimum variation in delay) Primary serv ...
the Cell
... and divide by binary fission with one molecule of the replicated DNA and the cytoplasm going into each daughter cell • Eukaryotic cells replicate DNA and then distribute their chromosomes into daughter cells by mitosis and meiosis, followed by cytokinesis, division of the cytoplasm © 2012 Pearson Ed ...
... and divide by binary fission with one molecule of the replicated DNA and the cytoplasm going into each daughter cell • Eukaryotic cells replicate DNA and then distribute their chromosomes into daughter cells by mitosis and meiosis, followed by cytokinesis, division of the cytoplasm © 2012 Pearson Ed ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in
... Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347 ...
... Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347 ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.