Maize meiotic mutants with improper or non
... During meiotic prophase homologous chromosomes find each other and pair. Then they synapse, as the linear protein core (axial element or lateral element) of each homologous chromosome is joined together by a transverse central element, forming the tripartite synaptonemal complex (SC). Ten uncloned Z ...
... During meiotic prophase homologous chromosomes find each other and pair. Then they synapse, as the linear protein core (axial element or lateral element) of each homologous chromosome is joined together by a transverse central element, forming the tripartite synaptonemal complex (SC). Ten uncloned Z ...
pdf: Baskin 2013
... some plant cell biologists have used apical for cell polarity with reference to the shoot apex only, so that under their terminology apical points away from the root’s apex; however, an alternative terminology for cell polarity has been recently proposed.4 In any case, here, anatomy rather than cell ...
... some plant cell biologists have used apical for cell polarity with reference to the shoot apex only, so that under their terminology apical points away from the root’s apex; however, an alternative terminology for cell polarity has been recently proposed.4 In any case, here, anatomy rather than cell ...
Staining and Bacterial Cell Morphology
... In a manner quite similar to the Gram stain, the acid-fast stain differentiates an important group of bacteria, the mycobacteria. Mycobacteria belong to the genus Mycobacterium which include important organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (agent of tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium leprae (agent o ...
... In a manner quite similar to the Gram stain, the acid-fast stain differentiates an important group of bacteria, the mycobacteria. Mycobacteria belong to the genus Mycobacterium which include important organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (agent of tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium leprae (agent o ...
Chapter Five - Building a Fly Eye: Terminal
... Fly PR development occurs in two major steps: PR cell specification and terminal differentiation (Mollereau et al., 2001). PR cell specification occurs during the latest stages of larval development, and has been a topic of extensive study (for a review, see Chapter 4). PR terminal differentiation o ...
... Fly PR development occurs in two major steps: PR cell specification and terminal differentiation (Mollereau et al., 2001). PR cell specification occurs during the latest stages of larval development, and has been a topic of extensive study (for a review, see Chapter 4). PR terminal differentiation o ...
Overexpression of Ferredoxin, PETF, Enhances Tolerance to Heat
... were compared with those of the Cblp transcripts, and were normalized according to the value of CC125 under normal growth conditions; (D) Ratios of reduced ascorbate in Chlamydomonas cellular extract under normal growth conditions. The contents of ascorbate in the late-log phase cell cultures were m ...
... were compared with those of the Cblp transcripts, and were normalized according to the value of CC125 under normal growth conditions; (D) Ratios of reduced ascorbate in Chlamydomonas cellular extract under normal growth conditions. The contents of ascorbate in the late-log phase cell cultures were m ...
Understanding Activity in Electrically Coupled Networks Using PRCs
... In this chapter, we describe how PRCs and weakly coupled oscillator theory can be used to understand activities produced by electrically coupled cells. For space reasons, we take a narrow focus, only considering electrical coupling between pairs of spiking neurons in cortical systems and related the ...
... In this chapter, we describe how PRCs and weakly coupled oscillator theory can be used to understand activities produced by electrically coupled cells. For space reasons, we take a narrow focus, only considering electrical coupling between pairs of spiking neurons in cortical systems and related the ...
Mapping the Synthetic Dosage Lethality Network of CDK1/CDC28
... activated by its cyclin partners, which are differentially expressed throughout the cell cycle. CyclinCdc28 complexes coordinate the cell cycle by phosphorylating specific proteins involved in DNA replication and repair, telomere homeostasis, cell growth and morphogenesis, lipid synthesis, formation ...
... activated by its cyclin partners, which are differentially expressed throughout the cell cycle. CyclinCdc28 complexes coordinate the cell cycle by phosphorylating specific proteins involved in DNA replication and repair, telomere homeostasis, cell growth and morphogenesis, lipid synthesis, formation ...
The epithelial junction: bridge, gate, and fence.
... by observing no voltage step (because everyone then assumed the resistance between different epithelial cells to be infinite). Instead, they found to their astonishment that the voltage step was nearly as large as when both microelectrodes were in the same cell!. Evidently, there were some bridge-li ...
... by observing no voltage step (because everyone then assumed the resistance between different epithelial cells to be infinite). Instead, they found to their astonishment that the voltage step was nearly as large as when both microelectrodes were in the same cell!. Evidently, there were some bridge-li ...
Newly Synthesized Catalytic and Regulatory Components of
... critical assessment of any role for CAMP in regulating development and function of mammalian neurons, it must first be demonstrated that (1) developing neurons can synthesize CAMP, e.g., express adenylate cyclase (AC); (2) CAMP levels in the cell are sufficient to activate protein kinases; (3) such ...
... critical assessment of any role for CAMP in regulating development and function of mammalian neurons, it must first be demonstrated that (1) developing neurons can synthesize CAMP, e.g., express adenylate cyclase (AC); (2) CAMP levels in the cell are sufficient to activate protein kinases; (3) such ...
Vacuolar Function in the Phosphate Homeostasis of the Yeast
... pounds did not change during phosphate starvation, inDeprivation of phosphate is a critical situation to liv- dicating that the amount of inorganic phosphate was kept ing organisms. We examined growth response of yeast to constant (Fig. 2A). The intensity of signal assigned to inorphosphate starvati ...
... pounds did not change during phosphate starvation, inDeprivation of phosphate is a critical situation to liv- dicating that the amount of inorganic phosphate was kept ing organisms. We examined growth response of yeast to constant (Fig. 2A). The intensity of signal assigned to inorphosphate starvati ...
Fibronectins Are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel
... myosin-positive cells are present at the normal stage of embryogenesis and at the expected location within the embryo (at the base of the headfold). Also, the myosin-positive boundaries of the mutant heart primordium are approximately equal to those in normal embryos. The anterior-posterior length o ...
... myosin-positive cells are present at the normal stage of embryogenesis and at the expected location within the embryo (at the base of the headfold). Also, the myosin-positive boundaries of the mutant heart primordium are approximately equal to those in normal embryos. The anterior-posterior length o ...
1 Sister chromatids are often incompletely cohesed
... During preliminary investigations we occasionally found three or four instead of one or two FISH signals for chromosome-specific ~100 kb segments in 4C nuclei of A. thaliana indicating that not only homologues but also sister chromatids may occupy separate positions within a nucleus. Therefore, we b ...
... During preliminary investigations we occasionally found three or four instead of one or two FISH signals for chromosome-specific ~100 kb segments in 4C nuclei of A. thaliana indicating that not only homologues but also sister chromatids may occupy separate positions within a nucleus. Therefore, we b ...
Mechanism of Phagocytosis in Phagocytosis is Mediated by
... The major experimental difficulty in measuring initial rates of phagocytosis is to find a rapid procedure to separate quantitatively cells containing ingested material from the bulk of uningested material . Separation by differential centrifugation, the procedure usually applied, is tedious and inco ...
... The major experimental difficulty in measuring initial rates of phagocytosis is to find a rapid procedure to separate quantitatively cells containing ingested material from the bulk of uningested material . Separation by differential centrifugation, the procedure usually applied, is tedious and inco ...
Mechanism of Uptake and Retrograde Axonal Transport of
... after an initial exocytosis, their membranes contribute to the formation of small dense-core vesicles, the predominant type of vesicle in most adrenergic nerve endings (49). However, in adrenergic neurons, budding of small and large catecholaminestoring vesicles from the axonal and terminal ER-like ...
... after an initial exocytosis, their membranes contribute to the formation of small dense-core vesicles, the predominant type of vesicle in most adrenergic nerve endings (49). However, in adrenergic neurons, budding of small and large catecholaminestoring vesicles from the axonal and terminal ER-like ...
About Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer
... Most skin cancers can be prevented. The best way to lower the number of skin cancers and the pain and loss of life from this disease is to educate the public about skin cancer risk factors, prevention, and detection. It’s important for health care professionals and skin cancer survivors to remind ot ...
... Most skin cancers can be prevented. The best way to lower the number of skin cancers and the pain and loss of life from this disease is to educate the public about skin cancer risk factors, prevention, and detection. It’s important for health care professionals and skin cancer survivors to remind ot ...
Determination and morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo
... oral-aboral axis and the animal-vegetal axis. The evidence for a graded potential of development in sea urchin eggs forms one of the foundations of classical experimental embryology. If egg fragments or blastomeres derived from eggs by cleavage are separated along the animal-vegetal axis, resulting ...
... oral-aboral axis and the animal-vegetal axis. The evidence for a graded potential of development in sea urchin eggs forms one of the foundations of classical experimental embryology. If egg fragments or blastomeres derived from eggs by cleavage are separated along the animal-vegetal axis, resulting ...
Foci of Trinucleotide Repeat Transcripts in Nuclei
... in apparently random positions. This punctate hybridization pattern suggested that the subnuclear localization of the MtPK transcripts may have a functional significance. To visualize these foci more clearly, nuclei were isolated to eliminate cytoplasmic contamination, and also showed the signal wit ...
... in apparently random positions. This punctate hybridization pattern suggested that the subnuclear localization of the MtPK transcripts may have a functional significance. To visualize these foci more clearly, nuclei were isolated to eliminate cytoplasmic contamination, and also showed the signal wit ...
separation of cell types from embryonic chicken and rat spinal cord
... many of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Tissue explants and cells dissociated from several nerve tissues, including spinal cord, have been successfully maintained in vitro, and the properties of both glial and neuronal cells have been described (Fischbach and Nelson, 1977; Patri ...
... many of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Tissue explants and cells dissociated from several nerve tissues, including spinal cord, have been successfully maintained in vitro, and the properties of both glial and neuronal cells have been described (Fischbach and Nelson, 1977; Patri ...
2015 – PKc-theta is a novel sc35 splicing factor regulator in
... of genes that undergo activation-induced alternative splicing in T cells. Many of these genes encode proteins that are important for T cell function, such as RNA-binding proteins and transcription factors (10, 11). However, although numerous immunologically relevant genes undergo alternative splicin ...
... of genes that undergo activation-induced alternative splicing in T cells. Many of these genes encode proteins that are important for T cell function, such as RNA-binding proteins and transcription factors (10, 11). However, although numerous immunologically relevant genes undergo alternative splicin ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.